1、语篇提能阅读理解AThere have been many natural disasters since ancient times. In order to fight against violence of nature and improve peoples life, many scientists created lots of inventions. Here is one of them.Zhang Heng (78AD139AD) was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the
2、 Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in todays Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several wellrecognized literary writin
3、gs. Much to everyones amazement, he turned to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded.In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震仪) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圆
4、柱) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred，a ball fell out of the dragons mouth into a frogs mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)Zhang Heng was the f
5、irst person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe(旋转浑天仪). In one of his publications he also submitted 3.1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics.1Whats the passage mainly about?AZhang Heng a famous astronomer.BModern scientists and their inventi
6、ons.CZhang Heng and his contributions.DZhang Heng and his hobbies.2Zhang Heng first began to study astronomy _.Ain the year 108 Bafter the year 94Cafter the year 108 Din the year 1233When a ball fell out of the dragons mouth into a frogs mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show _.Ahow m
7、any miles away there was an earthquakeBa big fire occurred somewhereCearthquakes would happen all around the countryDthere might be an earthquake in this direction4Which is NOT true according to the passage?AZhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing.BZhang Heng invented the calendar.CZhang
8、 Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe.DZhang Heng also put forward 3.1466.5The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means “_”Awon BrescuedCrepaired Dproposed答案与解析：本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他作出的贡献。1解析：主旨大意题。全篇主要介绍了张衡和他作出的贡献，C项符合题意。A项内容尽管正确，但不全面，不能概括全文意思；B项内容与文章内容
9、不符，张衡是我国古代科学家，不属于现代；D项内容也不符合文章意思，文章并没有叙述张衡的爱好。答案：C2解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Zhang Heng(78 AD139 AD) was a great astronomer .”和最后一句“he turned to astronomy after age 30”可知C项正确。答案：C3解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth into a frogs mouth, making a noise.”以及常识可知
10、D项为正确答案。答案：D4解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.”可知B项与文章内容不符，张衡只是修正了历法，使之与季节相符合，而不是发明了历法。根据文章第二段中的“He published several wellrecognized literary writings.”可知A项符合原文意思；根据最后一段第一、二句可知，C项和D项符合文章意思。答案：B5解析：词义猜测题。结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted应为“提出，主张
11、”的意思。答案：DBThese days when someone says a computer has a bug in it, usually they mean that there s a problem with one of its programs.But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first computer bug. As a mathematician, Hopper had be
12、en hired(雇用) by the navy to help program the new Mark computer, whose job was to quickly solve the math problems ships and airplanes used to find their way.The Mark worked by reading instructions from a long strip of paper with holes punched(打孔) in it. The computer translated the patterns of holes i
13、nto the math problems it was supposed to solve.One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the computer wasnt giving them the right results. They finally ended up taking the Mark apart, looking for problems.It was a dead moth(蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes on t
14、he paper strip no wonder the computer didnt know what to do.Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before when there were problems with machines. But this was the first time a computer had ever had one. She thought it was funny that it was a real bug. Some people think Hopper was the first pe
15、rson to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a computer”Grace Hopper worked with computers her whole life and went on to become a rear admiral(海军少将) in the US. Navy. She was the first person to write a wordbased computer language. This makes it easier for people to tell computers
16、 what to do. Some people called her “Grandma COBOL”， but to most she was just “Amazing Grace”6According to the text, Grace Hopper _.Acreated the term “bug”Binvented the Mark computerConce piloted ships and airplanesDwas the first to “debug” a computer program7The dead moth caused the Mark computer t
17、o _.Abreak downBrun faster than beforeCgive wrong informationDpunch more holes in the paper8We can learn from the text that _.Athere were few women scientists in the early 19th centuryBGrace Hopper was the first person to use computer languageCGrace Hopper made great contributions to computer scienc
18、eDGrace Hopper had been a teacher before working in the US. Navy9This text is mainly about _.Athe early life of Grace HopperBthe origin of the first computer bugCthe history of the Mark computerDthe function of the Mark computer答案与解析：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了首个计算机bug的由来及其发现者Grace Hopper。6解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Grace Ho
19、pper .discovered the very first computer bug”和第六段的“Hopper was the first person to use the word debug to mean get rid of the problems in a computer”可知，Grace Hopper是第一个debug计算机程序的人。debug指“检测并排除(计算机程序中的)故障”。答案：D7解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“But the computer wasnt giving them the right results”以及第五段的“The moth .the computer didnt know what to do”可知，死蛾导致了马可计算机不能给出正确结果。答案：C8解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的介绍可知，Grace Hopper为计算机科学做出了巨大的贡献。答案：C9解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了首个计算机bug的由来。答案：B
