1、Section Grammar&Writing 品味语法语法精讲专项突破讲解归纳定语从句()一、关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中在逻辑上用作状语(地点、时间、原因、方式)时，应使用关系副词或“介词which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中充当状语。常见的关系副词有when，where，why等。1.when表示时间，引导的从句修饰时间名词,代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不忘我们在农场共同工作的时光。2where表示地点，引导的
2、从句修饰地点名词,where在从句中作地点状语。The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们住的那个旅馆很干净。3why表示原因，引导的从句修饰名词reason，在从句中作原因状语。The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到的原因是错过了火车。【注意】：reason后定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则应用which或that。The reason(which/that)he explained at the meeting was not sound.他在会议上解释的原
3、因并不充分。4关系副词通常可以用“介词which”替换。Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which we live.我们生活的城市正发生着巨大的变化。二、关系副词和关系代词的判断方法方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。The letter that/which I received yesterday was f
4、rom my father.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。Ill never forget the days(that/which)I spent with my teacher.我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。Ill never forget the days when I playe
5、d with you.我决不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。The factory(that/which)we visited yesterday was built last year.昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。The factory where he works was built last year.他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。This is the reason(that/which)she gave me for doing it.这是她讲给我做这件事的理由。Do you know the reason why he came late?你知道他迟到的原因吗？三、“介词which/
6、whom”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which而不用that，修饰人时用whom而不用who。This is the room in which we lived last year.这就是去年我们住过的房间。This is the person from whom I borrowed the English novel.这就是借给我英文小说的那个人。【注意】(1)固定搭配中的介词不能提前。Is this the book which she was looking for?这就是她在找的书吗？The babies whom the nurses are loo
7、king after are healthy.护士们照料的婴儿很健康。(2)“介词which/whom”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。He took out a piece of paper,on which were written some words.他拿出一张纸条，上面写着几句话。He has two daughters,one of whom works as a nurse.他有两个女儿，其中一个是护士。专题训练.用适当的关连词填空1.Do you still remember the zoo _we saw the lovely little panda la
8、st summer?2.Learning a countrys language is like stepping out of a door，_you can know about that country better.where/in whichthrough which3The movie_Im speaking is about the earthquake which happened in Wenchuan.4We are living in an age_many things are done by computers.5The movie reminded me of my
9、 childhood _I lived in the countryside with my grandparents.about whichwhenwhen/in which6I prefer to live in Beijing_there are many alleys with interesting names.7Give me one good reason _youre late for school again!8I work in a small company_is far away from my home after graduation.9My uncle works
10、 in the science museum_we visited last month.that/whichthat/whichwhy/for whichwhere/in which10I left the pencil_I draw pictures every day at school.完成句子1He has two cars,the newone_(昨 天买的).(buy)2She lives in thehouse_(窗户朝东的).(whose)with whichof which he bought yesterdaywhose windows face the east3Thi
11、s is the verybook_(我正找的)(look)4The old black man has never forgotten the day _(他被带离)his mother and brother.(take)5The media can help solve problems and draw attention tosituations_(需 要 帮助).(need)(that)Im looking forwhen he was taken away fromwhere help is needed.单项填空1Id like to live in the house_the
12、re is plenty of sunshine.AwhichBwhatCto which Dwhere解析：选D。考查定语从句。house是先行词，而后面的从句结构和意思都完整，所以不能用关系代词，故排除A、B两项。在房子里，介词应该用in，所以C项错误。D项where相当于in which，符合题意。2.I have reached a point in my life_I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhy解析：选B。句意：我到了一生中我自己应该做决定的时候了。先行词为a point，引导词在定语从
13、句中作状语。3.Life is like a long race_we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.Awhy BwhatCthat Dwhere解析：选D。句意：生活就像一场我们与别人竞争来超越自己的长跑。先行词为a long race，引导词where意指in this race，在从句中作状语。4.The house I grew up_has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it BinCin that Din which解析：选B。句意：我在里面长大的
14、房子被拆掉了并且建起了一座办公大楼。定语从句原意为：I grew up in the house.先行词为the house，可以用which和that作关系代词，但是that不能和介词连用，it不引导句子，in which句式不对。此句是省略作宾语的关系代词(which/that)。5.He is the only one of the boys who_a winner of the first prize for 3 years.Ais BareChas been Dhave been解析：选C。the only先行词关系代词谓语动词单数，又因时间状语为for 3 years，故选C而不
15、选A。6.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.Awhich BwhereCwho Dthat解析：选B。本题考查定语从句。句意：我和朋友们一起登上山顶，从山顶上我们欣赏了湖光美景。本句中没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the top of the hill，还原到从句后为：on the top of the hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake，由此可见先行词在从句
16、中作地点状语，故选择B项where。7.They will fly to Washington，_they plan to stay for two or three days.Awhere BthereCwhich Dwhen解析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：他们将乘飞机去华盛顿，在那里他们打算停留两到三天。在句中非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Washington，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以选where。8.She brought with her three friends,none of_I had ever met before.Athem BwhoCwhom Dthese解析：选C。考
17、查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带来了她的三个朋友，她们我都未曾见过。“表示部分的不定代词 of关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friends，所以关系代词只能用whom。9.Have you ever been to Shanghai，_I left ten years ago?Awhere BwhichCthat Dwhen解析：选B。考查which引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为Shanghai，因为要填的引导词在从句中作left的宾语，故排除A。10.Lucy and Sam made an appointment of an interview on Sunday afterno
18、on，_they would be free.Awhich BwhenCthen Dwhere解析：选B。考查when引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sunday afternoon。要填的引导词在从句中作状语，故排除A。写作指导妙笔生花影 评写作要求根据下列信息，写一篇关于电影勇敢的心的影评。电影名,Braveheart勇敢的心导演,Mel Gibson梅尔吉布森主要人物及演员,William Wallace威廉华菜士Mel Gibson梅尔吉布森Princess Isabelle公 主 伊 莎 贝 拉 Sophie Marceau苏菲玛索King Edward爱 德 华 一 世 Patri
19、ck Mc Goohan特里克麦克哥汉剧情,在13世纪晚期，英王爱德华一世自称苏格兰国王。威廉华莱士为苏格兰的自由而战，挥舞宝剑打败英王的军队。类型,虽有血腥的场面，但是是一部反战影片。评价,以壮观的动作和爱情场面吸引观众，塑造了华莱士这一英雄人物。参考词汇：praiseworthy adj.值得称赞的；violence n猛烈，暴力，暴行；theatrical adj.戏剧的，夸张的；wield v使用(武器等),挥舞审题谋篇一、审题构思此篇书面表达是写一篇影评，影评是艺术评论中的一个重要组成部分，通常评论者对于评论角度的选择应持这样的原则：第一、影片最突出的方面；第二、影片中最具有特色的方
20、面；第三、具有思想价值的方面。二、篇章结构电影简介情节概述发表评论三、内容要点1概述勇敢的心；2勇敢的心的主要角色及故事情节；3发表自己的评论。写作要点1很难想像有一部影片能和梅尔吉布森拍摄的勇敢的心相媲美。Its hard to imagine any film _ Mel Gibsons Braveheart.Its hard to imagine any film _ Mel Gibsons Braveheart.matchingthat matches2电影中有很多值得称赞的地方吉布森不仅给我们很多难以忘怀的战争场面而且还有很多精彩的角色。Theres a lot in this fi
21、lm thats praiseworthyGibson gives us _.not only memorable battles;but excellent charactersTheres a lot in this film thats praiseworthyGibson gives us _.3暴力场面很逼真。而且，当吉布森展现妇女儿童在战场上为死者哭泣的时候，没有什么能比这些时候更有力地反对战争。excellent characters as well as memorable battlesThe violence seems _._，few theatrical moments
22、 make a more forceful statement against war than when Gibson shows women and children _ the dead on a battlefield.The violence seems_._，few theatrical moments make a more powerfulrealIn additionweeping overtrue to lifeWhats more/Besidesstatement against war than when Gibson shows women and children
23、_ the dead on a battlefield.佳作欣赏Its hard to imagine any film matching Mel Gibsons Braveheart.With its grand action,and sense of romance,its a pleasure to see and review.crying forIm a big fan of Braveheart.Theres a lot in this film thats praiseworthyGibson gives us not only memorable battles,but exc
24、ellent characters.The hero is William Wallace,a hero of Scottish history.Wallace fought for Scotlands freedom in the late 13th century,wielding his sword to defeat the forces of King Edward，the British King who had declared himself king of Scotland.Saphie Marceau,the French actress who plays Princes
25、s Isabelle is very appealing.Braveheart is a bloody film.The violence seems real.In addition,few theatrical moments make a more forceful statement against war than when Gibson shows women and children weeping over the dead on a battlefield.Braveheart,however,is better,offering an exciting and occasi
26、onallytouching experience.These days,heroes like William Wallace are as rare as the film displays.名师点津【美文点津】本文行文自然流畅，文章要点齐全，意思表达真切。详略得当，重点突出。fight for,declare,appealing 等高级词汇运用贴切。不同连接词如however；in addition等的使用使语句灵活多变，并且使全文结构紧凑。从语言使用的角度来说，使用了一些not only.but(also).；as.as.等高级句式，使得文章表达生动形象。【类文点津】一、一般来说，影评
27、属于夹叙夹议的议论文。这种文体主要以一般现在时态介绍剧情内容及发表自己的看法。什么时候观看或该电影曾获得什么奖项可转入过去时态。人称通常采用第一、第三人称。二、影视评论可采用“三段式”写法。第一段：简介背景(setting)。对电影的名称、特点、导演等作简单介绍。第二段：情节概述(main plot of the film)。包括主要演员及故事梗概。电影简介不宜太长，只需把自己要评论的内容突出即可。第三段：观后感受，发表评论(making comments/reviews in some way)。可以选择性地从不同角度对电影的主题、情节、人物形象的塑造、语言风格、演员的演技、画面特点、环境、
28、颜色的搭配及拍摄理念的使用等方面有针对性地发表个人看法，但不要面面俱到。最后对电影总体评价。写影评常用的句型和短语有：1I often watch films.我常看电影。2.I watch films four times two weeks.我每两周看四次电影。3.This film takes place on the.这部电影是发生在4.The setting of the film is about.这部电影发生的背景是关于5.There are.characters in this film.在这部电影中有人物。6The name of the film is.这部电影的名字是7.
29、There are some famous words in the film.They are.电影中有些让人记忆犹新的话语,它们是8The main plots are.主要故事情节是9.In my opinion,this film is.在我看来，这部电影可以称得上是10.This is a masterpiece that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最杰出的一部作品。11I think it is the best film.我认为这是最优秀的一部影片。12I have seen it many times,sometimes with my good frie
30、nds.我已经看过多遍这部电影了，有时和朋友一起看。13.Dont you think it is a best one?难道你不认为它是最优秀的吗？单元盘点词语串串练Panda,a treasure of Chinese unique animals,is very cute.So it is popular with people all over the world.But,after the film KungfuPanda screened,every Chinese was shocked because none of our animation films which was
31、produced in the past can matchKungfu Panda.Why can it hold people a great interest and achieve a success?It can be explained in many aspects.First,it is a film with the backgroundof Chinese Kungfu.Chinese Kungfu is very much in keeping with the theme of the film.Second,it is really educational.As th
32、e words are said in the film“Treasure every moment that you have！”etc.We can be educatedwhile we are seeing the acting in the film.Third,it is full of entertainment，so that we canthelp laughing as we see it.And it also makes it memorable.Fourth,the technology of the film producing is very excellent.
33、B10Undoubtedly,this is an important factor of its success.Therefore,its no wonder that the film can be a hit.As a result,we should gratitude this film,because it did set a good example of our films and guide us in this area.熊猫，作为中国的国宝，是非常可爱的。因此，它受到全世界人们的喜爱。但是，当功夫熊猫上映后，每个中国人都被“雷住”了，因为我们从前制作的动画电影，没有一个
34、比得上功夫熊猫。为什么这部电影能引起人们的极大兴趣并取得极大成功呢？这可以从多方面来解释。第一：它是一部以中国功夫为背景的电影，中国功夫与这部电影的主题十分协调；第二：它具有教育意义。正如电影中的台词“珍惜你所拥有的每一个瞬间”等等，当我们观看电影中的表演时，我们也会受到教育；第三：它充满了娱乐性。因此，当我们观看时，会不由自主地发出笑声，这也是令人难忘的；第四：电影制作的技术是非常出色的,这无疑也是它成功的重要因素，因此这部电影成为热点也就不足为奇了。因此，我们应该感激这部电影。因为它的确为我们的电影树立了一个好榜样并在此领域引导着我们。高考对对碰链接一 inform sb.of.(教材原句
35、P49)Another reason why I like it here is that the campus，which is located at the foot of Mount Jinyun,is so beautiful.高考例证(2011高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，_is a stupid thing to do in such weather.AthisBthatCwhatDwhich你做对了吗？选D。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C
36、；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前面的整个句子。链接二 make use of 利用(教材原句P11)Their father travelled a lot in search of work.高考例证(2010高考福建卷)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities_space.Ain search of Bin place of Cfor lack of Dfor fear of,选C。考查介词短语。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高
37、层建筑在城市中被建造。A项意为“寻找”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。,链接三 定语从句(教材原句P9)It is light，tuneful，and memorable，and it appeals to both the young and the old.高考例证(2010高考安徽卷)How did you like Nicks performance last night?To be honest，his singing didnt_to me much.Aappeal Bbelong Crefer Doccur,选A。句意：你觉得Nick 昨天晚上表演得怎么样？说实话，他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣。belong to 属于；refer to 谈到、提到；occur to 发生。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
