1、2015广东省揭阳市高考英语学案：阅读理解练习（7）及答案解析（9月）【英语卷(解析)2015届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试（201408）】ASince the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose M
2、ilan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the
3、vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella say
4、s. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motori
5、zed wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The p
6、ractical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can bene
7、fit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1. BCI is a technology that can _.A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled to recover D. control a persons thoughts 2. How did Tavella operate the w
8、heelchair in the laboratory? A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine. C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomputercapwheelchairB. computercapscalpwheelchairC. scalpcapcomputerwheelcha
9、irD. capcomputerscalpwheelchair4. The team will test with real patients to _. A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Researc
10、h CenterB. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【答案】【知识点】C8 科普知识类【文章综述】本文主要讲述了电脑与人的大脑和脊椎等之间如何建立联系，以更好地为人类服务。【答案解析】1. B。解析：细节题，根据第一段Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people wit
11、h disabilities send commands to machines可知brain-computer帮助残疾人将大脑的信息传递给电脑，也就是在大脑和电脑之间建立联系。故选B。2. D。解析：细节题，根据第三段In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band可知Tavella在实验室是用大脑操作轮椅，故选D。3. C。解析：排序题。根据第五段This head cover picks up the signals from th
12、e scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair可知C的排序正确。 4. B。解析：细节题。根据最后一段One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.可知用真正的病人验证就是为了证明它们是否对病人有用，故选B5. C。解析：概括题。通读全文，并根据文章关键段第一段判断
13、文章的题目选C。阅读理解 For those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a highlevel of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, i
14、ts own reflected image（反射出的影像）Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the
15、club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. We thought that elephants were the next important animal, said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. P
16、lotnik and Fans BM. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants seemed like cousins to apes anddolphins. The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They putan 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the si
17、ght of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies. Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. S
18、he could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals? A. Whether they h
19、ave large brains. B Whether they have self-awareness. C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text? A. They are most familiar to readers. B They are big favorites with zoo visitors. C. They are includ
20、ed in the study by Reiss. D. They are already known to be intelligent.3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty? A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror. B. She recognized her own image in the mirror. C. She painted a mark on her own face. D. She found the hidden camera.【参考答案】1-3、B
21、DB【英语卷(解析)2015届河北省唐山市高三9月模拟考试（201409）WORD版】B The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard（蜥蜴） of the iguana family It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas, one of the most endangered groups of lizards This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean The
22、 Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous; 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses However, Cuban iguanas occasionally consume animal matter, and individuals have been observed eating the dead flesh
23、 of birds, fish and crabs, The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population booming on Isla Magueyes, Puerto R
24、ico It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, where a separate subspecies occurs Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear c
25、acti （仙人掌） In general the species is in decline, more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the anima
26、ls prefer to build their nests Although the wild population is in decline, the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding（圈养） and other conservation programs25The underlined word herbivorous （Paragraph 2） probably means A dangerous B gentle C plant-eating D flesh-
27、eating26Why does the Cuban iguana build its nest near prickly-pear cacti? A To keep itself cool B To get the food easily C To stay away from people D To avoid crocodiles attack27How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction? A Two B Three C, Four D Five28Whats the authors purpose of wri
28、ting the text? A To give us a brief introduction to the Cuban iguana B To show he is concerned about the Cuban iguana C To explain reasons for the Cuban iguanas declineD To draw peoples attention to the endangered Cuban iguana【答案】【知识点】C8 科普知识类 【文章综述】本文是篇科普类文章介绍是古巴岩鬣蜥的形状，饮食，分布及栖息地被破坏的现状。【答案解析】25.C 词意
29、猜测。根据第二段提到95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses百分之九十五他的饮食包括叶，花，水果多达30个物种，故食草型动物，故选C项。26.D 细节理解题。根据第三段提到To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickl
30、y-pear cacti可知为了避免来自他人的攻击，故选D项。27.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests可知被破坏原因是农场动物的消费造成的栖息地的破坏,房地
31、产开发和建设旅游度假村，故选B项。28.A 推断题。第一段是对它的所属家庭的介绍，第二段介绍它的饮食，第三段讲它的分布，第四段讲面临灭绝的原因，故选A项。【英语卷(解析)2015届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试（201408）扫描版】CIts illegal for the police to attach a GPS unit to your car without your permission, as the U.S. Supreme Court settled in 2012. But if the police are in hot pursuit of a bank robber o
32、r other escaping criminals that threaten public safety, a GPS tracker is acceptable. But exactly how can the police GPS track a car that is moving fast?The answer to that question comes from StarChase, a new police technology being used by a small-but growing number of law enforcement agencies. It a
33、llows the police to fire 4.5-inch glue-covered GPS bullet-like projectiles (发射体) from an air gun fixed in their police cars. If the GPS tracker makes contact with the escaping robbers car, itll stick no matter how fast the vehicle is going. That way, the police will have a constant read on the cars
34、location and heading. Aside from simply apprehending (逮捕) criminals, its believed this new technology could help save lives. If the police successfully fire a GPS unit at a speeding criminal, they can pull back from a high-risk chase. Chases can be incredibly dangerous to all involved, including inn
35、ocent bystanders and other drivers. Once the GPS bullet connects, theres no need for the chase any longer.Now, predictably, a GPS-loaded gun isnt cheap. Police departments need to pay about $5,000 per vehicle for the technology, and individual GPS bullets cost as much as $250 each. That may sound ex
36、pensive, but remember: The alternative is often thousands of dollars in property damage, and great human cost in injury and lost life. According to Star Chase, their GPS bullet system has an apprehension rate of 80% without any report of injury or property damage. If youd like to learn more about th
37、e StarChase system, Popular Mechanics has just published a good article about it. Theres also plenty more information available at the companys website.28. When the GPS bullet sticks to the escaping robbers car, the police can_ .A. know the cars condition B. ensure the robbers safetyC. play a fair g
38、ame with the robber D. know the cars position and direction29.The GPS bullets could help save lives mainly becauseA. the bullets wont hurt people B. they can make the robbers car stopC. the police can stop the dangerous chasingD. they have more advantages than normal bullets30.From the text we can l
39、earn that GPS bullets A. are useful for the police B. are widely used in AmericaC. can control the rising crime rate D. can replace the police in the future31. In which part of a newspaper can we read the textA.Life B.Nature C.Fashion D.Technology【答案】【知识点】C8 科普知识类【文章综述】本文讲述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确
40、定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避免高风险的追捕【答案解析】28. D 细节理解题。根据第二提到If the GPS tracker makes contact with the escaping robbers car, itll stick no matter how fast the vehicle is going. That way, the police will have a constant read on the cars location and heading.可知用来知道抢劫犯的位置与方向，故选D项。29. C 细节理解题。根据第二段提到If the police succ
41、essfully fire a GPS unit at a speeding criminal, they can pull back from a high-risk chase. Chases can be incredibly dangerous to all involved, including innocent bystanders and other drivers.可知如果警察把这种装置安在犯罪的车上，他们可以撤出高风险的追逐，避免危及自身以及周围无辜的群众，故选C项。30. A 推断题。根据最后一段提到According to Star Chase, their GPS bu
42、llet system has an apprehension rate of 80% without any report of injury or property damage.根据定位卫星，这个定位装置有个百分之八十的成功率，推断用于警方，故选A项。31. D 推断题。本文讲述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避免高风险的追捕，所以这篇文章出现在科技版面，故选D项。【阅读理解】For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfaw
43、areness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence. Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very littl
44、e attention to the reflected image. Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an As
45、ian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and FansB. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains，Reiss said, eleph
46、ants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the m
47、irror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch t
48、he mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通过实验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商。1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains. B. Whether they have selfawareness.C. Whether they
49、 enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“Awareness can be tested by.”可知B项正确。2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the stud
50、y by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.答案：D。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She found the hidden camera.答案：B。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出Happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。
