1、书面表达考情链接书面表达是一个综合性题目,要求考生根据所给图画、图表、提纲(或者开放性)等,运用所学知识将提示信息组成句子,句子连成段,段连成篇。它不断要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识,而且有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。它也是一种融形式、文体、交际三位于一体的试题,所考查内容都体现在表达和传递信息的交流能力,因此,书面表达有交流性、实用性、合理性等特点。近几年来高考书面表达正在一步步地向考试要考语言运用能力这一方向改进,并采用了新的评分标准,因此要求考生语言的准确性和得体性,注重上、下文连贯,注重表达方式多样化。新的评分标准提倡考生使用高级词汇和复杂句式,运用过渡性词汇增强文章连贯性。如果考
2、生在表达中只是运用了简单句,虽然表达了要求的信息,那么得分也不会高。因此,近几年高考要求考生掌握词汇要丰富,句式表达要复杂,适当地使用情感性语言。一、近三年新课标书面表达考查内容分布表201420152016体裁书信征文书信邮件书信书信邮件话题询问是否可以接机询问朋友代买中国结暑假去英国学习十年后的我邀请去敬老院征求摄影作品因不能赴约而道歉类型图表开放提纲提纲提纲提纲提纲二、命题规律与趋势从上表我们不难发现,全国卷I近三年书面表达的体裁一直为应用文。应用文题材的多样性和特殊性决定了其语言表达更贴近生活,更能反映学生在真实情境下对语言的运用水平。全国卷偏好这种体裁,也正契合了考纲中“通过书面表达
3、旨在测试考生的日常语言交际表达能力,看其是否能够用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流”的指导思想。此外,在命题形式上,全国卷近三年均选择了文字提示的方法。在三种主要的命题形式(图画、文字、表格)中,全国卷更为偏好使用文字提示,这是因为文字提示的命题形式可以让考生做到有话可说,同时又避免了图画提示或表格提示因读图(表)不准确而造成的对文章立意不清的弊端。 三、高考英语书面表达评分标准及解读(一)评分原则1. 本题总分为30分,按5个档次给分。2. 评分时,应根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。3. 词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去
4、2分。4. 评分时,应注意的主要内容:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文连贯性及语言的得体性。ZXXK5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6. 如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。(二)内容要点:(略)(三)各档次的给分范围和要求:第五档次(很好):(25-30分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。-覆盖所有内容要点。-应用较多的语法结构和词汇。-语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。-有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预
5、期的写作目的。第四档(好)(19-24分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。-虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。-语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试复杂语法结构或词汇所致。-应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(适当):(13-18)基本完成了试题规定的任务。-虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。-有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。-应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(较差):(712分)未恰当完成
6、试题规定的任务。-漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。-语法结构单调,词汇知识有限。-有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。-较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档(差):(1-6分)未完成试题规定的任务。-明显遗漏主要内容,写一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。-语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。-较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。-缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。0分未能传达给读者任何信息;内容太少、无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。说明:1. 内容要点可用不同方式
7、表达2. 对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分(四)评分解读一般来说,写作题的高考评分标准包含评分原则、内容要点、给分范围及要求、说明和参考范文五个部分。其中内容要点以及词数、标点、书写等方面的原则比较容易理解、操控和落实。但“评分时,应该注意的主要内容为应用词汇和语法结构的数量上下文的连贯性和语言的得体性”等评分原则,“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致,具备较强的语言运用能力;有效地使用了语句间的连接成份,使全文结构紧凑”等给分要求、以及“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”等说明,相对比较抽象,不易捉摸。1. 如何理解“应用了较多的词汇”这
8、里所说的“词汇”,可以从高级词汇的使用、同义词的使用、短语的使用等方面去理解:(1) 高级词汇的使用评分标准第五档次的要求中提到,“词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。这里所说的“高级词汇”,指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇,比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等词,都可以算作是“高级词汇”。考生若能够适当地运用一些高级词汇,定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象。I cant find any way to solve the problem. (换作高级词汇:I cant find any s
9、olution to the problem.)The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (换作高级词汇:The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)(2) 同义词的使用英语中有些词的使用频率非常高,比如interesting, clever等,在表达时大家都很喜欢用,这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词,就可以做到与众不同,给评卷者带来清新的感觉。例如:It will be very interesting. (换作同
10、义词:It will be a lot of fun.)He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 换作同义词:He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)(3) 适当利用短语取代单词总体而言,使用短语的难度比单词要大一些,因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例如:Suddenly I had a good idea. (换作短语:Suddenly I came up with a
11、 good idea.)Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (换作短语:Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)2. 如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构”固定句式(如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等)、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用,可以使文章的语言充满层次感,从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。(1) 使用固定句式She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help
12、.(使用before one can do sth.结构:She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒装结构:Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)(2) 使用现在分词结构现在分词结构可以表达伴随、原因等状语,因此几乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。现在分词短语可以使句子的表达更加简洁、
13、生动,而且也使前后两个动作的衔接更加紧密。例如:Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different races or cultures. (换作现在分词短语:Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)People worked together on the assem
14、bly line.(换作现在分词短语:People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)(3) 使用定语从句定语从句的使用,不仅能使上下文更加流畅,也同时能充分展示写作者运用较复杂的语法结构的能力。例如:My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定语从句:My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)My au
15、nt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定语从句:My aunt bought me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)3. 如何理解“上下文的连贯性”评分标准指出,书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”,并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成份,使全文结构紧凑”。这里说的连贯性,就是指通过连接词(包括并列连词,从属连词和连接性副词)、非谓语动词短语等语法成分,使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达,从而使整个段落或篇章浑然一体,连贯流畅。(1)连接
16、性副词连接性副词也被称为过渡词。它们的位置一般以句首居多。连接性副词承上启下,能够令读者对后续的句子产生心理上的期待和准备,因此整个篇章会因它们而紧凑连贯。常见的连接性副词有:also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如:We have many things to do. We believe we can finish befo
17、re the day is over. (使用连接性副词:We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.)The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work his way through college. (使用连接性副词:Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does
18、very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)(2)使用从属连词常见的从属连词有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如:You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用从属连词:So long as you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.)The teacher came
19、 in. the students were quiet. (使用从属连词:The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.)4. 如何理解“语言的得体性”评分标准要求考生应注意“语言得体性”,就是要求在表达时根据说话的对象、时间、地点、场合等因素来选择使用恰当的英语语言。(1) 体裁和题材对得性的要求不同体裁和题材的文章有不同的用语要求。比如,书面通知中就不适合用“I will tell you a piece of good news.”或“May I have your attention, please?”等句子。这些句子只
20、有在口头通知中才算得体的语句。2003年高考的书面表达要求“你”给一位外国朋友回信,介绍“你”帮他找的一套出租房。相当一部分考生没有理解“你”与说话对象的关系,所以话语中没有给对方提出异议的余地,叙述的方式和口吻上缺乏礼貌性,像“The house is very suitable for you.”等语句显得相当主观,若改为“Do you think it is suitable for you? If not, I will try again.”就比较得体。另外, 英语中还有正式语和非正式语,书面语和口头语之分。写作前,还应该认真分析题目的体裁,根据不同的体裁,确定用语的类别。正式用语或
21、书面语的句子结构严格遵循语法规则,所采用的单词使用频率不是很高,比如:permit, inform, discover, depart等词都属于正式用语;而非正式用语或口头用语则较多地使用短语,所采用的单词使用频率高,也比较短。比如let, tell, find out, leave等等。费正式用语也经常使用简略语或缩略词。(2) 文化和思想内涵对得体性的要求只有了解社会、历史、文化、政治及思维习惯等因素对语言的影响,才能使选词更贴切、更得体。例如:People who live on the farm can hear cocks crow every morning. (rooster 和
22、cock 都可表示“公鸡”,但cock通常听起来比较粗鲁,所以应把cock改为rooster才比较妥当。)Because he was ill, he had to stay at home yesterday. (本句话想要表达的意思是“因为他病了,所以他不得不呆在家里”。汉语思维中常常是先原因,后结果,而英语则刚好相反。所以句子应该改为:He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.)四、解题步骤要想在高考有限的时间写出一篇质量上乘的书面表达,掌握熟练的解题技巧,把握住几个解题关键至关重要,这里介绍一种五步写作法:1认真审题考生一看
23、到题目不要急着开始写,而应做到“四审”:即审文体、体裁、人称和时态语态。即考生动笔前,通过仔细阅读试题,明确目的要求。通过审题可以达到:(1)明确体裁。书面语和结束语都是基本要点,不可遗漏;(2)确定内容。弄清题目设置的情景或提供的要点,便能紧扣题意,写什么不写什么,做到心中有数,避免随心所欲,文不对题;(3)确定人称。弄清命题者要求考生用什么人称。历年书面表达题都对人称提要求,但历年高考都有考生在没有确定人称的情况下匆匆动笔,结果白白丢分。(4)确定时态、语态。时态语态的准确运用,亦是判断书面表达好坏的一条重要标准。一般说来,说明文、议论文多用一般现在时,记日记多用一般过去时,记叙文多用一般
24、过去时和过去进行时。审题是写好书面表达的基础,一篇书面表达,即使语言非常好,如果偏离了题目的要求,也难得高分。2. 理顺要点 内容要点不能缺。在认真审题基础上,应注意逐个地、完整地把内容要点列出来。根据考纲要点,漏写或没有写清要点均要失分。理顺要点,是防止多写、漏写、乱写,保证内容完整的行之有效的办法。所以,最好在写作前将试题中的要点用笔标出,然后按事件先后或各要点之间的内在联系排好队;如是看图写话,则要依次观察每幅图画,再将每幅画的含意加以连贯,构思出文章的整体框架。有的抽象事物,如心理活动很难通过图画直观地表达出来,这就要求考生仔细观察细节,分析其心理活动,挖掘其内涵因素,使心理描写符合事
25、情发展逻辑。理顺要点,既可保证不遗漏所要表达的信息,又可使表达的内容条理清楚,否则写出文章就有可能语无伦次,颠三倒四。 3组织句子 将理顺的要点逐句表达出来,这是书面表达的关键一步。完成这个步骤要注意:(1)书面表达重在达意,不要简单直译,要用英语思维,套用英语句型,用自己有把握的句子和词汇,不用自己拿不准的词汇和句式。切忌用汉语句型去套用英语,乃至写出大量汉式英语。(2)如果碰上汉语提示中找不着相应的英语词语或句型,不要轻易放弃,要开动脑筋,学会用内容相近的句子来表达。(3)尽可能写结构简单的句子,少用自己无把握的复合句。(4)选择正确的人称、时态、语态,注意冠词、单复数、大小写、标题等。
26、4串句成篇 这个过程是将写好的句子连贯地组织起来,形成短文。串句成篇,绝不是将一句话一句话简单地排在一起,要注意上下句的逻辑关系,必要时使用一些表示并列、递进、让步、转折、因果等意义的关联词语。有的书面表达还可以分段,但段与段之间要过渡自然。若词数少于题目要求,可适当增加一些与内容相关的句子;若词数多于题目要求,也可考虑将能够合并的句子合并起来。 5检查修改 文章草稿写成后,默读一至两遍,检查修改,看文章是否对题,格式是否正确,内容是否完整,文句有无语病,行文是否连贯,拼写是否错误,词数是否恰当;有的书面表达题要求考生自拟标题,考生这时要注意不要丢掉标题,还要注意标题首字母的大写;如命题者不要
27、求考生自拟标题的则不必拟标题,以免画蛇添足。经过检查修改后,再认真誊写,整洁美观的书面表达,一见便给人留下良好的第一印象,潦草的书写,字迹难辨,给人留下不良印象,得分难免会受影响。这样经过周密思考、按步骤写出来的文章,比起毫无计划、信手拈来的文章质量肯定要好得多。五、书面表达的技巧(一)常见的过渡表达法1. 表示时间的过渡词at first, next, then, after that, soon, soon/shortly after, finally, in the end, eventually, at last, lately, recently, since then, later
28、, in no time, after a while, afterwards, to begin with, immediately, meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time, so far, suddenly, at the age of, as early as, as soon as, before, the other day, early in the morning, after/before dark, one day, one afternoon/evening2. 表示空间的过渡词to the left/right, on th
29、e left/right, on the opposite side, in the middle of, in front of, in the front of, at the back of, at the bottom of, on the edge of, on top of, opposite to, close to, next to, near to, under, over, below, above, across, around, behind, before, against 3. 表示列举和时序的过渡词first of all, in the first place,
30、 next, and then, finally, at the same time, to begin with, lastly4. 表示举例的过渡词for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as, like, take for example5. 表示对比或者比较的过渡词like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, compared to/with, while, still, on the contrary, different from, on the one hando
31、n the another (hand), in common (with)6. 表示增补的过渡词and, bothand, not onlybut also, as well as, also=besides=furthermore=moreover,in addition, apart from, whats more, worse still=whats worse= to make things/matter worse, including7. 表示因果的过渡词because, since=now that, as, for, therefore, thus, so, as a re
32、sult, because of=on account of, thanks to, for this reason, if so, if not8. 表示目的的过渡词for this purpose, in order to do=so as to do, in order that=so that9. 表示让步的过渡词 though=although, in spite of=despite, after all, even if=even though, no matter what/when/where/how =whatever/whenever/wherever/however10
33、. 表示条件的过渡词if, unless, so/as long as, provided that=on condition that11. 表示强调的过渡词above all, indeed, in any case, in fact=as a matter of fact, in this case, in particular, obviously, anyway=anyhow, or rather12. 表示解释的过渡词 that is (to say), in other words, or, namely13. 表示转换话题的过渡词by the way, Im afraid, i
34、n my opinion, to tell you the truth, to be honest 14. 表示总结的过渡词in a/one word, generally speaking, in short=in brief=in a few words, in conclusion, on the whole, as has been mentioned/stated, It is quite clear that-, There is no doubt that-, It is well known that-, as we all know=as is known to us all
35、, as/so far as I know, to sum up= to summarize= in summary15. 表示选择或者排除的过渡词eitheror, or, without, except=but, instead of16. 表示转折的过渡词but, however, still, and yet (二)英语中五种简单句型解析英语基本句型有5种,即(1)主语+ 连系动词+ 表语 (2)主语+ 谓语(+状语) (3)主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 (4) 主语+ 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (5) 主语+ 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语 从5种句型来看,一个句子的核心部分是动词。也
36、就是说我们写出来的任何句子总少不了动词。 还有,句子的主语一般是名词,代词,-ing 形式, 不定式, 主语从句或者the + 形容词等等。句型一:主语+ 连系动词 + 表语常见的连系动词有:be, look, seem appear, become, turn, get, feel, sound, smell, taste, grow, go (bad/wrong/mad/hungry/), come(true/loose), fall (asleep/ill), stay, remain, keep, stand, lie,etc.表语可以是名词,形容词,介词短语,不定式,-ing 形式,
37、-ed分词,副词等等。句型二: 主语 + 谓语(+ 状语)此句型的谓语由不及物动词或者相当于不及物动词的短语来充当。状语可以由副词,形容词,名词,介词短语,不定式,-ing形式或者with的复合结构等来充当。句型三: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语此句型的谓语由及物动词或者相当于及物动词的短语来充当。宾语可以由名词,代词,不定式,-ing形式, 或者从句来充当.句型四: 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语间接宾语和直接宾语一起称为双宾语。能够带双宾语的动词有如下一些:give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand,
38、tell, return, write, pay, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, owe, refuse, make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, spare, cook, sing, etc.句型五: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语, -ing形式,-ed分词,不定式等充当。(三)写作常见经典句型1. It was + 时间段+before/ It was not long before/ It will (not) be + 时间段+before2. It is(has
39、been) + 时间段+since+ 过去时3. be about to dowhen4. while(表示对比) 5. Not until 的倒装句型/ It was not untilthat(强调句型)6. asas(not as/so as)/ more than/ more and more/the morethe more7. It +be+ 过去分词/形容词/名词+to do/that-从句8. It +不及物动词(seem/appear/happen)+that-从句9. It takes sb. some time to do sth.10. There be 句型, 其中b
40、e 可以换成stand/live/lie/come, There is no need to do/There is no point in doing/There is no difficulty in doing/There is no doubt that11. 状语从句句型, 比如if/unless/although/though/as long as/no matter +wh- /whetheror/even if/ in case/so that/ in order that/ sothat/suchthat12. 祈使句(表条件)+and(then)+句子(表肯定结果)祈使句(
41、表条件)+or/or else/otherwise+句子(表否定结果)13. so as to do/in order to do14. tooto do/enough to do/only to do15. think/find/feel/consider/make +it +宾语补足语(形容词或者名词)+to do16. with+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词/介词短语/to do/doing/-ed)17. 几种重要倒装句型,比如no sooner than/ hardlywhen/only+状语+/not onlybut also/neither(nor)/so(四)写作中的一般表达和高级
42、表达解析新的高考评分细则,我们不难看出,运用高级词汇、复杂句式和适当的过渡连接词语是书面表达得高分的重要手段.这里我们所说的一般表达和高级表达指的是词汇和句式两个方面.1. 学会使用从句(1)使用定语从句The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级)(2)使用状语从句 I wont believe what he says. (一般)No matter what he
43、says, I wont believe. (高级) If you come back before six oclock, you can go out. (一般)You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. (高级)2. 合理使用复杂的句型 When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (一般)The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. (高级) Who will be on duty today? (一般)Who
44、se turn is it to be on duty today? (高级)3. 适度使用高级词汇(1) As a result the plan was a failure. (一般)The plan turned out to be a failure. (高级)(2) She went to Australia in order to study music. (一般)She went to Australia for the purpose of studying music. (高级)(五)书面表达常见错误及对策语言运用的差错可分为三类,第一类差错(errors)是不符合语法规则的
45、语言形式,反映学习者的语言知识和能力问题;第二类错误(mistakes)是指不符合语境的语言形式,反映学习者的语言运用问题;第三类差误(slips 和lapses)是指口误或笔误,反映学习者的身体、精神以及情感等方面的状态问题。以上三类问题在学生的书面表达中经常存在。具体表现在以下几个方面:1. 低级错误是指那些最基本的错误,譬如拼写(大小写)错误;冠词错误;名词单数和复数的错误;主宾格的错误;介词的误用;形容词和副词的误用;时态的错误;主谓一致等等。以上错误在写作中最常见。避免的办法是写完后认真默读一遍,仔细核对,一般可以自己改正。2. 句子结构错误这种错误常见的有句子结构不完整(如漏掉be
46、动词);在表达时试图用比较复杂的结构,但往往又事与愿违,丢三落四;2个句子之间缺乏连词或多用连词;写出断句(sentence fragment)等等。对策是学好英语中的复合句(包括定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句),重点把握连词的用法;还要充分理解句子和句子的逻辑关系。3. 中文式英语(Chinglish)由于受母语的影响,不少学生在写作时往往习惯于用中文构思或把中文直接翻译成英文,造成用词不当或句子成分的缺失,结果经常出现不地道的汉式英语。这种错误的出现在书面表达中最多。避免这种错误的正确做法是:掌握英语句子的基本构成(五种简单句的结构,即主语+谓语+宾语;主语+谓语+状语;主语+连系动词+表
47、语;主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语);注意英文表达和中文表达在结构(顺序)上的不同;注意英文和中文词汇意义上的差别(尤其遇到难于表达或英语中没有的词汇可以采用解释法);注意英语中的惯用句型;多读短小精悍的文章,培养语感。六、书面表达模板申请信Dear Sir/Madam,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in_.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_./ I am
48、confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising./ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, _.On the other hand, _.I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a preciou
49、s opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience./ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,Li Hua邀请信Dear _ ,There will be a _(内容)at/in _(地点)on _(时间). We would b
50、e honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at _(具体时间). This will be followed by a _(进一步的安排). At around _(时间), _(另一个安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before _(通知你的最后期限).Yours sincerely,Li Ming道歉信Dear _,I am truly sorry that _(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介绍原因). Once again, I am
51、sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming建议信Dear _,You have asked me for my advice with regard to _ , and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following a
52、ctions: _(建议的内容).I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Yours sincerely,Li Ming推荐信Dear _ ,It affords me much pleasure to recommend _(要推荐的人)to you.During his/her graduate years he/she was my _ . As his/her _ I found him/her
53、 _(介绍与此人的关系).His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been and showed great talents in _ . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He has developed a strong sense of _, and working with him is always. I can state that he/she has all the qualities of bei
54、ng _.(介绍此人的能力)Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university?I am sure that his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence. I look forward to hearing from y
55、ou at the earliest possible moment.Yours sincerely,Li Ming祝贺信Dear _ ,I have learned with delight that you _(祝贺事由). I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _. You must be _. And I feel very happy for you. _(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news! I know this is surely owing to _(被祝贺人过去的努力).
56、It is a reward you richly deserve for your _(被祝贺人的优点).Kindly let me know when you _(咨询对方何时有空).I hope _(表达自己的愿望). My best wishes for your further success.Yours sincerely,Li Ming请求信Dear _ ,I am writing to formally request to _(请求的内容).The reason for _is that _(给出原因). I _ , so I _(给出细节).I would also lik
57、e to request _(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at _(电话号码). I look forward to a favorable reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming投诉信Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply f
58、or the position that you have advertised in _(报纸名称)of _(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a _(工作名称).In the one hand, _(第一个原因). On the other hand, _(另一个原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you ne
59、ed to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _(电话号码).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming感谢信Dear _ ,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for _(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in _(对方
60、给予的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been _(没有对方帮助时的后果).Every one agrees that it was you who _(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Ming询问信Dear _ ,I am _(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with informa
61、tion regarding _(要询问的内容).First of all, what are _(第一个问题)? Secondly, when will _(第二个问题)? Thirdly, is _(第三个问题)?I would also like to inquire _(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to
62、this letter will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming通知1.口头通知口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的通知,叙述表达尽可能口语化,简洁明了,说清意思就行。口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。口头通知一开头可有称呼语,具体因通知对象而异。常用的称呼语有“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”,也有的不用开头语,直接开始。口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语。开头语 Attention please! Listen plea
63、se!结束语Any questions? Does everyone understand? Thats all. Thank you. 句子多用将来时或祈使句。2. 书面通知书面通知是以布告、张贴的形式出现,常常是张贴在显眼的位置,以引起公众的注意。为了醒目,标题的每个字母常大写。书面通知的格式: 标题:在正文上面正中的地方写上 NOTICE . 正文:包括具体的时间、地点、活动内容和注意事项。 单位:发通知的单位一般写在正文的右下角。有时也放于标题之上,起强调作用。 时间:一般写在左下角。书面通知语言比较规范,切忌使用模糊语言和俚语、俗语。通知中常用第三人称,且被动语态使用较多。便条便条是
64、一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单,但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快地把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有欠条、留言和请假条等。特点:1. 文内语言尽量通俗口语化,简单扼要,直截了当,无需使用客套语言。2. 便条虽简单,但中心务必突出,更要注明活动的时间及地点。3. 便条不需邮寄,不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。基本写作格式:便条内容和类型不尽相同,可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下基本要素:1)Date 2)Salutation 3)Body 4)Signature演讲稿Salutation, everyone/ladies and
65、gentlemen !It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.Some of us are having problems _.I fully understand _._to make sure _.They have probably _.Or perhaps they just _.My suggestion is _.If you _, write them _and _.Thank you !问候和称呼礼貌开始,表达自己的心情点明演讲的主题点明自己的看法持此看法的原因一 持此看法的原因二 持此看法的原因三
66、提出个人意见具体做法及结果礼貌结束语日记DateWeatherToday/This morning _.On arriving there, we/sb. _.First, we _.Then, we _.After that, we _.At last, we_.I think _.For _.Ill never for-get the memorable dat !日期天气活动的时间,地点,人物表明事情开端 叙述事情的发展/活动内容一事情进一步发展/活动内容二事情发展的高潮/活动内容三事情的结束 表明个人的看法或感受个人看法的原因总结全文,再次抒发自己的感情【小试牛刀】(江苏省南通、扬州、
67、泰州、淮安四市2017届高三下学期第三次模拟考试英语试题)请根据你对以下两幅图的理解,以“Opportunities favour the prepared mind ”为题,用英语写一篇作文。你的作文应包括以下内容:1. 简要描述两幅图的内容;2. 概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解;3. 举例说明两幅图对你的启示。注意:1. 可参照图片适当发挥;2. 作文词数150左右;3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。Opportunities favour the prepared mind_【答案】The two pictures reveal two men take c
68、ompletely different attitudes to building a bright future. In Picture 1, a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future, but without any action, while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared. The message conveyed here is clear, “Opportunities favour t
69、he prepared mind.” The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities. Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, work little and just wait, seeing them pass by. To further stress the importance of ou
70、r attitude towards opportunities, lets take Liu Xiang for example. In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics, he trained hard every day and eventually made it. Therefore, we should spare no efforts to fulfill our dreams. Its universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.写作时要求观点明确,要点全面,条理清楚。并注意运用宾语从句that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.和devotes to, make adequate preparations, In order to, spare no efforts 等词语及on the other hand, Therefore等连接词。版权所有:高考资源网()