1、第五节 非谓语动词语法精讲考点整合经典品味经典品味考点一 非谓语动词作状语1(2011高考天津卷)_into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.ATranslatingBTranslatedCTo translate DHaving translated解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，本句中的主语the sentence与translate间为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除A、C、
2、D三项，只有B项表示被动，故为答案。2(2011高考四川卷)Simon made a big bamboo box_the little sick bird till it could fly.Akeep BkeptCkeeping Dto keep解析:选D。考查不定式作目的状语。句意:西蒙做了一个大的竹盒子，用来装那只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞翔。从语境看,这里用不定式作目的状语,因此选D。3(2011高考陕西卷)More highways have been built in China，_ it much easier for people to travel from one place
3、 to another.Amaking BmadeCto make Dhaving made解析:选A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国修建了更多的高速公路，这就使人们更容易从一个地方到另一个地方去。空格处非谓语动词逻辑上的主语是逗号前面的内容，和非谓语动词之间是主动关系，可排除B项；C项为动词不定式，通常表示目的，表出乎意料的结果时前面通常加only或never，所以排除C项；make表达的动作并非发生在谓语动作之前，不用完成形式，故排除D，选A，making it much easier for people to travel.which makes it much easier for
4、 people to travel.。4(2011高考安徽卷)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak BbreakingCbroken Dto break解析：选D。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商他们是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。本题考查非谓语动词。beeasy/difficult/hard.后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案为D项。要点浓缩要点浓缩1不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句。不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原
5、因状语。(1)不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。(2010高考江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered.很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。Why are the students working so hard these days?To get ready for the coming entrance examination.这些天学生们为什么那么努力学习呢？为了准备即将来临的入学考试。(2)不定式用于so.as
6、to.;such.as to;enough to；too.to；only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车？He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold ou
7、t.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。上句中“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。A powerful earthquake struck Japan,leaving tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.日本发生了强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中。2现在分词作状语(1)动词的ing短语作状语表示在进行某一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间
8、、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。(2010高考江西卷)The lady walked around the shops，keeping an eye out for bargains.这位女士在商店周围闲逛，注意看有没有特价商品。My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.我的车碰上了交通阻塞，所以延误了。(结果)As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.当交通
9、路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动，自问要做什么事。(伴随)(2)现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。Having been
10、 scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上其他人。3过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。(2009高考江西卷)Given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能
11、成为国际明星。(2009高考福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.由于被提醒不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成，而表示一种状态,这样的词有：lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形
12、式。Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词ing形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶
13、上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)1(2011高考湖南卷)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.AexpressingBexpressedCto express Dto be expressed经典品味经典品味考点二 非谓语动词作定语解析:选C。考查非谓语动词作定语
14、。句意：表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。“做某事的能力”应该表达为“the ability to do sth.”，故选C项。2(2011高考福建卷)Tsinghua University，_in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.Afound BfoundingCfounded Dto be founded解析：选C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：清华大学，创办于1911年，是许多杰出人物的母校。首先排除found，因为found作“创办”讲时，为动词原形，不是非谓语动词；被修饰词Tsinghua Universi
15、ty与found(创办)为被动关系，故排除B项；C项表被动且完成；D项表将来。根据题意可知C项为正确答案。founded in 1911在句中相当于非限制性定语从句which was founded in 1911。3(2011高考课标全国卷)The next thing he saw was smoke _from behind the house.Arose BrisingCto rise Drisen解析：选B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：随后，他看见烟从房子后面冒出来。修饰smoke，故排除A项(谓语动词)；逻辑主语smoke与非谓语动词间为主动关系，而且动作正在进行，故答案为B项
16、。1动词不定式作定语动词不定式可用在被the first，the second，the last，the only和最高级等限定的名词或代词的后面作定语。要点浓缩要点浓缩He is always the first to come and the last to leave school.他总是第一个来最后一个离开学校的人。(2009高考山东卷)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。2现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该
17、动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。3过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。(2009高考北京卷)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。1(2011高考浙江卷)Even the best writers somet
18、imes find themselves _ for words.AloseBlostCto lose Dhaving lost考点三 非谓语动词作宾补经典品味经典品味2(2011高考重庆卷)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.Areminding Bto remindCreminded Dremind解析：选C。句意：迈克尔在床边挂了姚明的一张照片来提醒他自己他的梦想。本题考查“keep宾语v.ing”和“keep宾语v.ed”用法辨析，选择用v.ing
19、还是v.ed，要根据“宾语”与动词之间的关系而定，如果它们之间为主动关系，则用v.ing，如果为被动关系，则用v.ed。himself与remind之间存在被动关系，故选C。1过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。要点浓缩要点浓缩Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt protected with him.和父亲一起徒步旅行很好，与他在一起有受保护的感觉。2现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补
20、足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。(2009高考全国卷)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。(2010高考湖南卷)Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在求救吗？1(2011高考北京卷)Its important for the figures _ regularly.Ato be updated
21、Bto have been updatedCto update Dto have updated考点四 非谓语动词作主语和宾语经典品味经典品味解析:选A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：这些数据定期升级是很重要的。figures与update之间为被动关系,故排除C项和D项;此处表示一般性动作,故排除B项，选A项。2(2011高考四川卷)Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:莉迪不想出国读书，因为她的父母都老了。这里用固定搭配feel
22、like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”，只有B项现在分词形式符合搭配。3(2012江苏启东中学摸底考试)The difficulty the couple had_their lost child was soon forgotten when they discovered her.Afound BfindCfinding Dto find解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。本题中含有have difficulty(in)doing sth.结构。这对夫妇在找到丢失的孩子后很快忘记了寻找时的困难。4(2012南通调研)_Chinese culture with overseas cultu
23、res is a challenging job，but you will learn a lot from it.AComparing BComparedCHaving compared DCompare解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里缺少主语，选项中只有A项Comparing是动名词形式，可以作主语，由此选A项。要点浓缩要点浓缩It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(2)若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.(To see is to believe.)眼见为实。2动词want，
24、need，require意为“需要”时，后面跟动名词主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.这些花需要浇水。3在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。We dont allow anyone to smoke here.我们不允许有人在这里吸烟。1
25、(2012山东实验中学模拟)With tiny shops_all the streets，the city of Cairo arouses tourists interest in shopping here.AlineBlined withClining Dline along考点五 with复合结构中的非谓语动词经典品味经典品味2(2012湖北黄冈模拟)With all the novels he was interested in _，he left the library and went back to his dorm.Aborrowed BborrowingCto borro
26、w Dborrow解析：选A。句意：他感兴趣的所有小说都借到了，他离开图书馆回寝室了。首先，he was interested in是定语从句，修饰novels；这里考查的是“with名词过去分词”，borrow与all the novels是被动关系，所以用过去分词表“完成、被动”含义。3(2012南通模拟)With so many orphans_，the charity organization calls for more donations.Ato look after Bbeing looked afterCto be looked after Dlooked after解析：选A
27、。句意：有如此多的孤儿需要照顾，该慈善机构呼吁更多捐款。用动词不定式的主动来表示被动意义。1with宾语v.ingWith so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。要点浓缩要点浓缩2with宾语v.edWith their work finished，they went home.工作完成后，他们就回家了。3with宾语不定式With so much work to do，I cant go swimming with you.因为有很多工作要做，我不能和你一起去游泳了。语法专练知能闯关本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
