1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地过去分词作表语和定语过去分词在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及物动词构成的过去分词还可以有自己的宾语。其否定式是在其前加not。过去分词具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可作表语、定语、补足语、状语等成分。一、作表语1过去分词可放在系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。构成的谓语有时接近被动结构，但并无“完成”或“被动”之意。Unit 1 Great scientists Period 3 Grammar&Writing 课件（人教版必修5，重庆专用）重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧
2、学园地I was amazed at the news.听到这消息我很惊讶。I felt confused，even bored.我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。Im afraid you are slightly drunk.恐怕你有点醉了。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地2系表结构与被动语态的用法比较：“be过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，多与介词at，with，in等连用，此时分词通常已形容词化。表示一个动作时，是被动语态，多与介词by短语连用。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被
3、我儿子摔碎了。(动作)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地拓展 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其分词可用作形容词。其现在分词表示“令人的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示“（人）感到的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。如exciting(令人兴奋的)和excited（兴奋的）；astonishing（令人吃惊的）和astonished(感到吃惊的)；satisfying（令人满意的）和satisfied（感到满意的）；puzzling（令人困惑的）和puzzled(困惑的)等。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地二、作定语1单个的过去分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语，常放
4、在被修饰词之后。a satisfied smile 满意的微笑a frightened expression 惊恐的表情a book written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的一本书the language spoken in that country 那个国家所说的语言重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地在修饰something，anyone，everything，nobody等不定代词和指示代词those时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在后面。The new rule matters much for anyone concerned.新规则对相关人士意义重大。There is n
5、obody injured in the accident.这场事故中没有人受伤。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【温馨提示】(1)有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。如the people concerned有关的人，the book given所给的书等。(2)过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成，但不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的动作正在发生；动词不定式的被动语态作定语表示动词不定式的动作将要发生。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 used books
6、用过的书(表示被动和完成)the fallen leaves落叶(只表示完成不表示被动)the books being used 正在使用的书the books to be used next year 明年要使用的书2过去分词作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。The library opened last year(which was opened last year)，is very popular with the students in this school.去年开放的图书馆很受这个学校学生的欢迎。重点语法精析解码
7、书面表达勤思巧学园地【感悟高考】“Its such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat at the table_for customers.(2012浙江，11)Ato be reserved Bhaving reservedCreserving Dreserved解析句意：妈妈坐在为客人们预订的桌子旁时说：“这真是一个好地方”。此题考查非谓语动词作宾语。空格处的非谓语动词和逻辑主语table之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。A项表示将来的动作；B项和C项都是主动形式，故排除。答案 D重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【完成句子】The building
8、_ _ _is our classroom building.去年建造的房屋现在是我们的教学楼。The building_ _ _is our classroom building.现在正在建造的房屋是我们的教学楼。The building_ _ _ _ _will be our classroom building.下个月将要建造的房屋将是我们的教学楼。built last yearbeing built nowto be built nextmonth重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The_bike was found by the police yesterday.被偷的自行车昨天被
9、警察找到了。(过去分词stolen放在所修饰的名词前做定语)They were _to hear the_sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。The leaders of the 20 main nations in the world attended the meeting _ _ _.世界上二十个主要国家的领导人出席了在伦敦举行的会议。stolenfrightenedfrighteningheld in London重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【单项填空】Can those_at the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.Ase
10、at Bsit Cseated Dsat解析“_at the back of the classroom”为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词，可用sitting.作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。答案 C重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地We finished the run in less than half the time_.Aallowing Bto allow Callowed Dallows解析 句意：我们用了不到所给的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语，“时间”与“允
11、许”之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。答案 C重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Please remain_；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated解析 句意：请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。seat是及物动词，remain/be seated保持坐着的状态，坐着。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road.Abeing blown down Bblo
12、wn down Cblowing down Dto blow down解析 句意：在暴雨风中被吹倒的树已经从道路上被移走了。“树木”的后面缺少定语，因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系，且是已经完成的动作，故用过去分词短语blown down。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The_dishes lay on the floor.Abreaking Bbroken Cbroke Dbreak解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：那些打碎了的盘子散落在地上。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 It was such a_job that I really felt_
13、.Atiring；tiring Btired；tired Ctiring；tired Dtired；tiring解析 tiring使人疲劳的，令人厌倦的；tired疲劳的，累的。答案 C重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地劝导信【写作任务】假设你叫王平，你的一个室友染上了烟瘾，请你给他写封信，劝说他戒烟。信中要说明吸烟的危害，要求有说服力，使他树立起戒烟的信心和决心。【写作内容】1.劝说室友戒烟的原因；2抽烟的危害；3使其树立信心，且承诺在室友需要的时候会随时提供帮助。【写作要求】1.有说服力；2词数：100左右。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本次写
14、作要求写一封劝导信(Persuasive writing)，属应用文写作范畴。劝导信是作者就一些有关的问题，对某人或某个团体提出自己的论点或观点，并力图说服对方接受自己的观点。二审格式：劝导信的格式与一般书信的格式基本相同，包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名。三审结构：本次写作的正文可分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头可开门见山向室友表明自己的观点；主体部分是对主题的展开和深化，要把抽烟的危害按照逻辑顺序列出(通常把最重要的列在前面)；结尾是对开头的呼应，总结论点，进行鼓励，提供帮助。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第二步：提炼要点1a habit of yours2become a serio
15、us problem3be filled with4do harm to5be connected with6avoid doing sth7It is difficult to do sth8give up doing9be ready to do sth重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第三步：扩点成句1Recently I have noticed a habit of yours that is becoming a serious problem.2Our bedroom is filled with a terrible smell.3Smoking does harm to y
16、our health.4It is often connected with cancer.5Your roommates avoid being in the bedroom.6Its not difficult to give up smoking.7Ill be ready to help you.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【参考范文】My dearest friend，Recently I have noticed a habit of yours that is becoming a serious problem.Its your smoking.Whenever you
17、 are here，our bedroom is filled with a terrible smell.Smoking does harm to your health，especially it is often connected with cancer.Also smoking does harm to the health of others around you.Your roommates avoid being in the bedroom because it is being polluted.It is not difficult to give up smoking
18、if you really decide to do so.Where there is a will，there is a way.Ill be ready to help you if you need it.Yours sincerely，Wang Ping重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【亮点展示】1首段开门见山，提出问题：Recently I have noticed a habit of yours that is becoming a serious problem.Its your smoking.2第二段从两个方面论证抽烟的危害：Smoking does harm to
19、your health，.Also smoking does harm to the health of others around you.3灵活使用多种短语和句式：whenever you are here，be filled with，do harm to，give up等。4使用格言增强说服力：Where there is a will，there is a way.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作模板】Dear_，Im writing to persuade you to_.First of all，I think it would be better if_.Second
20、ly，_.Last but not least，_.I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，_重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地一、巧记常用不规则动词变化词义ABB或AAedAed型醒，唤醒awakeawokeawoke；awakeawakedawaked祝福，保佑blessblestblest；blessblessedblessed烧burnburntburnt；burnburnedburned重
21、点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地做梦，梦想dreamdreamtdreamt；dreamdreameddreamed潜水！divedovedove；divediveddived忘记forgetforgotforgot；forgetforgottenforgotten获得，变成，到达getgotgot/gotten跪下kneelkneltknelt；kneelkneeledkneeled重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地倚靠，倾斜，使倾斜leanleantleant；leanleanedleaned跳跃leapleaptleapt；leapleapedleaped学习learnlearntl
22、earnt；learnlearnedlearned点燃lightlitlit；lightlightedlighted证明proveprovedproved/proven照耀，发光shineshoneshone；shineshinedshined重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地(使)滑动，(使)滑行slideslidslid/slidden闻到，散发(的)气味smellsmeltsmelt；smellsmelledsmelled加快，飞跑speedspedsped；speedspeededspeeded拼写，拼成spellspeltspelt；spellspelledspelled溢出，使溢
23、出spillspiltspilt；spillspilledspilled损坏，扰乱spoilspoiltspoilt重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地打，撞击，罢工strikestruckstruck/stricken(使)出汗sweatsweatedsweated；sweatsweatsweat(使)膨胀，增大swellswelledswelled/swollen鞭打，抽打whipwhipwhip；whipwhippedwhipped包装，卷，缠绕wrapwraptwrapt；wrapwrappedwrapped绕，上发条，旋紧windwoundwound；windwindedwinded
24、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地二、名师导学单选题解题技巧(9)排除思维定势有些试题的题干，看上去好像就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成后，自以为十分有把握，结果却做错了。所以当我们越是遇到十分熟悉的所谓固定搭配时，越要从句子结构上或者句子意思上仔细分析，以免步入命题人设计的陷阱。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地例如：Charles Babbage is generally considered_the first computer.Ato invent BinventingCto have invented Dhaving invented解析 考生头脑中有consider doing这一思维定势，易误选D，而题干用了被动语态，为动词不定式作主语补足语的结构。因不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，用了不定式的完成式，故最佳答案为C。答案 C
