1、Unit 3 Understanding each other 互相理解.单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1._(vt.)保证，担保，确保2._(n.)招待会；接待；接受3._(vt.)(尤指以法令)禁止4._(adj.)习惯于；惯常的ensurereceptionprohibitaccustomed5._(adj.)通晓；熟悉6._(n.)手势；姿势；示意动作7._(n.)盛宴，宴会；节日8._(n.)描述，叙述9._(n.)面具(vt.)伪装，掩饰familiargesturefeastaccountmask10._(n.)平原(adj.)清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的11._(vt.)
2、烤，烘焙(adj.)烤的，焙的12._(vt.)和某人打招呼(或问好)_(n.)问候13._(vt.)向(某人)道贺，祝贺_(n.)祝贺plainroastgreetgreetingcongratulatecongratulation14._(vt.&vi.)允许，准许(n.)许可证_(n.)允许，许可15._(n.)冒犯；侮辱 _(vt.&vi.)触怒；冒犯；犯过错16._(vi.&vt.)适应，习惯；调整，调节_(n.)调整_(adj.)可调整的，可调节的17._(n.)庆典；庆祝活动_(v.)庆祝18._(n.)期望，盼望_(v.)期望permitpermissionoffenceoff
3、endadjustadjustmentadjustablecelebrationcelebrateexpectationexpect19._(n.)少数民族；少数，少数人_(n.)多数；多数人(反义词)20._(n.)勇敢 _(adj.)勇敢的21._(vt.)统治；控制，支配_(n.)主管人员；统治者_ (n.)政府minoritymajoritybraverybravegoverngovernorgovernment【品词自测】He didnt _ his young daughter to learn to drive.But without his _,she got her driv
4、ing _.(permit)He won an award for outstanding _ and was considered to be _.(brave)His parents _ him to be a doctor after graduation but he didnt live up to their _.(expect)permitpermissionpermitbraverybraveexpectedexpectation.短语回放1.应该，理应；被期望_2.赶走；离开_3.就某事向某人祝贺_4.习惯于_5.适应_6.做某事有困难_be supposed todrive
5、 awaycongratulate sb.on sth.get used to/get accustomed tohave trouble(in)doing sth.adjust to7.对熟悉；通晓_8.毕竟，终究_9.更不用说_10.带某人参观、游览_11.占据(时间或空间)_12.知道，意识到_13.与某人握手_be familiar withafter alllet aloneshow somebody aroundtake upbe aware ofshake hands with sb.14.控制，支配_15.为的所在地，是的家园_have power overbe home to
6、.句式扫描1.Well,its _(我们在西方所做的).2.Many foreigners _(有困难)getting accustomed to it.3._ there are so many French words in English _(的一个原因是)the French ruled England for quite a number of years.what we do in the Westhave troubleOne reason whyis that 4.Many of the words for fast food and snacks also come from
7、 German,_(包括)the famous hamburger.5.In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia,the normal greeting is a slight bow _(双手合十).6.They _(不喜欢)people do not look at the cards,so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.includingwith the hands pressed togetherdislike it when7.While s
8、taying with the Inuit people you will _(有机会)to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat.have the chance【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子The reason why.is/was that.的原因是仿写:我没有去上海的原因是我得到了一份新工作。The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was that I got a new job.including.包括仿写:好消息让每个人都很开心，包括我。The good news delighted
9、everyone,including me.with+宾语+宾补仿写:买了所有需要的东西之后，她高兴地回家了。With all the things she needed bought,she went home happily.核心要点permit三年1考account三年1考take up三年3考1.ensure vt.保证，担保，确保ensure sth./that确保ensure sb.sth./ensure sth.for(to)sb.保证某人获得某物；保证给予某人某物ensure(sb.)against/from sth.保护(某人)免受危害，使(某人)安全If you want
10、to ensure that you catch the plane,take a taxi.你要想确保能赶上那班飞机，就坐出租车去吧。Proper clothing ensured us against suffering from the cold.衣服穿得合适，我们就不会挨冻。你的教学经验肯定能使你谋求到一个职位。(一句多译)Your experience in teaching will _ _ _ _.=Your experience in teaching will _ _ _ _ _.ensure you a postensure a post for you2.congratu
11、late vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺I sent him a telegram,congratulating him on his success.我给他发去一封电报，祝贺他的成功。You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。【归纳】_就(做)某事向某人道贺congratulate sb.on sth./doing sth.【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空congratulate作“祝贺，道贺”解时，需以被祝贺的人作直接宾语，以介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因。celebrate表示举行仪式、
12、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语，构成celebrate sth.。They _ their 25th wedding anniversary in Florence and all their old friends went to _ them on their silver wedding,which moved them deeply.他们在佛罗伦萨庆祝他们25周年结婚纪念日，所有的老朋友都前去祝贺他们的银婚，这使得他们极为感动。celebratedcongratulate3.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证permit sth./doing sth.允
13、许(做)某事permit sb.sth./sb.to do sth.允许某人(做)某事permit sb.+adv./prep.短语允许某人permit of容许，有的可能性/余地(多用于否定句)Students are not permitted to talk aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不允许学生大声讲话。Time/Weather permitting(=If time/weather permits,)I will see you after the meeting.如果时间/天气允许的话，会后我去看你。他不允许你进教室。(一句多译)He didnt p
14、ermit your entering the classroom.=He didnt permit you _ _ the classroom.=He didnt permit you _ the classroom.任务紧迫，不容拖延。(判断正误)The urgency of the task permits for no delay.()The urgency of the task permits of no delay.()to enterinto4.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止，使不可能prohibit sth./(ones)doing sth.禁止(某人
15、)做某事prohibit sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事The government introduced a law to prohibit tobacco commercials on TV.政府采用新法律来禁止在电视上播放烟草广告。His small size prohibits his becoming a policeman.他身材矮小，当不成警察。The high cost of equipment _ many people _ taking up this sport.昂贵的装备使许多人对这项运动望而却步。prohibitsfrom5.offence n.冒
16、犯；侮辱；触怒；犯法(行为)；罪过(1)commit an offence against the law/a rule犯法/犯规give/cause offence to sb.得罪某人take offence(at sth.)(因某事而)生气(2)offend vt.&vi.触怒；冒犯；(使)不愉快；犯过错She felt she had committed an offence against the rights of others.她觉得自己侵犯了他人的权利。His words gave great offence to everybody present.他的话使所有在场的人都很不
17、高兴。I hope you will not _ _ _ _ my words.我希望你不要因我的话而生气。take any offence at6.adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节；整理，整顿(1)adjust(oneself)to(使自己)适应adjust sth.to把某物调整到(2)adjustment n.调整，调节，适应make an adjustment做出调整(3)adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的Its difficult to adjust ones habits to someone else.一个人很难使自己的习惯适于他人。These d
18、esks and chairs can be adjusted to the height of any child.这些桌椅可随儿童身高来调整。Mr.Brown has some difficulty in _ _ _ _ _.布朗先生不大容易适应新的气候。adjusting to the new climate【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思I must adjust my watchits fast.A.适应B.调整C.整顿D.校对，校正【解析】选D。adjust有“校准，调准，校正”之意。7.accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的He took his accustomed
19、seat by the fire.他在炉火边惯常的座位上坐了下来。We have got/became/been accustomed to living in an air-conditioned room.我们对生活在有空调的房间里已经习惯了。【归纳】_习惯做某事【点津】accustomed作表语时，意为“习惯于(做)某事”；如果作定语，则表示“惯常的，惯例的”，指长期如此而养成的习惯，已被别人熟悉和了解。be/become/get accustomed to(doing)sth.8.familiar adj.通晓；熟悉be familiar to 为所熟悉be familiar with
20、精通，通晓My eyes travelled over the crowded room,seeking a familiarface.我的眼睛来回扫视拥挤的房间，想找到一张熟悉的面孔。选词填空(with/to)The name of Yao Ming is familiar_ most Chinese.Thats to say most Chinese people are familiar _ the name of Yao Ming.姚明的名字为大多数中国人所熟悉。也就是说，大多数中国人知道姚明这个名字。towith【点津】be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常
21、是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思Dont be too familiar with himhes a dishonest man.A.熟悉的B.精通的C.过分亲密的【解析】选C。句意：别与他交往过密他这人不诚实。9.account n.描述，叙述；报道；账户；解释，说明；考虑(1)give an account of 给予描述；进行说明take sth.into account/take account of sth.认真考虑某事on account of由于，因为(2)account vt.认为；把看作 vi.
22、解释，说明account for 解释，说明(原因、钱的用途等)；(在数量、比例方面)占She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.她绘声绘色地描述了自己在丛林中的生活。The company takes environmental issues into account wherever possible.(句型转换)=The company _ _ _ environmental issues wherever possible.只要有可能，这家公司总是尽量考虑到环境问题。takes account ofThe sports
23、 meeting had to be put off _ _ _ bad weather.由于坏天气，运动会不得不被推迟。【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思His opinion is of little account to me.A.叙述B.说明C.考虑D.价值，重要性【解析】选D。句意为：他的意见对我几乎没有价值。on account of【真题链接】I _ a bank account after I made1，000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowed B.opened C.entered
24、D.ordered【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：在暑假，通过做兼职工作，赚了1,000美元后我开了一个银行账户。A项是“借”；B项是“开”；C项是“进入”；D项是“命令，订购”。根据句意可知选B。10.let alone更不用说，更别提He hasnt enough money for food,let alone amusement.他连吃饭的钱都不够，就更不用说有钱玩了。Her income was barely enough to maintain one child,letalone three.她的收入养活一个孩子都几乎不够，更不用说三个了。用所给动词的适当形式填空I haven
25、t decided where to go,let alone when _(leave).我还没决定去的地方，更不用说离开的时间了。Tom was hardly walking at the age of four,let alone _(run).汤姆4岁时几乎还不会走路，更别说跑了。to leaverunning【点津】(1)let alone后面若接动词，通常与前面相关动词的形式相同。(2)表示“更不用说”的短语还有：not to mention,not to say。【拓展】let sb./sth.alone不干涉，不打扰；不碰，不理，放任let sb.down使某人失望let ou
26、t释放，放走；发出某种声音；出租(房屋)；把(衣服)改大11.show somebody around带某人参观、游览Now that you are all here,let me show you around our farm.既然大家都到齐了，我就带你们参观我们的农场吧。【拓展】补全下列短语show _给某人展示某物show _把某人带进来/带出去show _卖弄，炫耀show _出现，露面；显现出来sb.sth.sb.in/outoffup12.take up占据(时间或空间)；开始从事，拿起仔细阅读下列句子，体会take up的不同含义 Im sorry Ive already t
27、aken up so much of your valuable time.()She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.()She used blotting paper to take up the ink.()占据时间拿起，捡起吸收When did Joan first take up music?()I put my telephone down and took up my work again.()Professor Huang took up gardening,golf and yoga after his re
28、tirement.()对感兴趣继续学着做，开始做13.have power over 控制，支配(=have sb./sth.in ones power)His idea that men should have power over women was strongly criticized.他认为男人应当支配女人，这个观点遭到了强烈的批判。People have power over animals,so they use animals to help their own species.人类控制着动物，因此他们利用动物帮助人类自己。【拓展】根据汉语意思写出下列短语_ 上台，开始执政_为
29、某人能力所不及_在能力/权力之内_掌权的come into powerbeyond/out of ones powerin/within ones powerin power14.Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。have trouble(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。(1)have/there is trouble(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等；(2)trouble可换用diffic
30、ulty,意思不变，difficulty也为不可数名词；(3)若trouble后跟名词，介词in换成with。I hope you wont have trouble with the work.我希望你做这项工作不会有什么困难。He said he _ _ _ _ _ a house whose rent was low.他说他很难找到租金便宜的房子。had some trouble in finding【拓展】根据汉语意思写出下列短语_自寻烦恼_(使某人)陷入困境，(给某人)找麻烦_处于不幸(困境)中_不辞辛苦做某事【想一想】类似于have trouble/difficulty(in)do
31、ing sth.的结构你还能想起哪些？ask for troubleget(sb.)into troublein troubletake the trouble to do sth.【拓展延伸】有相同用法的结构还有以下这些：have fun in doing sth.做某事很有趣；have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很困难；have a wonderful time in doing sth.做某事很愉快。15.They dislike it when people do not look at the cards,so remember not to just
32、put them in your pocket without looking.他们不喜欢人们不看名片，所以要记住，不要看都不看就把名片塞进口袋。句中dislike是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。可以把dislike it when作为一个句型来记，意为“不喜欢”。(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等。(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depe
33、nd on,rely on,see to(确保)等。(3)owe it to sb.(把归功于某人)以及take it for granted(认为理所当然)也是此结构。I will see to it that everything is ready in time.我会保证任何事情都会及时准备就绪。I owe it to you that I have achieved so great results in my research work.我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果应归功于你。I _ _ _ she never finds faults with others.她从不挑别人的毛病
34、，我喜欢她这一点。like it that(1)what引导的名词性从句(2)chance的用法(3)including与included的区别1.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：我父母用他们所有的钱为我买了一辆新车。what they had作use的宾语，what在宾语从句中作had的宾语。2.Dad is used to smoking and drinking.Theres no chance _ Im able to
35、 talk him into _.A.whether;giving it upB.of whether;giving them upC.that;getting rid of themD.which;stopping it【解析】选C。Theres no chance of sth./that-clause，意为“没有的可能性”，此种结构用that引导同位语从句而不用whether；them代指上文的smoking and drinking，故答案选C。3.The band played many songs,including some of my favourites.(句型转换)=The
36、 band played many songs,_ _ _ _ _.some of my favouritesincluded写作提升(七)应用文(四)新闻报道也是高考书面表达考查应用文的重要形式之一，其结构分为:标题、导语、主体和结语四部分。写新闻报道时注意标题语言要风趣幽默，有吸引力，写作依据的材料要充分，用事实说话，同时语言要简练、准确。最后报道中要有亮点，能使人深思或产生兴趣等。21世纪学生英文报记者采访了你校“争做好学生好公民”活动，并邀请你就活动前后同学们的言行变化写一篇英语新闻报道，同时发表你的个人看法。活动前活动后1.上课迟到，作业拖拉。1.准时到校，作业认真。2.不问候老师，
37、课后喧哗。2.尊敬师长，帮助他人。3.乘车插队,上车抢座。3.乘车排队，上车让座。注意：1.请根据以上提供的信息写篇报道，个人看法可自由发挥。2.词数：150左右。3.参考词汇：活动 campaign;抢座位 scramble for seats【审题谋篇】1.本篇为新闻报道，为应用文形式之一，目的是报道“争做好学生好公民”活动前后变化的情况及个人看法。2.人称：第一人称3.时态：活动前的情况一般过去时 活动后的情况及个人看法一般现在时4.写作要点：简要概述活动情况活动前学生在学习、礼貌等方面的情况活动后学生的变化情况个人对此活动的看法【常用模板】.格式模板开头：At the beginnin
38、g of the term,a campaign.and great changes have taken place.正文：Before the campaign,we used to.The campaign has changed us a lot.结尾：The campaign is a very good experience.句式模板1.陈述“变化的发生”Great changes have taken place in.take on a new look.see great changes.2.副词置于句首，修饰整个句子Luckily,he passed the exam.Mo
39、re importantly,we have made great progress.【尝试运用】1.过去我们经常忘记与老师打招呼，课后喧哗。We used to forget to greet our teachers and after class we made loud noises.(同义句转换)Often,we forgot to greet our teachers and after class we made loud noises.2.我们等车插队，上车抢座。We jumped the queue when we were waiting for buses and scr
40、ambled for seats.(用状语从句的省略形式改写句子)We jumped the queue when waiting for buses and scrambled for seats.3.这次活动是一次很好的经历，我们从中学到了很多。一般表达：The campaign is a very good experience and we have learned a lot from it.高级表达：The campaign is a very good experience,from which we have learned a lot.【佳文点睛】_ of the term,
41、a campaign called“To be a good student and a good citizen”was launched in our school,_ great changes have taken place since then.Before the campaign,we used to be late for school _ fail to hand in our homework in time._,we forgot to greet our teachers and after class we made loud noises._,we jumped
42、the queue when waiting for buses and scrambled for seats.At the beginningandandOftenWorse still_,the campaign has changed us a lot.We are no longer late for school _ are more careful in our homework.We have learned to show respect for the elders,help others,wait in line for buses and give up seats t
43、o other passengers.The campaign is a very good experience,from which we have learned a lot._,we have got rid of many bad habits _ have become better students at school and better citizens in society.HoweverandMore importantlyand请你以记者的身份，根据案件登记卡所提供的情况，用英语写一篇新闻报道稿。注意：1.词数：150左右。2.Key words部分要用适当的联想描述事
44、情发生的经过及目前警察的行动。3.适当发挥不扣分。INFORMATION ABOUT THE CASETIME4:55 yesterday afternoon,just before the closing timePLACEa bank in the Park StreetWEATHERraining heavilyKey words:two young men with masks;guns;about 20,000 dollars;nobody killed or wounded;still searching for/still in search of_【参考范文】Yesterday
45、 afternoon a robbery happened in a bank in the Park Street.According to the witnesses statements,it was five minutes to 5:00 pm,just before the closing time of the bank.And it was raining heavily,with little traffic on the road outside.Suddenly,two young men with masks rushed in and threatened the c
46、lerks with guns.Then they put the money in bags,rushed out and drove away with about 20,000 dollars.All the things lasted for only a few minutes,which surprised most people.Fortunately,there was nobody killed or wounded in the robbery.The police are still in search of the robbers,hoping whoever gets the connected information will call them up as soon as possible.
