1、语法专项训练(八)情态动词和虚拟语气考点一 情态动词1表示推测语法精讲语法精讲疑问推测:在疑问句中,一般用can或could,表示“可能”.【注意】若是对过去发生的或者已经发生的事进行推测,后接“have过去分词.”用适当的情态动词填空(1)The lights of the classroom are still on,who _ it be?It _ be Jenny.She always leaves so late.Oh,no；it _ not be Jenny because I saw her in the library just now.can/couldmustcan解析:第
2、一空填can/could,因为在疑问句中表示猜测一般只能用can或could；第二空填must,因为在肯定句中表示有把握的猜测,意为“一定”,用must；第三空填can,因为表示有把握的否定猜测,意为“不可能”,用cant.(2)I have lost one of my gloves.I _ have dropped it somewhere.解析:must表示有把握的肯定猜测,这里是对已发生的事进行推测,后面接的是完成式(have dropped).must2征询意见(1)表示“可以”,按语气由强到弱依次有can,could,may,might等.【注意】表示允许别人做某事,不能用coul
3、d,might.(2)Will/Would you.？请你做好吗？(3)Shall I/we.？我/我们可以做吗？【注意】对Shall I.？的肯定回答可用must.(4)Must I/you/he.？我/你/他必须做吗？【注意】表示“不必”用neednt/dont have to.(5)Need I/you/he.？我/你/他需要做吗？【注意】肯定回答用must.【考点链接】根据要求完成句子(1)Shall I clean the classroom again？(肯定回答)_.(2)Must I hand in my composition today？(否定回答)_.Yes,you mu
4、stNo,you neednt(3)Might I have talk with you this evening？(肯定回答)_.(4)Need I go with you to the office？(肯定回答)_.Yes,you can/mayYes,you must3情态动词的完成式(1)表示对过去情况的推测may/might have done可能(已经)做了must have done一定(已经)做了can/could have done 可能(已经)做了(否定句或疑问句)The ground is rather wet,so it must have rained last ni
5、ght,didnt it？地面很潮湿.昨夜一定下了雨是吧？(推测)(2)表示轻微的责备或后悔should/ought to have done本应该做某事(但事实上却没做)neednt have done本不必做某事(但事实上却做了)might/could have done本可以做某事(但事实上却没做)would rather have done本想做某事(但事实上却没做)I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard,but it was too late.我真的后悔浪费那些本该用于学习的时间,但为时
6、已晚.(后悔)【注意】表示轻微的责备或后悔不可用can或may.【考点链接】用合适的情态动词及括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Tom graduated from college at a very young age.Oh,he _(be)a very smart boy then.解析:表示对过去情况的肯定推测.must have been(2)The ground is very dry,so it _(rain)last night.解析:表示对过去情况的否定推测.cant/couldnt have rained(3)Your home is not far from your sc
7、hool,so you _(leave)in such a hurry then.解析:表示轻微的责备,“本不必”.neednt have left(4)I _(come)to help you,but I was too busy at that time.解析:句意:我本想来帮助你的,但是我当时太忙了.would rather have come(5)Mr.White _(arrive)at 800 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.解析:表示轻微的责备,“本应该”.should have arrived4双重特性的情态动词need和dare既可用作
8、情态动词又可用作实义动词,使用时需加注意:(1)need需要.作情态动词时只用于疑问句和否定句,并遵照情态动词的用法,即后面跟动词原形,疑问句把need直接提到主语前,否定句直接在need后加not；而need用作实义动词时,可用于疑问句、否定句和肯定句中,构成疑问句、否定句时要用助动词do.You need not worry about your salary.You do not need to worry about your salary.你不必担心你的薪水问题.(前者是用作情态动词,后者用作实义动词)need作实义动词表示“需要做某事”时,动词句型是:need to do sth.
9、,且need有人称和时态的变化；need作情态动词没有人称和数的变化.(2)dare(敢,敢于)的用法与need基本相同.不同的是dare作实义动词时,后面的to常被省略,尤其是在否定句或疑问句中；dare作情态动词时可以有过去式.【注意】实义动词need作“需要”解时,可接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义.Your shoes need cleaning(to be cleaned)你的鞋需要擦了.(need也可用want,require代替)【考点链接】判断下列句子的正误,并将错误的句子改正过来(1)Who says he dare not do it.()解析:dare后直接用not构成否定
10、,是情态动词,本身没有时态、人称的变化,后接动词原形,故正确.正确(2)The girl doesnt dare go out at night.()解析:由doesnt dare可知,dare是实义动词,其后本应接to do sth.,但在疑问句或否定句中to可以省略,故正确.正确(3)How dare you say that to me？()解析:因将dare调到主语前构成疑问句,dare是情态动词,后接原形,故正确.正确(4)You dont need do it at once.()解析:由dont need可知,need是实义动词,其后应当接to do,句中少了to,故错误.错误
11、在need后加上to(5)He needs go with you.()解析:由needs有人称和数的变化可知,它是实义动词,应接to do,句中少了to,故错误.错误 在needs后加上to考点二 虚拟语气1虚拟语气的分类虚拟语气是英文中特殊的语言现象,主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述,常表达强烈愿望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、委婉、规劝等语义,可大致分为三类.类型例句(1)与现在的事实相反基本形式:Ifwere/did,would/could/should/mightdoIf I were a bird,I would fly to the sky.类型例句(2)与过去的事实相反基本形式:Ifh
12、ad done,would/could/should/mighthave doneIf she had been warned earlier,she wouldnt have broken the rules.此种虚拟可倒装,如:Had the letter been sent out,it would have ruined our friendship.If the letter had been sent out,it would have ruined our friendship.If he hadnt insisted on it,I would have stayed at h
13、ome watching my favorite program.类型例句(3)与将来的事实相反基本形式:would/could/should/mightdo.were to do(可能性极小),意思类似汉语中的“万一”.If it should snow this afternoon,we could make a snowman.(事实上不大可能会下雪)此种虚拟可倒装,如:Should my car fail,I would have to return home on foot.If my car should fail,I would have to return home on fo
14、ot.2虚拟语气的用法用法例句(1)用在条件句中如果条件从句中包含有were,had,should或could,有时可把if省略,省略时要把were,had,should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用).(1)Had we made(If we had made)adequate preparations,we might have succeeded.(2)Were there no gravity,there would be no air around us.(3)Should it rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off
15、.用法例句(2)用在含蓄条件句中句子中,假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来,而是用一个介词短语来表示.这种用法也常见于or,or else,otherwise和but 后面的分句中.(1)Without music the world would be a dull place.(2)But for your help,we would have failed.(3)She would have gone with us,but she didnt have time.(4)He must have had an accident,or he would have been here then.用
16、法例句(3)用在错综时间条件句中有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整,这种句子可称作错综时间条件句.(1)If you hadnt watched television so late,you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句则表示与现在情况相反的假设)(2)If you were in better health,we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设
17、,主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)用法例句(4)用在wish后的宾语从句中这种句子主要表示愿望,that常省略.若指过去没有实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时；若指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时.(1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)(2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)(3)I wish he would try again.(对将来没有把握实现的愿望)用法例句(5)用在if only感叹句中当表示“但愿”,“要是就好”时,它的用法和wish基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩,表示一时很难实现的
18、愿望.If only I knew what you wanted.用法例句(6)用在以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句中当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时,用过去完成时；当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时,用一般过去时.(1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.(2)It seems as if it were spring.3.用固定的情态动词表示虚拟语气形式(1)should动词原形(有时省略should)用在动词如advise,command,demand,d
19、esire,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge等后的宾语从句中.用在it is suggested,it is desired,it is required,it was ordered,it was proposed,it has been decided,it is necessary(essential,imperative,important,desirable)that等引导的主语从句中.用在suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendation,plan,id
20、ea,requirement等引导的表语从句和同位语从句中.例句(1)They requested that we(should)send a delegation to their country.She urged that he write and accept the post.(2)It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.It is necessary that the teacher(should)have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.
21、(3)He issued the order that the work be done at once.形式例句(2)用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中It is high time that we had to do something with it！(3)用在表示祝愿的简单句中May you be happy.May the friendship between us last long.Long live world peace！.单句填空用适当的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空1(2011高考大纲全国卷改编)If you_smoke,please go outside.提升演练提升演练mu
22、st解析:句意:如果你一定要吸烟,请到外面去.if you must do sth.“如果你一定要做某事”(表示虽不赞同,但允许),为习惯用语.2(2011高考重庆卷改编)Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to,but my mom simply _not let me out so late at night.would解析:句意:“昨天晚上你为什么不来参加西蒙的晚会呢？”“我想来,但是我母亲就是不愿意让我在晚上那么晚出去.”would愿意.答语中“我想来”,用but表转折,在此表明母亲的态度:不愿意我晚上那么晚出去
23、.故此处应选would,与not连用,表示“不愿意”.3(2012山东潍坊质检)They_have prepared for the meeting more carefully.But they didnt What a pity!ought to4(2011高考天津卷改编)I _sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.解析:句意:我本该早点儿来的,但我不知道当时他们正在等我.根据后面一句话的意思可反推出说话人觉得would have come自己当时应该早点到,但实际上过去并未这么做.would have done sth
24、.表示“过去本来会做某事”,暗含的意思是过去并未做到,符合该处的语意.5(2011高考浙江卷改编)Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.解析:句意:“你们的新保姆怎么样？”“我们找不到更好的了,我们所有的孩子都那么喜欢她.”couldnt 表示“不可能”.couldnt6(2011高考辽宁卷改编)If you _ go,at least wait until the storm is over.解析:句意:如果你一定要走,至少也要等暴风雨停了再走.must表示“一定,必须
25、”符合语境.其他选项语气较弱,均不符合句子中有暴风雨却必须要走的语气.must7(2011高考福建卷改编)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _,in case he comes late for the meeting.must解析:句意:“我现在就通知他时间安排的变化吗？”“恐怕你必须告诉他,以防他开会迟到.”must必须,语气较强；由语境“时间安排发生了变化”和“万一他开会迟到”可知,此处语气较强,意为“必须现在告诉他”,故用must.8(2011高考北京卷改编)I dont
26、 really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.might not解析:句意:“我不太喜欢詹姆斯.你为什么邀请了他？”“别担心.他或许不来,他说他对他的安排不确定.”根据答语“Dont worry.”可知,此处应该表示“或许不来”.9(2011高考湖南卷改编)No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh,you are really his big fan
27、.解析:句意:“在打篮球方面,没有人能够与姚明相比.”“哦,你真是他的铁杆球迷.”can能够.can10(2011高考陕西卷改编)Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.shall解析:句意:“妈妈,你能给我读个故事吗？”“好的.如果你尽快上床睡觉你就会听到一个故事.”shall用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等.此处shall表示“允诺”.11(2011高考福建卷改编)Pity you missed the lecture on n
28、uclear pollution.I _ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.(attend)would have attended解析:句意:“你错过了关于核污染的讲座真是遗憾.”“我本想去听的,但我忙着准备工作面试.”由语境可知,此处表示“本想去而事实上没去”,为虚拟语气.叙述与过去事实相反的情况要用would have done.12(2012辽宁沈阳模拟)_anyone phone,tell them Im in conference.解析:句意:万一有人打电话来,告诉他们我在开会.这里should“(表示可能)万一,假如”.
29、should13(2011高考陕西卷改编)I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.(go)解析:句意:没有你的慷慨帮忙,我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子.从without your generous help可知,此处考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.couldnt have gone14(2011高考江西卷改编)We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.(put)would have put解析:句意:要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们
30、昨天就把他的名字填在比赛名单里了.句中but for意为“要不是”,表示与过去事实相反的假设,故只能用would have done结构.15But for their help,we _ the program in time.(finish)解析:句意:如果不是他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那个项目.根据句意可知,这里表达的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.could not have finished.语篇填空用适当的情态动词完成下面的短文Miss Fang 1._(not)read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother tol
31、d her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.couldntshould“You 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible,”she said,“You 4._ need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time,she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._ see her at 330.shouldmightcouldMiss Fang rep
32、lied that she 6._ not be able to be there at 330 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._ take you at about ten to four,”the appointment clerk suggested.“8._I put you down for ten to four,wouldmightShallor 9._ you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she 10._(not)waste any more time.The teach
33、er 11._(not)be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early,wouldshouldntshouldntas he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied,“I think I 12._ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked the teacher,“13._ I leave at 345 today?I 14._ have an eye examination.”canMay/CanmustAs expected,the teacher said,“Yes,of course you 15._.”can本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
