1、英语选修7（人教版）第四学时 GrammarUnit 2Robots一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动)汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成谓语动词的被动语态。语 法 精 讲二、被动语态常用的八种时态1一般现在时。The school doesnt allow us to
2、enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2一般过去时。They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was_agreed_on last month.语 法 精 讲3一般将来时。They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will_be_sent ab
3、road by sea.4过去将来时。The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would_be_completed by the end of the year.语 法 精 讲 语 法 精 讲5现在进行时。The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are_being_broadcasted on the radio.6过去进行时。They didnt drive
4、 there on time because the workers were mending the road.They didnt drive there on time because the road was_being_mended.7现在完成时。Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.I have_been_told the sports meet might be put off.8过去完成时。When I got to the theatre，I found they had already sold out t
5、he tickets.When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets hadalready been_sold_out.语 法 精 讲9含有情态动词的被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must_be_handed_inafter class.语 法 精 讲三、被动语态的使用1当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时可以省略by短语。The cup with mixtu
6、re was broken.2突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.语 法 精 讲 语 法 精 讲四、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1某些动词与well，badly，easily 等副词连用时突出主语内在的品质特征或是性能，这时这些动词是不及物动词，用主动形式表达被动含义。常见的动词有：write，sell，read，clean，wash，cook等。The cloth washes easily.The new product sell
7、s well.The pen writes smoothly.对比以下句子：语 法 精 讲这肉已炖了好长时间了。(被动句)2感官动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的动词有：go，appear，touch，feel，look，seem，taste，sound，grow/become/get，remain等。语 法 精 讲3在句型 sth.beadj.to do中用主动形式表被动意义。The text is hard to understand.The box is heavy to carry.4在句型be worth doing中用主动形式表被动意义。The book is worth reading a second time.语 法 精 讲
