1、Unit 3 Diverse Cultures一、阅读理解A2023山东枣庄一模I still remember my fathers embarrassment the day when he was invited to have dinner at a colleagues house. Freshly arriving in Brazil， and not being able to look up on the Internet， he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture a circle with the thumb and in
2、dex finger. He had always understood it to mean OK， but in Brazil， it meant something different.The episode was swiftly forgotten. My fathers colleague understood that he probably wasnt yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture. He gently explained it meant something rude， and then it was filed
3、away under things not to be done in Rio.I was reminded myself in China. After I replied to a friends WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant keep fighting， another friend told me I used it wrong.The Chinese version is a bit different， she said， taking out her phone and showing it
4、 to me. See these characters？ They mean I will hit you！Life is full of crossed meanings. In India， you sign to someone to come over with your palm down， not up. And in the Middle East， you never use your left hand for anything public.As adults， we understand that even if it hurts， a mistake is only
5、an insult（侮辱） when it is deliberate. Yet， many conflicts come from misunderstanding， and history is full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.My fathers pre-Internet Brazilian mistake was forgiven because of context he had just arrived and he didnt know its local meaning. But
6、when context is absent or simply differently understood especially in the social media perhaps we all should think twice before typing or talking， especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker.本文为说明文，通过一些例子介绍了文化差异。1. What is the topic of the text？A. Cultural
7、 difference.B. Language and culture.C. Sign language.D. Good manners.解析A文章主旨题。由第一段中的He had always understood it to meanOK， but in Brazil， it meant something different和第三段中的After I replied to a friends WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant keep fighting， another friend told me I
8、 used it wrong以及第五段中的In India， you sign to someone to come over with your palm down， not up. And in the Middle East， you never use your left hand for anything public可知，文章主要讲述文化差异，故选A。2. What does the author want to show by telling his fathers story？A. The OK sign means differently in Brazil.B. Cross
9、-cultural mistakes are common.C. The Internet helps to avoid mistakes.D. Misunderstandings lead to bad results.解析B推理判断题。由第一段中的He had always understood it to meanOK， but in Brazil， it meant something different及第二段中的My fathers colleague understood that he probably wasnt yet aware of the local meaning
10、of the gesture可推知，作者想通过讲述父亲的故事来表明跨文化错误是常见的，故选B。3. What did the author mean to do by using the Van Gogh sticker？A. To greet his friend.B. To encourage his friend.C. To threaten his friend.D. To make fun of his friend.解析B细节理解题。由第三段中的After I replied to a friends WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker t
11、hat I thought meant keep fighting， another friend told me I used it wrong可知，作者打算鼓励他的朋友，故选B。4. What might happen if there is no context？A. Cultural conflicts.B. Forgiveness.C. Cultural gaps.D. Mutual respect.解析A细节理解题。由最后一段中的But when context is absent or simply differently understood especially in the
12、 social media perhaps we all should think twice before typing or talking， especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker可知，本题选A。【易错点拨】部分学生可能会辨别不清cultural conflicts和cultural gaps的区别而错选C项。cultural conflicts强调的是文化冲突，cultural gaps强调的是文化差异，而文中最后一句中的the consequence
13、s can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker表明，不知道事情的背景或来龙去脉，很容易引起文化冲突。B2023内蒙古包头一模The Chinese new year begins on 22 January， 2023 and lasts until 9 February， 2023. While most of Asia celebrates the year of the rabbit， Vietnam celebrates the year of the cat. In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖），
14、there are 12 animals， and the 4th animal is the rabbit， while in the Vietnamese zodiac， the 4th position is occupied by the cat. How the cat covered for the rabbit in Vietnams zodiac is still the subject of debate.It was said that the Jade Emperor organized a race across a river for all the animals
15、in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac. In the Chinese version of the story， the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race， turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have be
16、en hunting rats ever since. However， in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit the cat could swim and ended up arriving.One possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language. In old Chinese， theres a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced m
17、ao（卯）. The pronunciation is similar to mo， the Vietnamese word for cat.Quyen Di， a lecturer at UCLA， said the custom has to do with the landscape of Vietnam. Initially， the Chinese lived in the savanna（稀树草原） area， while the Vietnamese lived in the lowland area， he says. The people of the savanna pre
18、ferred a nomadic life， close to the wilderness， and they chose the rabbit as an animal that lived in the wild fields. In contrast， the lowland people of Vietnam considered rabbits as animals that were used for food and chose the cat because they believed cats were friends living in their houses.This
19、 year， many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed cases for their mobile phones. And one of the top online searches in Vietnam is why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.本文为说明文，主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔。1. What does the underlined phrase covered for in paragraph 1 probably mean？A. Took charge of.B
20、. Fought for.C. Took the place of.D. Depended on.解析C词义猜测题。由第一段中的In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖）， there are 12 animals， and the 4th animal is the rabbit， while in the Vietnamese zodiac， the 4th position is occupied by the cat可知，与中国的十二生肖中的第四位是兔不同的是，在越南的十二生肖中，第四位是猫，即：兔的位置被猫代替了，由此可知，covered for应与took the pl
21、ace of意义相同，故选C。2. What can we learn from the Vietnamese zodiac story？A. The Jade Emperor showed favor to the cat.B. The rabbit fell into the river in the zodiac race.C. The cat finished fourth by swimming across the river.D. The rat and the rabbit were enemies in ancient times.解析C细节理解题。由第二段中的In the
22、Chinese version of the story， the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race， turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. However， in the Vietnamese version which did not have a ra
23、bbit the cat could swim and ended up arriving可知，由于在越南的生肖中没有兔，所以猫游过河并获得了第四名，故选C。3. According to Quyen Di， what made the Vietnamese choose the cat？A. Their living environment.B. Their language pronunciation.C. Their lifestyle of raising cats as pets.D. Their custom of hunting rabbits for food.解析A细节理解题
24、。由第四段中的In contrast， the lowland people of Vietnam considered rabbits as animals that were used for food and chose the cat because they believed cats were friends living in their houses可知，越南人在选择生肖的动物时，猫的选择受到了他们的生存环境的影响，生活在低地区的人认为兔子是可以用来作为食物的动物，而猫则是作为他们家里的朋友而存在的动物，故选A。4. Which can be a suitable title
25、for the text？A. The History of the Chinese ZodiacB. Ways of Celebrating the Year of the RabbitC. The Popularity of Chinese Traditional CultureD. The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔。文章提供了关于越南猫年的起源的信息，并探讨了可能的原因，因此D项做文章标题最佳。二、七选五Moving from one cultu
26、re to another is exciting， but it is also a stressful experience. Transitioning（过渡） to a completely new culture almost always results in a culture shock for all people. 1 Some hardly notice its effect at all， while others can find it very difficult to adapt to their new environment.I grew up in Kaza
27、khstan， where most of the information I had about America came from its movies. The purpose of those movies was always to entertain viewers， while details of American life may not be accurately described. I had been dreaming about coming here for so long.2Americans find it easy to make casual friend
28、s. They become friends first and build trust later if at all. Americans make friends and become relatively close in no time. 3 In my culture， we believe in building friendships and staying connected after the trust is built. Only after coming to America did I realize that my self-identification as a
29、 reserved person is part of my cultural identity with Kazakh culture.4 Americans find it uncomfortable if others stand too close. When friends or family greet， they give a short hug and step aside to have some distance for conversation. We Kazakh people like to speak sitting or standing close to eac
30、h other. Also， its considered disrespectful to keep a large distance during the conversation.Part of the excitement of living in a new culture is learning about how it differs from my own culture. 5 By learning to understand and navigate（正确处理） the culture of another country， I have become a more ope
31、n-minded person. It has taught me to shape my own cultural identity.A. But its easy for them to disappear from one anothers life.B. Different people might experience culture shock differently.C. It is therefore necessary to know how to handle culture shock.D. But I had never expected that I would ha
32、ve a culture shock in America.E. Another shocking observation for me was the informality of the Americans.F. I always compare my values and customs with the values and customs in America.G. American culture is also different from mine in terms of a sense of personal space.本文介绍了作者经历的文化冲击。1.B空前提到对所有人来
33、说，过渡到一个全新的文化几乎总会带来文化冲击，空后提到一些人几乎注意不到它的影响，而另外一些人发现适应新环境非常难。由此可知，B项（不同的人经历文化冲击的方式可能不同）与上下文联系紧密，故选B项。2.D由上文的I had been dreaming about coming here for so long及下文内容可知，空处内容应与作者经历文化冲击有关。D项（但是我从未想过我会在美国经历文化冲击）与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文内容，故选D。3.A空前提到美国人很容易交上朋友并很快变得亲近，空后提到哈萨克斯坦人则是在信任建立后建立友谊并保持联系。由此可知，空处前后形成对比，故A项（但是他们很
34、容易从彼此的生活中消失）符合语境，故选A。4.G由空后内容，尤其是Americans find it uncomfortable if others stand too close和We Kazakh people like to speak sitting or standing close to each other可知，本段主要介绍的是作者发现的美国文化和自己国家文化的另一个不同之处，且它与个人空间有关，G项与此相符，可充当段落的主题句，故选G。5.F由空前的Part of the excitement.my own culture和空后提到的了解和正确处理另一个国家的文化教会作者塑造自
35、己的文化身份可知，空处应涉及两种文化的对比。F项（我总是对比我自己国家和美国的价值观和风俗）符合语境，故选F。三、完形填空2023辽宁葫芦岛二模I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context， I was emotionally intelligent， and I 1 expected that this could be any different.When at the University of Michigan， I joined a discus
36、sion on 2. I introduced myself in an understated （Dutch） way as interested in culture and emotion. The professor， to fit American 3， added that I was one of the worlds experts on culture and emotion. In response， I looked down in 4 and said in a low voice that expert was a big word.I lived in North
37、Carolina and had new friends coming over to dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left， they 5 me for dinner. My heart sank， because in the Netherlands， thanking for dinner means the relationship is 6.The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different 7. But emotiona
38、l interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not 8. The professor meant to make me feel good， but instead made me 9. My friends meant to show gratitude， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions？I now t
39、hink the answer is that we were interacting with different10 in mind. In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves： other people help you 11 and have self-esteem（自尊）. You are an expert， and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. 12， in the Netherlands， it
40、is important to make true 13 with other people， and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are 14： Americans dance to the music of making each other special， while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you 15 them up， people start stepping o
41、n each others toes.作者一直生活在荷兰，但在美国与人情感交流的经历让他意识到美国和荷兰的情感交流目的不同，美国重视夸赞，荷兰重视坦诚。1.A. neverB. rarelyC. usuallyD. sometimes解析A作者从未（never）想过情感表达上会有什么不同，故选A。2.A. mannersB. emotionsC. literatureD. intelligence解析B由interested in culture and emotion中的emotion可知，作者对情感感兴趣，由此可知，作者参加了一个关于情感（emotions）的讨论，故选B。3.A. sta
42、ndardsB. proceduresC. policiesD. requirements解析A由最后一段中的In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves可知，在美国，人们自我感觉良好是很重要的。由此可知，教授是以美国的标准（standards）介绍作者是世界上文化和情感方面的专家之一，故选A项。4.A. angerB. delightC. disappointmentD. embarrassment解析D由expert was a big word可知，作者认为用专家来形容过誉了，由此可知，作者尴尬地低下了
43、头，故选D项。5.A. askedB. praisedC. thankedD. blamed解析C由thanking for dinner中的thanking 可知，客人们对作者的晚餐表示感谢，故选C项。6.A. distantB. insincereC. harmoniousD. meaningful解析A由they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead中的distancing可知，在荷兰，谢谢你的晚餐意味着这段关系是疏远的，故选A。7.A. originsB.culturesC. environments
44、D. languages解析B荷兰和美国的文化没有太大的不同，但来自这两种不同文化的人之间的情感互动并不流畅，故选B。8.A. complicatedB. interestingC. fluentD. regular解析C由My friends meant to show gratitude， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead可知，作者和朋友间的情感互动并不流畅，故选C。9.A. annoyedB. anxiousC. humbleD. uncomfortable解析D由In respo
45、nse， I looked down in 4 and said in a low voice that expert was a big word可知，作者认为用专家来形容过誉了，由此可知，教授的话让作者感到不舒服，故选D项。10.A. methodsB. purposesC. expectationsD. feelings解析B由In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves和in the Netherlands， it is important to make true 13 with other peo
46、ple， and not to pretend you are better than anybody else可知，美国人互动时的目的是夸赞，荷兰人互动时的目的是与他人坦诚相待，由此可知，美国人和荷兰人在互动时考虑到了不同的目的，故选B。11.A. stand outB. show offC. calm downD. cheer up解析A由You are an expert， and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner可知，美国人喜欢赞美别人，由此可知，他们会帮助你从人群中脱颖而出，故选A。12.A. I
47、n turnB. Above allC. After allD. By contrast解析D由上文美国人重视夸赞，下文荷兰人重视坦诚相待可知，文中把美国和荷兰的交流方式进行了对比，By contrast意为相比之下，符合语境，故选D。13.A. promisesB. contributionsC. connectionsD. comparisons解析C由while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection中的true connection可知，荷兰人重视与他人建立真正的联系，故选C。14.A. personalB. differentC. importantD. widespread解析B由Americans dance to the music of making each other special， while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection可知，美国和荷兰情感交流的方式不同，故本题选B。15.A. buildB. takeC. pickD. mix解析D由上文可知，美国和荷兰情感交流的方式不同。那么，当两种文化相遇时，就会引起混乱和误解，故选D。build up创建；增强；take up开始从事；pick up拿起，举起；mix up弄混，弄乱。
