1、课前自主学习课堂互动探究Famous women scientistsModule 4 Great Scientists课前自主学习课堂互动探究Throughout history，many women scientists have made great achievements in the subjects of mathematics，health，astronomy and chemistry as well as many others.Here are some famous women scientists who made huge advancements in their
2、 respective fields.Trotula of Salerno课前自主学习课堂互动探究One of the earliest known female scientists was a physician known as Trotula of Salerno.Known for teaching men about womens health，the books she wrote were used by physicians for hundreds of years，the most notable of which was The Diseases of Women.Tr
3、otula suggested that in addition to women，men suffered from fertility(生育能力)issues，a theory that at the time，was considered controversial.She also promoted the use of opiates(麻醉剂)during childbirth to reduce the pain of labor，an idea that went against the churchs belief that women should suffer the pa
4、in of childbirth without medication.Trotula was an important figure in the understanding of womens health.课前自主学习课堂互动探究Marie CurieMarie Curie is a wellknown name among society and one of the most famous women scientists.She lived from 1867 to 1934 in Poland and France and attended the Sorbonne where
5、she received a chemists license in physics and mathematical sciences.Curie，along with her husband Pierre，is most famous for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium.She won a Nobel Prize for this.Furthermore，Curie made a discovery which paved the way for cancer therapy(治疗)课前自主学习课堂互动探究Rachel
6、 CarsonRachel Carson was born in 1907 and died in 1964.Carson was an important environmentalist who was largely responsible for making society aware of the effects of DDT on crops and water systems.She was one of the Top Twenty Most Influential Scientists and Thinkers for the Twentieth Century.Her b
7、ooks still sell well worldwide.课前自主学习课堂互动探究Rachel ZimmermanRachel Zimmerman from Ontario，Canada is the inventor of the Blissymbol Printer，a device that allows nonspeaking people like cerebral palsy(大脑性麻痹)，to communicate.The program user points to various symbols on a main page board with a special p
8、ad.When the user touches the symbols，the Blissymbol Printer translates them into a written language and the user can then communicate via email.This amazing invention is providing nonspeakingpeople with a voice of their own.课前自主学习课堂互动探究1佳句仿写爸爸送给我许多书作为生日礼物，这些书大部分都是最近出版的。(名词短语of which引导定语从句)_经过多年的艰苦工作
9、，他们发现了那种发出蓝光的物体。(which引导定语从句，作主语)_老师让我们每天写一篇作文。(make后接动词原形做宾补)_答案 Dad gave me many books as my birthday presents，most of which were published recently.After years hard work，they found the subject which gave out blue light.The teacher made us write a composition every day.课前自主学习课堂互动探究2翻译佳句，放眼高考She al
10、so promoted the use of opiates(麻醉剂)during childbirth to reduce the pain of labor，an idea that went against the churchs belief that women should suffer the pain of childbirth without medication._答案 她还提倡在生小孩时使用麻醉剂以减轻分娩的疼痛，这与当时教会所信奉的妇女不应使用药物而是要承受生小孩的痛苦的观点是相违背的。课前自主学习课堂互动探究.单词识记1_ n生物学2_adj.主要的；重要的3_vt.
11、教育4_n(动物或植物的)种5_adj.原来的；最初的6_n产量7_vt.出口Module 4 Great Scientists Period One Introduction,Readingand Vocabulary课件（外研版必修4，天津专用）课前自主学习课堂互动探究8_n数量9figure n_10agriculture n_11yield n_12convert vt._13replace vt._14quality n_15hybrid n_答案 1.biology2.staple3.educate4.species5.original6.production7.export8.q
12、uantity9.人物 10.农业11.产量 12.改变；转换13.取代；以代替14质量 15.杂交种课前自主学习课堂互动探究.短语天地1_抚养；养育；教育2_由于原因3the structure of substances_4the key to doing sth_5search for_答案1.bring up2.as a result of3.物质结构4做的方法 5.寻找；搜索课前自主学习课堂互动探究.句型搜索1He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop br
13、eeding.信息提取 句中as用作介词，意为“作为”，引导介词短语作状语。例句仿写 作为新手，我不得不比别人更加努力地工作。_，I have to work harder than others.答案As a freshman课前自主学习课堂互动探究2He thought there was only one way to do thisby crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of
14、the original plants.信息提取 句中way后接动词不定式作后置定语；way作“方式；方法”讲时，其后还可接of短语和定语从句作定语。例句仿写对不起，但恐怕我没有别的办法帮你。Im sorry.But Im afraid there is _.答案no other way to help you课前自主学习课堂互动探究3As a result of Yuan Longpings discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990s.信息提取 句中as a result of意为“作为.的结果”
15、，引导结果状语。例句仿写 由于她的粗心，我们不得不从头再来。_，we had to do from the very beginning.答案As a result of her carelessness课前自主学习课堂互动探究.预读理解1Why was Yuan given the nickname“the student who asks questions？”ABecause he was stupid.BBecause he did not learn well in the class.CBecause he was curious about the lessons and wan
16、ted to learn more.DBecause he learned more questions.课前自主学习课堂互动探究2When did he begin experiments in crop breeding?AWhen he was in college.BWhen he was a young teacher.CWhen he was supported by the government.DIn 1970.3How could he manage to produce more rice quickly?ABy crossing different species of
17、rice plant.BBy planting more rice.CBy bringing in rice from other countries.DBy doing more experiments.课前自主学习课堂互动探究4Which reason is not TRUE for Yuans success?AResearchers were brought in from all over China to help him.BHe was supported by the government.CYuan worked very hard.DHe wanted to get mor
18、e money from the experiments.5What is the advantage of Yuans discovery?AChinese rice production rose by 45.7 percent.BMany rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.CBoth A and B.DIt is not mentioned in the text.答案1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B课前自主学习课堂互动探究1producer nC生产者；制造者The firm is
19、Britains main producer of electronic equipment.该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家。The producers of the radios could not find a market for them.这些收音机制造厂产品打不开销路。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳拓展】(1)produce n产品；农产品；v.生产，出产；创作；制造product n产品，制品，结果production n生产；产量(2)辨析：produce/product/productionproduce作名词指农产品，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛等。product多指工业产品。pr
20、oduction指生产或产量。课前自主学习课堂互动探究用produce，product，production的适当形式填空A_with a strong brand name is very important for good sales.The_of consumer goods has increased throughout the world.As we all know，Canada_highquality wheat.答案productproductionproduces课前自主学习课堂互动探究2leading adj.领导的，指导的，主要的She was one of the
21、leading writers of her day.她是那个时代最重要的作家之一。leading positions领导职务the leading members of the committee委员会的主要成员课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳拓展】lead v领导，率领，指挥；n.领导；领先地位Uplay a leading role in sth在某事中起主要作用lead the way带路；示范lead to通到；导致This road leads to the hotel.这条路通到旅馆。Smoking can lead to lung cancer.抽烟可能导致肺癌。课前自主学习课堂
22、互动探究【完成句子】他对问题的解决起主要作用。He_in solving the problem.他带领我们进了场地。He_the grounds.答案played a leading partled us into课前自主学习课堂互动探究3figure(1)n.图形，数字，形状；人物，外形，体形I saw a figure in the darkness.我看到暗处有一个人影。She has an attractive figure.她有迷人的身材。He has become a figure known to everyone.他已成了一个知名人物。Where did you get th
23、ose figures?你从哪儿得到那些数字的？(2)v.演算，认为Please help me to figure out my income tax.请帮我算一下我的所得税。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳拓展】figure out算出；了解figure on计划，指望【单项填空】The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to_its reality.Amake upBfigure outClook throughDput off解析句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间
24、来弄清楚它的实际情况。make up“组成，化妆；编造”；figure out“理解；弄清楚”；look through“浏览”；put off“推迟”。答案 B课前自主学习课堂互动探究4species n(单复同形)物种，种类We should do our best to save endangered species.我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的生物。a species of animal一种动物【归纳拓展】单复数同形的名词还有：sheep绵羊 deer鹿 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 works工厂 series系列 remains剩余物，遗物 means方法，手段课
25、前自主学习课堂互动探究【翻译句子】每种可能的办法都已试过了。_这家化工厂已关闭。_答案Every possible means has been tried.This chemical works is closed.课前自主学习课堂互动探究5breakthrough n突破Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplan?外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。【归纳拓展】make a breakthrough取得重大突破break through突破，突围；克服，战胜【翻译句子】他们在基因学方面取得重大突破。_答案
26、They made a great breakthrough in genetics.课前自主学习课堂互动探究6support(1)v.支持；支撑；资助；维持；供养；养活These posts support the roof.这些柱子支撑着房顶。She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching.她用教书挣的钱资助丈夫。He has a large family to support.他要抚养一大家人。(2)n.U支持；拥护；供养We need your support.我们需要你们的支持。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳
27、拓展】(1)support sb in sth在方面支持某人support a proposal/ban/reform拥护一项提议/禁令/改革support ones family养家糊口(2)Come to ones support来支持某人in support of.支持课前自主学习课堂互动探究【翻译句子】你支持哪个足球队？_为了支持你我写了一篇文章。_答案Which football team do you support?I wrote an article in support of you.课前自主学习课堂互动探究7export(1)vt.&vi.输出；出口；传播India exp
28、orts tea and cotton to many countries.印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花。(2)n.输出；出口；输出品；出口物Wool is one of the chief exports of Australia.羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口货物之一。【归纳拓展】exportation n输出；出口import vt.&n进口；输入课前自主学习课堂互动探究【翻译句子】中国向许多其他国家和地区出口货物。_答案China exports goods to many other countries and regions.课前自主学习课堂互动探究8replace v把放回；以代替；取
29、代；归还She replaced the receiver.她将听筒放了回去。Electric lights have replaced candles.电灯已经取代了蜡烛。I will replace the cup I broke with a new one.我愿用一个新杯子赔偿我打碎的。【归纳拓展】replace.with/by.用代替/替换replace sbin sbs placetake sbs placetake the place of sbin place of sb代替某人课前自主学习课堂互动探究【翻译句子】他代替我出席了会议。_答案He replaced me to a
30、ttend the meeting./He attended the meeting in place of me.课前自主学习课堂互动探究1bring up培养，养育；呕吐；提出She was well brought up.她受过良好的教育。I was brought up by my aunt.我是由姑姑养大的。Martin brought up what he ate in the morning.马丁把早上吃的东西都吐了出来。Please bring up your plan at the meeting.请在会上提出你的计划。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳拓展】bring abou
31、t使发生，导致bring in提出；引入；赚钱bring forward提出bring out阐明；使显现；出版bring back使想起；把带回bring down使减少；降低；击败课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】This is the place where the writer was born and_Abrought out Bgrown upCraising Dbrought up解析 句意：这是这位作家出生和(被抚养)长大的地方。bring up养育；bring out阐明，出版；grow up长大；raise举起，饲养。根据句意可知应选D。答案D课前自主学习课堂互动探究Pr
32、actising Chinese kung fu can not only_ones strength，but also develop ones character.Abring up Btake upCbuild up Dpull up解析 句意：练习中国功夫不仅能够增强人的体质，而且还能培养人的性格。bring up抚养，呕吐；take up占去，拿去；build up增强；pull up停车。答案C课前自主学习课堂互动探究2as a result of由于的结果He had to stay at home as a result of a headache.由于头疼，他不得不待在家里。
33、【归纳拓展】(1)as a result因此，结果without result毫无结果result in导致，造成后果result from由引起，因产生课前自主学习课堂互动探究(2)as a result of/as a resultas a result of是一个介词短语，意为“由于，因为”，后面通常接名词或动名词。We had to put off the camping as a result of the heavy rain.因为这场大雨，我们只好把野营推迟了。as a result是一个副词短语，意为“因此，结果”，后面通常接句子。It doesnt often rain in
34、 the summer here.As a result，we have to water the vegetable garden.这儿的夏天不常下雨，因此我们不得不给菜园浇水。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】用result相关短语的适当形式填空Hard work will _ success.Over the past decades，sea ice has decreased in the Arctic _ global warming.He didnt work hard;_，he failed his exam.Her blindness of both eyes _ a tra
35、ffic accident.答 案result inas a result ofas a resultresulted from课前自主学习课堂互动探究3search for寻找；搜寻Many people were sent out to search for the lost boy.派出了很多人去寻找那个失踪的男孩。Hundreds of policemen searched Mount Tai for the three tigers.几百名警察搜索泰山，寻找那三只老虎。【归纳拓展】search for sb/sth寻找某人/某物search sb/sp.搜查某人/某地search a
36、fter寻找；追求search ones memory苦思良久in search of寻找课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】The police with dogs are_the woods_thethief.Asearching；for Bin search；forCsearching；to Din search；of解析 句意：警察正带着警犬在树林里搜寻窃贼。search sp.for sth搜查某个地方以找到某物。答案A课前自主学习课堂互动探究1He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to
37、 produce it more quickly.他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。课前自主学习课堂互动探究本句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是the key to feeding people，动词不定式短语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式，则动词不定式中的不定式符号to可以省略。The only thing that she wants to do now is(to)go for a holiday.现在她唯一想做的事就是
38、去度假。The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.邮递员的任务就是投递信件与报纸。The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】What we are going to do is_the matter immediately.Alook in to Bto look intoClooking into Dlooked into解析 不定式作表语时，如果前面的主语部分含有行为动词do的某种形式，也可以省去to。不定式作表语表示将来的内容，A
39、符合句意。答案A课前自主学习课堂互动探究2He thought there was only one way to do thisby crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的品种。本句中的way作“方式，方法”讲，动词不定式短语to do this作后置定语
40、。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【归纳拓展】way作“方式；方法”讲时，其后定语(从句)用法：(1)用动词不定式短语作后置定语：Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent diseases.科学家们正尽力寻找防止疾病的方法。(2)后接“of动名词短语”作后置定语：There are many ways of learning a language.学习一种语言有许多方法。(3)后跟定语从句。在定语从句中，引导词有三种选择：可用in which或that引导，也可不用引导词。You should do the work in the way(in whi
41、ch/that)I did it.你应当按照我做这件事的方法去做。课前自主学习课堂互动探究【单项填空】What way did you think of_rid of the flies?Ato get BgettingCbeing got Dto be getting解析 句意：你想到什么方法来驱赶苍蝇了吗？动词不定式短语to get rid of.在此作定语。答案A课前自主学习课堂互动探究That Austrian scientist spent many years of his life _the amazing ways_bees communicate with each other.Aresearching；that Bstudying；in whichCin researching；/Dall the above解析 句意：那位奥地利科学家花费了许多年时间研究蜜蜂彼此间传递信息的奇异方式。spend.(in)doing sth“花费时间做某事”，为固定结构；由句意可知，第一空用studying和researching均可；way作“方式”解时，其后的定语从句可用that或in which来引导，也可省略引导词。综上可知D项切题。答案D
