1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Module 3 Music Period Four Grammar：Adverbial clause of time The past perfect tense 课件（外研版必修2，课标通用）重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(2)while不能与表示瞬间性的动词连用。I was quite happy as/when I found my lost watch.当找到丢失的手表时，我真的很高兴。(3)as和while都可以与持续性动词连用，表示两个动作同时发生，但后者强调的是持续的全过程，前者强调的是动作的同时性。
2、因此把as译成“正当”或“与同时”；而把while译成“在过程中”或“在期间”。It often changes in speed and direction while it is moving.它在运动中经常改变速度和方向。It changes in speed and direction as it moves.它在运动时，改变了速度和方向。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(4)when和as都可以表示两个动作的先后顺序，而while却不能。When/As the clock struck six，Tom got up.当六点的钟声敲响的时候，汤姆起床了。(5)when可以作并列连词
3、表示“这时(突然)。”He was working on a design when his friend arrived.他正在搞设计，这时他的朋友到了。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地2.as soon as，immediately，directly，once，no sooner.than，hardly.when引导的时间状语从句，表示“一就”。I came directly I got your message.我一得到你的消息，就来了。Once you lose confidence，you wont be able to do the work well.一旦你失去信心，就不可能
4、把工作做好。Jack had no sooner seen me than he left the classroom.Jack had hardly seen me when he left the classroom.No sooner had Jack seen me than he left the classroom.Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.杰克一看见我就离开了教室。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地3till，until引导的时间状语从句We will stay here till/until it s
5、tops raining.我们将一直呆在这里直到雨停。主句有否定意义时，till/until含有before的意思，通常译为“直到才”。John did not announce the news till he was sure of it.约翰直到对这个消息确信无误时才宣布。not until放在句首时，主句的主语和谓语要倒置，表示加强语气。Not until Mary had heard that sound did she really get frightened.直到玛丽听到那个声音时，她才真正感到害怕。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地4since引导的时间状语从句It is
6、four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不住在北京有四年了。I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。It is five months since our boss left Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在“It is时间since从句”的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。重点语法精析解码书
7、面表达勤思巧学园地二、过去完成时1.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动词来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。The concert had already begun when I got there.我到达的时候，音乐会已经开始了。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地2表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。She said she had studied in that college.她说她在那所学院学习过。3.当一个由before，af
8、ter，as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作先后、紧接着发生时，由于这些连词本身已经说明两个动作发生的先后关系，因此从句和主句的谓语动词均可用一般过去时。He left the room after he(had)closed the window.他把窗户关上之后离开了房间。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地4.过 去 完 成 时 也 用 于 hardly.when.(刚 就)；no sooner.than.(刚就)等一些固定句型中。He had hardly arrived when it began to rain.他刚一到，天就开始下雨。He had no s
9、ooner gone to sleep than the door bell rang.他刚一入睡，门铃就响了。5.有些动词，如think，hope，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等，在用过去完成时态时，可以表示过去未实现的愿望和打算。They had wanted to help but couldnt get there in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地6在 It was the first time that句型结构中，that从句的动词常用过去完成时。It was the first time t
10、hat he had ever spoken to a foreigner.这是他第一次跟外国人讲话。【辨析】过去完成时与一般过去时的比较过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去的某时或某一动作相比较时才用。一般过去时表示的动作是过去发生的，与现在无关。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(1)在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿，打算；计划；想法；许诺等”时hope，mean，plan，want，promise，intend等谓语动词必须用过去完成时。I had planned to offer you some help in your sh
11、op，but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday.昨天我原本计划在你店里帮一些忙的，但是我妈妈突然生病了。He had meant to spend the important day with us last Sunday，but he was too busy then.上星期日他原本打算与我们一起度过这个重要的日子，可是他当时实在太忙了。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(2)如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。The teacher said that it
12、was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。My parents told me that I was born on May 16th,1986.我的父母告诉我说我是1986年5月16日出生的。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(3)如果两个动作紧接着发生时，常常不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中。After we said goodbye to the Smiths，we left their home.在我们和史密斯夫妇告别了之后，我们就离
13、开了他们家。Just before I left Guangzhou，I sent my friend an email.在离开广州前我给我的朋友发了一封电子邮件。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【完成句子】当火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。_ _ _ _ _，all the students were sleeping soundly.爸爸正在准备一个报告，而我在玩计算机游戏。Father was preparing a report _ _ _ _PC games.随着你长大，你会对自己了解得更好。_ _ _ _，you will know better about yourself.
14、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地我刚要离家，这时电话响了。I was about to leave my house_ _ _ _.一旦你记住，你就不会忘记。_，you will never forget it.我们原希望赶上7：00的火车，却发现那趟车已开走了。We _ _ _ catch the 7：00 train,but found it gone.刚坐下，车就开动了。Hardly _when the bus started.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地布莱克3年前离开了北京。Black _ _ 3 years ago.答案 When the fire broke outw
15、hile I was playingAs you grow olderwhen the phone rangOnce you remember ithad hoped tohad we been seatedleft Beijing重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地要求：1词数：120左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本文是一封书信。二审格式：书信格式和电子邮件格式一样，分为四个部分：称谓正文结束语签名。三审结构：开篇介绍交笔友的愿望；接着介绍自己的个人信息和性格特点，最后表达
16、交友的诚意。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第二步：提炼要点1make a friend2of your age 3an outgoing boy4the only child 5look forward to重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第三步：扩点成句1我很高兴，因为我也想交笔友。I am so glad because I am looking for a pen pal，too.2我是你的同龄人。I am a teenager of your age.3我是一个喜欢运动和音乐的外向男生。I am an outgoing boy who loves sports and mus
17、ic.4你有什么爱好？What kinds of hobbies do you have?重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【品味佳作】Dear Peter，I saw your information on the website and knew that you wanted to make a Chinese friend.I am so glad because I am looking for a pen pal，too.I am a teenager of your age and I am now in the first grade of high school.I am
18、an outgoing boy who loves sports and music.I am on the school basketball team and I have won several prizes in singing contests in my school.I am the only child in my family and I love making friends.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地What kinds of hobbies do you have？Tell me more about yourself.I am looking forward
19、 to your reply.Yours，Li Hua重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【名师点津】遵循了书信的写作格式，内容全面，包括了写作任务中给出的信息，语言也比较简练。首先，全文句式结构不单一，安排合理，特别是在介绍自己相关信息的第二段，通过一定的连词和从句连贯、流畅地表达出来。比如：I am an outgoing boy who loves sports and music.句子之间的连贯性比较强，全篇结构不松散。最后，想与对方成为笔友的诚意表达得很明确，作者加上了与对方的一些互动，例如：What kinds of hobbies do you have？Tell me more
20、 about yourself.增加了与对方沟通的信息点。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作模板】Dear Peter，I saw your information on the website and found that _(了解对方要求)I am so glad because _(表达喜悦原因)I am_(介绍自己的基本信息)I am an outgoing boy _(介绍自己的性格特点和爱好)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地_(介绍家庭状况)_(明确表达交友的愿望)I am looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua重点语法精析
21、解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【仿写训练】假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：1年龄；2学习情况及英语水平；3兴趣和特长；4性格特点。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语和结束语已为你写好。June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._Im looking forward to your
22、reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【参考范文】June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned from the newspaper youre your company needs an English secretary.Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.Im 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July
23、.Im an excellent student，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.Im good at English，especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time,I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person,I like sports
24、and outdoor activities.Besides,Im easy to get along with and I like to make friends.Im looking forward to your reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地一、高中常见易混词归纳(1)高中英语中有许多单词形态相似，学生分不清楚，常常混淆它们。将这些易混词归纳如下：易混词词性&词义awardv.授予 n奖品，奖励reward v.报答 n报酬，报答streamn.溪，河 v流出scream n.尖叫(声)v尖叫重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧
25、学园地constructionn.建造instructionn.教育conversationn.会话，谈话conservationn.保存，保护contributionn.贡献，捐助distributionn.分配，分布adaptv.使适应，使适合adoptv.采用，采取effectiveadj.有效的，显著的efficientadj.效率高的，有本领的重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地explodev.使爆炸，使爆发explorev.探险，探查Antarcticadj.南极的Atlanticadj.大西洋的peasantn.农民，乡下人parentn.父亲或母亲重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思
26、巧学园地二、名师导学单选题解题技巧(3)查看有无连词若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中的一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经有连词，一般不再用连词；若还没有用连词，就一定要选连词。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地例如：If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English，_means many more people in the world can enjoy it.Aas Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解析因为前句已经有连词if，所以选答案D，that指前句所述内容。若没有if，就选B，which引导一个非限制性定语从句。答案 D
