1、小升初语法 - 代词（基础篇）考点一：人称代词人称代词是表示 “我” “你” “他” “她” “它” “我们” “你们” “他们” 的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。详见下表:人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit下面咱们一起来看看人称代词的用法吧!1. 人称代词主格作主语，一般放在谓语动词之前。如:I am from the UK.我来自英国。We go to school by bike. 我们骑自行车去上学。He often plays basketball on the playgrou
2、nd. 他经常在操场上打篮球。2. 人称代词宾格作宾语，放在动词或介词的后面。如: Miss Li teaches us English. 李老师教我们英语。Whats wrong with him? 他怎么了?3. 两个或两个以上的人称代词并列作主语时，排列顺序为:单数人称“二、三、一”，复数人称“一、二、三”。如:You,she and I are good friends.你、她和我都是好朋友。We, you and they all like music. 我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。注：当I与其他词语一起并列作主语时，要放在后面，但在承认错误时，I要放在前面。如：She and I
3、are in the same school. 她和我在同一所学校。I and he made mistakes. 我和他犯了错误。考点二：物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词，也叫作代词所有格。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，且有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的物主代词还有性的变化。见下表:人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs词义我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的物主代词的用法:1.
4、 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。如:This is my ruler. 这是我的尺子。We all love our motherland. 我们都热爱我们的祖国。2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。如:The long ruler is hers and the short one is yours. 这把长尺子是她的,那把短的是你的。3. 名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词。如: - Is this your book? 这是你的书吗?- No, it isnt. Its hers（ her book）. 不，不是。是她的（书）。考点三：指示代词表示“那个” “这个” “这些
5、” “那些” 等指示概念的词，叫指示代词。指示代词有 this, that, these, those等。this（复数形式是 these）, 是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that（复数形式是 those）, 是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。1. 指示代词的基本用法作主语如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。作表语如: What I want is that/this. 我想要的是那/这个。 作宾语如:You like this but I like that.你喜欢这个,而我喜欢那个。 作定语如: What is the use of thos
6、e books? 那些书有什么用处呢?2. 指示代词的特殊用法为了避免重复, 可用that, those代替前面提到过的名词, 但是this, these不可代替前面提到过的名词。如:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.昆明的天气比北京好。The bikes made in Guangzhou are as good as those made in Beijing.广州生产的自行车和北京生产的一样好。Her interests are different from those of her childhood. 她的爱好
7、和童年时代不同了。 that 有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。如:He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.（句中的that作主语,代替He was ill.）他病了,那就是他没来的原因。He broke the window,and that cost him 10 dollars.他打破了窗户, 那（打破窗户这件事）花了他10美元。考点四：反身代词反身代词表示人或事物的本身,用来表示动作回到其执行者本身,用以加强语气。详见下表:人称单数复数第一人称myself 我自己ourselves 我们自己第二人称yourself 你自己yourselves 你们自己第三人
8、称himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己themselves 他(她、它)们自己反身代词的用法:1. 作宾语如:Andy hurt himself while he was cutting the cabbage.安迪切白菜时伤到了自己。2. 作表语如:The poor boy in the picture was himself.照片里那个可怜的男孩就是他自己。3. 作同位语如:Jimmy himself cooked lunch today.吉米今天自己做了午餐。4. 反身代词可以用来表示强调,此时,反身代词通常放在名词、代词之后,也可以放在句尾。如: I mys
9、elf can finish it. 我自己可以完成这件事。考点五：疑问代词疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的代词, 一般情况下, 它们都放在句首, 并在句子中充当某一成分。常见的疑问代词有 who（谁）, whose（谁的）, what（什么）, which（哪个,哪些）等。其具体用法如下:1. who 只能用来对人提问,通常作主语。如: Who is the tallest boy? 那个最高的男孩是谁?2. whose 一般用来对所属关系提问,在句子中作定语。如: Whose wallet is this? 这是谁的钱包?3. what 用来对事或物提问。如: What are you do
10、ing now? 现在你在做什么?4. which 用来对人、事或物提问（表示选择）。如: Which hospital is not far from here? 哪一家医院离这儿不远?考点六：不定代词表示不具体指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词有 each, one, both, all, somebody, anything, none 等。其具体用法如下:1. some 和 anysome一般用于肯定句, 用于提建议或请求时,可用于疑问句。any多用于疑问句与否定句中, 表示任何时, 可用于肯定句。如: There are some apples in the box. 箱子
11、里有一些苹果。Would you like some tea? 你要来点茶吗?There arent any persons in the room. 房间里没有人。2. one 和 onesone 指代单数可数名词。如:The new house is much bigger than that one.这个新房子比那个大得多。ones 指代复数可数名词。如: These books arent new.Let me give you those ones.这些书不是新的。我给你另外一些。3. all 和 bothall表示三者或三者以上的人或物, both 只能表示两者。如:Copper
12、and silver are both metals.铜和银都是金属。Not all women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜欢 Ms 这个词。4. neither 和 eitherneither 和 either 均用于指两者（只用于指两者,指三者或多者要用 none 或 any）, neither意为两者都不, either 意为两者之一、任意一方。5. other, the other, others, the others 和 another（1）带定冠词的 the other, the others 表特指, 而不带定冠词的 other, others 表泛
13、指。如:Dont cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时别插话。Only Jim was there. The others had left. 只有吉姆在那儿。其余的人都离开了。（2）other和the other后可修饰名词; 而others和the others则只能单独使用, 不能修饰名词。如:可说 the other people,但不能说 the others people。（3）another指另外的一个, 表泛指。6. few, a few, little 和 a littlefew 和 little 表示否定意义, 意为 很少 几乎没有;
14、a few 和 a little 表示肯定意义, 意为 几个; 一些; 一点, 但 few 和 a few 只用于修饰或指代复数可数名词, 而 little 和 a little 只用于修饰或指代不可数名词。例1 _ _ teaches _ math.A. She ;us B. She ; we C. Her ; us答案 A名师点拨在此句中, 前一个人称代词作主语, 因此要用主格; teach为动词, 后接代词时用宾格。例2 This is _ book. The new one is _.A. mine ; your B. my ; yours C. I ; you答案 B名师点拨形容词性
15、物主代词后面要接名词,而名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,后面不可加名词。例3 - Whats _ over there? - Its a bag.A. this B. those C. that答案 C名师点拨 由回答可知是对单数物品提问, 同时over there意为在那边, 因此要选择表示远处单数事物的指示代词that。例4 Im eleven. I can look after _ now.A. I B. she C. myself答案 C名师点拨 look after 意为照顾, alter为介词, 其后不可用人称代词的主格形式,可用反身代词, 表示照顾自己。例5 - _ book is
16、 this? - Its Yang Lings.A. Which B. Who C. Whose答案 C名师点拨 which 意为哪一个, who 意为谁, whose 意为谁的。由答句得知问题是就物品的所属进行提问的, 因此应选择whose。 例6 These apples arent good. Lets buy some good _.A. one B. ones C. a答案 B 名师点拨句中的apples为复数名词, 要用表示复数的不定代词 ones 来代替。练习一、按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。 1. her（人称代词主格）_ 2. our（人称代词宾格）_ 3. I（形容词性物主
17、代词）_4. he（名词性物主代词）_5. we（人称代词宾格）_ 6. they（形容词性物主代词）_ 7. yours（人称代词宾格）_ 8. me（名词性物主代词） _9. she（名词性物主代词） _ 10. it（形容词性物主代词） _二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Do you know _（it） name?2. Its very dirty. Let _（we） clean the room.3. Can you help _（I）do the housework.4. Those _（child）are _（they）fathers students.5. _（she）n
18、ame is Ann. She is good at English.6. John, please pass _（I）the glasses. I want to read the history book.7. This is not Marys pencil-box. _（she）is in the desk.8. - Who taught your brother to surf? -Nobody. He learnt all by _（he）.9. Many trees are planted in _（we）country every year. It makes the envi
19、ronment of this country better and better.三、单项选择。（）1.Look at the carrots._ fresh.A. Its B. Its C. Theyre（）2. That is _ watch. _ colour is blue.A. Toms ; Its B.Toms ; Its C. Tom ; Its（）3. There are some shoes over there. The old _ are Mikes.A. one B. ones C. them（）4. - What colour is _ dress? - Its y
20、ellow.A. your B. you C. yours（）5. - How old is _? - _is twelve.A. she ; Her B. she ; She C. her ; She（）6. _ pencil-box is beautiful,but _ is more beautiful than _.A. Toms ; my ; he B. Toms ; mine ; his C. Toms ; mine ; him（）7.-Is there a bus to the zoo?-Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo.A. no B. any
21、 C. some（）8. These boys were all very tired,but _ of them would stop to take a rest.A. any B. some C. none（）9. _ are good friends.A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I（）10. - Whos that? - Its_.A. I B. me C. my（）11. My father sings well. So do _.A. I B. me C. my（）12.Dont forget to wash _
22、 hands before dinner.A. you B. yours C. your（）13. He is a lonely old man. He has _ friends.A. little B. a little C. few（）14. - Nancy, where are your shoes? - I dont know. I cant find _.A. them B. it C. they（）15. That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand?A. another B. other C. the o
23、ther四、用适当的代词填空。1. We have two new friends._ names are Sam and Tim.2. The students are cleaning the classroom.Their teacher is with _.3. - _are you doing? -Im doing _ homework.4. _dress is that? -Its mine.5. _do you like better, this one or that one?6. - _are you from? -Im from Shanghai.7. Wang Bo do
24、esnt have an umbrella. Please give _ to him.8. Jack is ill. These apples are for _.9. - _is the man in the car? - Hes my uncle.10. She is hungry, but she has a little bread. Please give _ some more.五、根据中文提示，完成下列句子。1.Which story is better, _（你的）or _（他的）?2. _（我们的英语老师）is very kind.3. These Chinese pict
25、ures are _（格林先生的）.4. I have a cat. _（它的）name is Mimi.5. Look at _（那幅画）on the wall.答案一、 1. she 2. us 3. my 4. his 5. us 6. their 7. you 8. mine 9. hers 10. its二、 1. its 2. us 3. me 4. children ; their 5. Her 6. me 7. Hers 8. himself 9. our三、 C A B A B B C C C B A C C A C四、 1. Their 2. them 3. What ; my 4. Whose 5. Which 6. Where 7. one 8. him 9. Who 10. her 五、 1. yours his 2. Our English teacher 3. Mr. Greens 4. Its 5. that picture
