1、Unit 23 Conflict 语法篇 _1、将来完成时2、过去完成时3、现在完成进行时4、现在分词的完成式5、情态动词+have done一， 将来完成时1. 构成：shall/will + have + done (shall用于第一人称)2. 用法：表示在将来某一时刻已经发生的动作，它常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如“by+将来时间”等，也可以与when或by the time引导的一般现在时态的从句连用。例：When they arrive tomorrow afternoon, I will have already left.By the time you get home, I
2、will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.二， 过去完成时1. 构成：had done2. 用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by, before等引导的介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在语境中。例：Lily had learned some English before she came to London.The play had already started when we got to the theatre.By the end of June they had treated ove
3、r 10,000 patients.三， 现在完成进行时1. 构成：have/has been doing2. 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能刚停止，也可能继续进行。例：I have been staying with my family on the coast.He has been learning English for 6 years.温馨提示：现在完成时：强调动作开始于过去，并持续到现在或过去的动作对现在产生影响。现在完成进行时：强调动作的持续性，需使用延续性动词。例：I have broken a teapot.I have been practicing
4、 the piano.四， 现在分词的完成式1. 构成：having done2. 用法：having done表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词的完成式主要用作状语，表示时间，原因等。表示时间：Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.表示原因：Having been there once, she knew the place quite well.3. 现在分词一般式与完成式的区别“现在分词一般式所表示的动词先于谓语动词发生，但两者之间没有时间间隔；而现在分词的完成式所表示的先于谓
5、语的动作则与谓语的动作有时间间隔。例：Locking the door, she went out.Having lost his job, he began to interest himself in local voluntary work.延续性动词的现在分词一般式往往表示动作在发生过程中谓语动词动作发生，而当现在分词动作在谓语动作前发生且持续一段时间时，必须用现在分词的完成式。例：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from others.Searching
6、the room, he found a wallet.五， 情态动词+have done1. 情态动词can/could(not), may/might(not)和must与have done连用，表示对过去事情的推测。He may/might not have known about it.2. 情态动词could(not), should(not)与have done连用，翻译为“本”.You should have faced the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?例 1. Tommy is planning to buy
7、 a car.I know. By next time month, he _ enough for a used one.A. savesB. savedC. will saveD. will have saved 解析：句意：Tommy正计划着买一辆车。我知道。到下个月，他将攒够足够的钱买一辆二手车。由by next month可知用将来完成时。答案：D。例 2. Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really. She _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easil
8、y.A. was to giveB. had givenC. was givingD. would give解析：句意：你们找到Ann的家有困难吗？没什么困难。她已经给了我们清晰的指示，我们能很容易找到。本题考查动词时态。动词give的动作发生在”were able to find”之前，符合过去完成时表示“过去的过去“的用法。故选B项。答案：B。例3. We _ for over 2 hours. Are you sure this is the right way?A. Have been drivingB. were drivingC. had drivenD. drove解析：句意：我
9、们已经开了两个多小时了，你确定这条路对吗？本题考查动词的时态。根据题干可知到目前为止我们一直在开始，所以用现在完成进行时。答案：A。例4. _ the past year as an exchange student in HONG Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. Spending B. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend解析：句意：作为一名交换生在香港度过一年后，Linda看起来比同龄人更成熟。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分析题干可知，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语Linda之间为主动关系，所
10、以排除B项；非谓语动词所表达的动作发生在句子谓语appears之前，所以用完成式，排除A项和D项，故答案为C项。答案：C。例5. （2019北京101中学高三测试）What do you think of the Didi Dache apps, Maria?They are handy for me. I _ private cars using the apps for half a year.A. have been hiringB. hiredC. had hiredD. hire 解析：句意为：Maria, 你觉得“滴滴打车”这款手机应用怎么样？对我来说是方便的。我用这款使用现在完成
11、进行时，表示“租用”这个动作从过去一直持续到现在而且还在进行。故答案选A。答案：A。基础演练一，根据句意，用括号内的词的正确形式填空。1. The Chinese government is trying to protect the giant panda.I know. By 2020, they _(add) about 69.500 square miles of land to the countrys nature reserve system.2. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book i
12、n the caf.3. The manager _(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.4. _(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.Keys： 1. will have added2. had left 3. has been telling4. having worked 巩固提高单项选择。1. People are recycling many things which they _ away in the pas
13、t.A. had thrownB. will be throwingC. were throwingD. would have thrown2. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should3. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustntB. cantC. wontD. neednt4.（2019北京朝阳高三二模） _ all my money on the car, I ca
14、nt afford a holiday with my friend this summer.A. SpendingB. SpendC. To spendD. Having spent5. （2019北京房山高三二模）Tony, your hands are so dirty! What happened?I _ this room all the afternoon.A. had printedB. have been paintingC. will paintD. painted6. （2019北京丰台高三一模）Sams bakery _ a partnership with a loca
15、l coffee company. Now they serve great coffee.A. has formedB. would formC. is formingD. will form7. （2019北京东城高三二模）Mum, wheres my packed lunch?In the kitchen. I _ you two sandwiches.A. makeB. am makingC. have madeD. will make8. Their father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river
16、every Sunday afternoon.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going9. Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not. He is said _ the gate already as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left10. The international agreement, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people
17、 kick the habit, was signed on February 27.A. intending toB. being intended toC. intended toD. to intend to11. My father recommended that I _ my officer.A. didnt disobeyB. not to disobeyC. not disobeyD. mustnt disobeyKeys：1-11 DDBDB ACCAC C单项选择。1. As a couple, the Smiths can always make the _ decisi
18、on to work out their problems.A. conventionalB. courageousC. consciousD. compulsory2. An unhappy childhood may have some negatives effects on a persons character; however, they are not always _.A. practicalB. avoidableC. permanentD. beneficial3. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats a
19、nd the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _ his personality.A. resemblesB. strengthensC. reflectsD. shapes4. My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.A. put awayB. put upC. put onD. put together5. Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.A. turned on
20、B. turned inC. turned aroundD. turned out6. Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.A. had he realizedB. did he realizeC. he realizedD. he had realized7. I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village.A. the, aB
21、. a, / C. a, the D. the, /8. Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A. bothB. neitherC. noneD. either9. Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background.A. due toB. except forC. along withD. regardless of10. James has just arrived, but I didnt kn
22、ow he _ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had come D. came11. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.A. recognizingB. being recognized C. having recognizedD. having been recognized12. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite
23、 unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it13. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.A. whatB. howC. thatD. whether14. Today there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying15. _ me tomorrow an
24、d Ill let you know the experiment result.A. CallingB. CallC. To callD. Having calledKeys: 1-15 CCCAD BABDB BBABB _一， 完型填空。There are different kinds of swallows (燕子). 1 swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests (巢) 2 the roofs (屋檐). They make their nests of 3 and grass.It takes
25、several days for them to build a nest. They build a small bit every day, and they have to 4 in the early morning, 5 the sun may dry it 6 they go on with their work.The swallow lays five or six white 7 at a time. The mother bird 8 on them, and the father bird watches by her side and 9 her. Swallows f
26、ly quickly. They never get tired. What is a thousand kilometers to them since they can 10 nearly one hundred kilometers an hour?You must not think that when swallows fly 11 your head , they are not working. No! Life is work for them. They work very 12 when young birds have been hatched (孵化). The you
27、ng ones eat 13 and the old birds have to be on the wing (飞翔) from early morning till late at night.14 the young birds can fly well, 15 the old swallows cannot rest. They begin at once to think about their second 16 , for they have two broods (一窝) every season.When the second brood are on the wing, i
28、t is time to think about going to 17 countries, because the nights have grown longer and colder, the leaves have become 18 , and there are not so much food 19 before.When winter is near, they must leave the cold place, when 20 come, they will return.1. A. AnotherB. ManyC. Some D. Few2. A. overB. bet
29、weenC. far fromD. under3. A. sandB. earthC. stonesD. wood4. A. workB. restC. sleep D. play5. A. butB. because C. so that D. so6. A. afterB. until C. while D. before7. A. eggsB. children C. babies D. birds8. A. standsB. lies C. sits D. flies9. A. protectsB. feeds C. waits for D. looks for10. A. runB.
30、 walk C. fly D. jump11. A. over B. across C. crossing D. near12. A. slowly B. hard C. quietly D. noisily13. A. little B. a little C. lot D. a lot14. A. At last B. At first C. At once D. All the time15. A. and B. but C. because D. so16. A. team B. group C. family D. class17. A. cooler B. warmer C. ho
31、tter D. colder18. A. yellow B. red C. green D. purple19. A. like B. as C. so D. such20. A. summer B. autumn C. spring D. winterKeys:1-20. CDBAC DAABC ABDAB CBABC三，写作。假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100-120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容。1. 说明写信的目的；2. 对这些行为进行批评；3. 提出建议。注意：信的抬头，落款及信的第
32、一句已给出（不计词数）。 June 8, 2019Dear Mr. Headmaster, I am Li Yue, a student from Class1, Senior2. _Key:I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students: littering and scribbling. It makes our school dirty and unpleasant, and does harm to the imagine of our school. I always fe
33、el ashamed whenever I see this. It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behavior. At the same time, students should be encourage to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.
