1、高考英语一轮复习课件新 课 标 版人 民 教 育 出 版 社高考一轮总复习专题四 阅读理解专题学案1 细节理解题题 型 概 括阅读理解考查的主要题型有：细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断和词义猜测。另外,近几年还出现了一些新的题型,如七选五、任务型阅读理解等。细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题。要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。一般包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。细节理解题主要设问的方式有：第三编 高 考 专 题(1)Which of the following statements is True(Not True)?(2)Which
2、 of the questions has not been mentioned(or discussed)in the passage?(3)What is the reason that.?(4)What do we know about.?(5)How did the people know the couples problem?(6)Why was the bike so important to the couple?考点1 直接信息题考点精讲在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问。考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运
3、用略读的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定最佳答案。高考一轮总复习典例剖析Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rackeven if you are only away for a minute.Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety.Its fast,easy,and free.Registration permanently records y
4、our serial number,which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.2012天津卷A篇36.Registration of your bicycle may help you_.A.find your stolen bicycleB.get your serial numberC.receive free repair servicesD.settle conflicts with walkers剖析 直接信息题。根据文中“.which is useful in the possible recovery
5、of the bike stolen.”可知选A。第三编 高 考 专 题对应训练1.Barditch High School decided to have an All-School Reunion.Over 450 people came to the event.There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park.Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.Ms.Mabel Yates,t
6、he English teacher for over fifty years,was wheeled to the Park.2012天津卷B篇What activity was organized for the school reunion?_A.Sightseeing in the park.B.A picnic on the school playground.C.Telling stories about past events.D.Graduates reports in the old building.C高考一轮总复习考点2 间接信息题考点精讲此类细节理解题通常采用词语和句型
7、转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”等手法来迷惑考生。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。典例剖析On occasion,I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas.Becau
8、se I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in第三编 高 考 专 题the classroom,I have a ruleno laptops,iPads,phones,etc.When students were told my rule in advance of the class,some of them were not happy.2011北京卷 Some of the students in the history class were
9、unhappy with _.A.the course materialB.others misuse of technologyC.discussion topicsD.the authors class regulations剖析 间接信息题。根据文章中的I have a ruleno laptops,iPads,phones,etc.some of them were not happy.可知答案为D项。在这里我们需要把“rule”以及后面的some of them were not happy进行转换。高考一轮总复习对应训练2.To us,the most important deci
10、sion youll make is to choose the school that really fits you bestnot the one that is the most competitive(有竞争力的)or has the best equipped rooms.The author thinks you should choose the college that is_.A.well equipped B.competitiveC.suitable D.famous考点3 数字计算题考点精讲数字计算题是在文章中直接表现出细节事实,有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答
11、案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。C第三编 高 考 专 题典例剖析.According to the Coalitions studies,of over two hundred million people living in the United States,up to three million are homelessand the number is still growing.2011辽宁卷D篇 How many people are homeless in the
12、U.S.according to the Coalitions studies?_A.39%of the population.B.200 million people.C.About 3 million people.D.About one-fifth of the population.剖析 细节理解题。根据文中“.up to three million are homeless.”可知,文中信息与C项一致。高考一轮总复习对应训练3.Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares WorldOPENING TIMES:20 Ma
13、r.to 19 Oct.Mon to Sat:9:00 am to 5:00 pmSun:9:30 am to 5:00 pm20 Oct to 19 MarMon to Sat:9:30 am to 4:00 pmSun:10:00 am to 4:00 pmADMISSION:Adult 4.90Child 2.20Family 12.0(2 adults+up to 3 children)第三编 高 考 专 题How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?_ 2010宁夏海南卷A.$9.8
14、0.B.$12.00.C.$14.20.D.$16.40.考点4 排列顺序题考点精讲这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。典例剖析The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets
15、the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.B高考一轮总复习The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.2011山东卷D篇Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?_A.scalp computer cap wheelch
16、airB.computer cap scalp wheelchairC.scalp cap computer wheelchairD.cap computer scalp wheelchair剖析 细节理解题。根据文中This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.可知这种特殊的帽子接受来自头皮的指令,然后传达给计算机,最后把指令
17、传给轮椅。故选C项。第三编 高 考 专 题对应训练4.Vladivostok Daily News,the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon,said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours,and made no response to the crewmens cries for help,the repo
18、rt said.Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats,Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat.While the other,carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian,was swallowed by waves.高考一轮总复习Which is the right order of the ship sinking?_a.New Star overturned and started sinking.b.One lifeboat was swallowed b
19、y waves.c.Russian warship fired upon New Star.d.Sailors boarded two life boats.A.acbd B.bacdC.cadb D.dcab 返回目录继续C第三编 高 考 专 题学案2 主旨大意题题 型 概 括主旨大意题主要测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解,在快速阅读中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主旨、标题或目的设题。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。“主题句定位法”是一
20、种行之有效的方法。主旨大意题常见的出题形式：高考一轮总复习The main idea/key point of this passage is that_.The passage is mainly about_.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?_The best title/headline for this passage is_.Which of the following i
21、s the best title?_What would be the best title for the text?_The title that best expresses the idea of this passage is _.考点1 根据主题句,确定主旨大意考点精讲(1)主题句在开头。主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义、点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一第三编 高 考 专 题开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨,而支撑句常伴有 for example/i.e./that is/first/second/finally/once/another time/for one thin
22、g等词。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文、科技文献等大都采用这种格式,即先总述,后分述的叙事方法。(2)主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳,画龙点睛的作用,多伴有so/therefore/thus/in short/as a result/that is why等词。(3)主题句在段落中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。高考一轮总复习(4)无主题句有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题,这就要求
23、考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意。典例剖析(1)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one person against another;that it leads to unfr
24、iendly relationship between people.2008重庆卷E篇第三编 高 考 专 题71.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D.Failures are necessary experience in compet
25、ition.剖析 文中第一句便提出了中心论点。故选B项。(2)My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect,no matter who I think they are,and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.2010年重庆卷A篇59.What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A.We should learn to be g
26、enerous.B.It is honorable to help those in need.C.People in high positions are not like what we expect.D.We should avoid judging people by their appearances.高考一轮总复习剖析 主旨大意题。该文主题句在篇末。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect,no matter who I think they are,and to meet another human being with k
27、indness and sincerity.可知,作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。对应训练1.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official rep
28、ort on youth violence,“In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of第三编 高 考 专 题violence”.Given that this is the case,why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to sol
29、ve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?2012浙江卷C篇This article is mainly about_.A.the lives of school childrenB.the cause of arguments in schoolsC.how to analyze youth violenceD.how to deal with school conflicts2.On the Internet,we can read news at home and abroad and get as much informati
30、on as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.Whats more,we can go to school on the net,read a lot of books and evenD高考一轮总复习teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music,watch ball matches on the net and play computer games.W
31、ith the help of the net,we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.Whats the main idea of the passage?_A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.C.The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D.We can e
32、ntertain ourselves on the Internet.3.The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year,but generally takes place in November orC第三编 高 考 专 题December.It is well attended by tourists,but even better attended by locals.During the op
33、ening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemansh
34、ip.One following another,groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand,a group of women in long dark dre
35、sses高考一轮总复习dance with their hair:their long,dark,shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.2008江苏卷C篇This passage mainly tells readers_.A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalB.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC.what takes pl
36、ace at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalD.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara FestivalA第三编 高 考 专 题考点2 文章标题题考点精讲标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组,短小明了,涵盖性强。做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息,是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们解题时要反复推敲,把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。典例剖析Too much TV-watch
37、ing can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree,new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.2010辽宁卷C篇高考一轮总复习67.What would be the best title for this text?A.Computers or TelevisionB.Effects of Television o
38、n ChildrenC.Studies on TV and College EducationD.Television and Childrens Learning Habits剖析 主旨大意题。该文主题句在篇首。通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以B项作为标题是最佳的。对应训练4.If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of can
39、dles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.第三编 高 考 专 题.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades,the Chinese studies pro
40、grams have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art,history and philosophy(哲学).S
41、ome social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the高考一轮总复习drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal p
42、ower with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Ch
43、inese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.2012辽宁卷C篇第三编 高 考 专 题What is the best title for the passage?_A.Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB.Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC.Chinese Culture for WesternersD.Old Thinker with
44、a Big Future返回目录继续D高考一轮总复习学案3 推理判断题题 型 概 括推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。做这类题时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时,问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推断,暗指)等词。推理判断题的常见提问形式：第三编 高 考 专 题(1)It can be inferred from the tex
45、t that_.(2)From the text we know that_.(3)The story implies that_.(4)The writers attitude toward.is_.(5)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.(6)We may conclude from the passage that_.(7)The tone of the passage is_.考点1 细节推断题考点精讲要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息
46、,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。高考一轮总复习典例剖析Peters died in 1984,and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.2012山东卷C篇71.What can we learn about Amos Peters?_A.He is remembered for his love of animals.B.He donated$1,000 to build the brid
47、ge.C.He was a member of the City Council.D.He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.剖析 推理判断题。根据.a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.可以推断,Peters因为爱动物,倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住,故选A项。第三编 高 考 专 题考点2 因果推断题考点精讲要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的
48、可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。典例剖析.Although our situation was very bad,its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought,“We didnt have a straw hut(茅草房)that was swept away,and our house is still st
49、anding.Were lucky.”.2009四川卷B篇高考一轮总复习47.Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph?_A.Because her situation was not serious.B.Because many other places were flooded.C.Because she had been to Northern India.D.Because some others suffered even more.剖析 推理判断题。作者提到I watched a news
50、 report about floods in Northern India and thought,“We didnt have a straw hut(茅草房)that was swept away,and our house is still standing.Were lucky.”,从这两句话可以推断出作者说他们是幸运的原因了,故选D项。第三编 高 考 专 题考点3 人物性格、态度及观点判断题考点精讲此题型考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己
51、的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词,并能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。典例剖析At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered,with anxiety and worry in every line of his face.This meeting would decide his future life,and he obviously高考一轮总复习knew it.“You ma
52、y wonder,Sir Percival,”said Laura calmly,“if I am going to ask to be released(免除)from my promise to marry you.I am not going to ask this.I respect my fathers wishes too much.”His face relaxed a little,but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.2012福建卷C篇60.How did Percival feel during his meeting wi
53、th Laura?A.Angry.B.Calm.C.Nervous.D.Excited.剖析 推理判断题。根据His face relaxed a little,but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.可知当时Percival看到Laura的时候非常的紧张nervous。故选C项。第三编 高 考 专 题考点4 组织结构题考点精讲此类题目要求考生判断作者的写作手法以及文章的后续内容或延伸意义。做判断作者的写作手法的题目时,考生应该结合篇章的结构去判断；做判断文章的后续内容或延伸意义的题目时,考生需要根据文章内容进行合理的推测。典例剖析Mailbox
54、es were sometimes used for things other than mail.One note left in a mailbox read,“Nat,take these eggs to Marian;shes baking a cake and doesnt have any eggs.”Mailboxes might be buried in the snow,or broken,or lying on the groom,but the mail was always delivered.On cold days Dad might find one of his
55、高考一轮总复习customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate.A young girl wrote letters but had no stamps,so she left a few buttons on the envelope in the mailbox;Dad paid for the stamps.One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank.Once,the amount ca
56、me to 832,000.2012浙江卷D篇58.The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is _.A.offering analyses B.providing explanationsC.giving examples D.making comparisons剖析 推理判断题。根据整体理解,可知本段主要用了举例的写作手段,故答案C符合文意。第三编 高 考 专 题考点5 写作意图推测题考点精讲此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观
57、地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。典例剖析The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.2012山东卷A篇高考一轮总复习56.What m
58、ight be the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To seek help for Naurus problems.B.To give a warning to other countries.C.To show the importance of money.D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.剖析 写作意图题。根据Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from i
59、ts mistakes.一句可知,作者认为瑙鲁的故事可以让其他国家从他们的错误中学到一些东西,作者的目的是警示其他国家,故选B项。第三编 高 考 专 题1.Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was
60、running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.2012山东卷A篇高考一轮总复习What can we learn about Nauru from t
61、he last paragraph?A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B.The leaders will take the experts words seriously.C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D.The phosphate mines were destroyed.2.Minor died in 1920,seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was complete
62、d.The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words,and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.2012山东卷B篇Which of the following best describe Dr.Minor?_A.Brave and determined.B.Cautious and friendly.C.Considerate and optimistic.D.Unusual and scholarly.AD第三编 高 考 专 题3.
63、Christmas was coming.“Dont expect any presents this year.”Dad said,pointing at the socks I hung in the living room.“If your baby brother lives,thatll be Christmas enough.”As he spoke,his eyes filled with tears.Id never seen him cry before.2012重庆卷A篇Which word can best describe the feeling of the fath
64、er when Christmas was coming?_A.Excitement.B.Happiness.C.Sadness.D.Disappointment.返回目录继续C高考一轮总复习学案4 词义猜测题题 型 概 括词义猜测题要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义或推测代词的指代意义,它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时,考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意,理顺相关句子的逻辑关系,而且还要学会合理变通,尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。该类题常见的考查形式有：(1)The phrase“.”in the sentence could be replaced by
65、_.(2)The word“.”in the paragraph refers to_.第三编 高 考 专 题(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean?_(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“.”?_(5)The word“.”most nearly means_.考点1 利用构词法猜测词义考点精讲阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
66、掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable这个词,可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see 是词根,fore是“先,前,预”的含义,un是否定,able是“能的,可的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。高考一轮总复习典例剖析Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important o
67、f course.However,being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that over-consumptionin the greenest way possible,but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.2010山东卷B篇61.What does t
68、he underlined phrase“over-consumption”refer to?A.Using too much packaging.B.Recycling too many wastes.C.Making more products than necessary.D.Having more material than is needed.第三编 高 考 专 题剖析 根据构词法可知,over表示“过分”的意思,consumption是名词,表示“消费,消费量”,所以over-consumption的意思是“过度消费”,故选D项。另外,根据“However,being forced
69、 to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.”也可猜出答案。对应训练1.The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time.It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places.But on a pleasant sunny summer day,this very isolation has a natural beauty
70、 that many people will love to experience.2008重庆卷D篇The underlined phrase“out-of-the-way”in this Paragraph 4 means_.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secretA高考一轮总复习考点2 通过同义、近义或反义关系猜测词义。考点精讲在生词所在的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similarly等。作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息,从而表明一个词与
71、前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有:but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/compared to/on the contrary/on the other hand等。典例剖析The house looked quite normal outside,but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display.第三编 高 考 专 题Which of the d
72、efinitions is closest in meaning to the word“exotic”in the sentence?A.Messy and untidy.B.Common and expensive.C.Comfortable and calming.D.Foreign and unusual.剖析 由but引导的前后句可知,exotic与 quite normal(相当平常的)在意义上是相反的,因此选择D项 Foreign and unusual(异乎寻常的)。对应训练2.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle
73、;it can be a basket of fun.高考一轮总复习What does the underlined word“hassle”probably mean?_A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.考点3 根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义考点精讲有些生词的词义在下文中得到解释和说明。这种解释有时以定语从句或同位语从句的形式出现,有时用逗号、破折号、括
74、号等标点符号引出,有时用or,that is,that is to say,in other words,namely,such as,like,in another word等词引出,或以表语形式出现。通过这些解释和注释,我们可以推断出词的含义。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。C第三编 高 考 专 题典例剖析A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,t
75、hey obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means_.A.studentsB.people who watch a playC.people who act on the stageD.people who listen to something剖析 根据下面的解释“they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,
76、they say so.”可以推知这里的“audience”是“学生”,故选A项。高考一轮总复习对应训练3.George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it.He makes his case in a new book,Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise.Here he explains himself(using his indoor voice)：“Weve become so accustomed to noise,theres almost a deep prejudice
77、 against the idea that silence might be beneficial.If you tell someone to be quiet,you sound like an old man.But its never been more important to find continuing quiet.Silence focuses us,improves our health,and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”What does the phrase“to put a sock in it”in P
78、aragraph 1 probably mean?_A.To be quiet.B.To be colorful.C.To be full of love.D.To be attentive to someone.A第三编 高 考 专 题考点4 根据上下文因果关系等猜测词义考点精讲英语中常见的表示因果关系的词有：as a result,for,thus,because,for this reason,so,since,consequently,so that,so/such.that 等。典例剖析I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car
79、,so this was the first time I was on a train.I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought a dozen magazines to read and reread.2010全国卷E篇73.Which of following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in this paragraph?A.Choose.B.Enjoy.C.Prepare for.D.Carry on.高考一轮总复习剖析
80、 根据语境,画线单词所在的句意为“我不是特别乘火车长途旅行,于是带了一些杂志反复地读,消磨时间。”前面是原因,后面是结果,由此可知“relish”意为“喜欢”,与enjoy同义。故答案为B项。对应训练4.When some kind of pain killer(止疼药)was brought out recently,researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.Eventually,it came on th
81、e market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe,and white as calm.第三编 高 考 专 题The underlined part“the colors turned the customers off”(in Para.3)means that the colors_.A.had weak effects on the customersB.tricked the customers into shoppingC.caused the customers to lose
82、interestD.attracted the customers strongly考点5 利用上下文语境猜测词义考点精讲任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析从而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。C高考一轮总复习典例剖析.They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible.2012辽宁卷B篇60.What does the
83、word“minic”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Find.B.Copy.C.Change.D.Lose.剖析 词义猜测题。根据“They work five days on and two days off”和“the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible”可知,这和在地球上的工作时间一致,所以这样做的目的是尽可能地模仿地球上的正常生活,所以选B。第三编 高 考 专 题对应训练5.Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will
84、 get a TV over the next five years.In 2005,after the fall of Taliban,which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one.The global total is another 150 million by 2013 pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.The underlined word“outlawed”in Paragraph 2 probably means“_”.A.allowed B.banned
85、 C.offered D.refusedB高考一轮总复习 One morning,however,I found its bed empty.My doll was gone！I cried for it.Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital.It had a fever.For several days,I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as“hopeless”,“pitiful”,and“dying”,which sounded
86、 ominous.What does the underlined word“ominous”in this probably mean？_A.Impossible.B.Boring.C.Difficult.D.Fearful.返回目录继续D第三编 高 考 专 题学案5 7 选 5题 型 概 括该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。该题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。考
87、点精讲该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。高考一轮总复习其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。解题步骤：(1)通读全文,了解文章大意。(2)通读答案,找出和文章相对应的关键词。(3)根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,将选项填入文中。(4)将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。(5)研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案。解题策略：1.如果问题设在段首第三编 高 考 专 题(1)通常是段落的
88、主题句。认真阅读下文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句(2)与下文是并列,转折,因果关系等。着重阅读下文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2.如果问题设在段尾(1)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。高考一轮总复习(2)通常是结论,概括性语句注意在选项中查找表示结果结论,总结等的信号词,如t
89、herefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等词语,选项中也可发现上文的同义词句。(3)与上文是转折或对比关系此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与上文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(4)与上文是并列或排比关系在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与上文类似的句式结构,或出第三编 高 考 专 题现同义词等其他线索。(5)所选答案是引出下一段
90、的内容如果在选项中找不出与上文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案应有这样的特征词。3.如果问题是一整个自然段(1)这个段落应该是承上启下,而且自成一体,即有一个段落的中心,因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项,以此类推直至找到正确答案。高考一轮总复习(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索,而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头,因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为
91、重要。(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性,注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文,如果前后内容连贯,符合逻辑,就能得出正确答案。典例剖析根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2011辽宁卷Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing.71_ Read on for s
92、ome techniques worth trying.1.72_第三编 高 考 专 题 People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease(早老性痴呆症),according to a recent study.73_ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.Th
93、eres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better.In other words,keep your brain looking forward.2.Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖)levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity ca
94、n help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.74_高考一轮总复习3.Learn something new.Take a Spanish class online,join a drawing club,or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation(刺激)limits the weakening effects of aging on mem
95、ory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.75_ Or go dancing with your friends.A.Focus on the future.B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.C.It should be something like learning gardening.D.So take a few minute
96、s each day to do some reading.E.But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-changing events.第三编 高 考 专 题F.Luckily,research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.剖析 每个人都很健忘,但是随着年龄的增长,我们的大脑开始反应缓慢,这是件
97、令人烦恼的事。本文针对此问题向大家介绍了三种简单易行的方法来帮助人们减缓健忘的症状。本文为说明文。71.根据此空格前后内容可知答案为F。正因为上文中讲述的这种问题的出现,所以此处话锋一转,提出解决的方法,引出本文的话题。72.此处是段落小标题。根据下文整个一段的内容,特别是最后一句话“In other words,keep your brain looking forward.”可知答案为A。高考一轮总复习73.此处上一句是一项研究结果,下一句是列举的具体事例,所以此处属于过渡句,如果你的计划表上没有填满改变生活的事件,也不用担心。故答案为E。74.本段围绕“Go for a walk.”展开
98、议论,说明了锻炼对大脑的好处,故此处答案为G。换句话说,当你照看好你的身体的时候,也就照看好了你的大脑。75.根据上文“But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new”可知答案为C。对应训练根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2012年新课标全国卷Kids health:Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time.71 _ Some ways C.Different
99、 people feel stress in different ways.第三编 高 考 专 题of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedont solve(解决)much.But other ways,like talking to someone you trust,can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Ge
100、t support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives.72_ They might have had similar problems,such as dealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Dont take it out on yourself Sometimes when kids are stressed and
101、upset they take.F.And dont forget about your friends.高考一轮总复习it out on themselves.Oh,dear,thats not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you Dont take it out on yourself 73_ (3)Try to solve the problem.After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends,its time to get
102、down to business.74_Even if you cant solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic,but they do work.And if you can stay positive as
103、you make your way through a tough A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.第三编 高 考 专 题time,youll help yourself feel better even faster.75_A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.C.Different people feel stress in different ways.D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.G.Then,find a way to calm down.返回目录继续 D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.
