1、初中英语中考综合复习专题复习-动词总结一 定义：被动语态，英文名称：passive voice，是动词的一种表现形式，说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二 构成：be +done 三 不同时态语境下的被动语态时态语境分类结构模式1一般现在时is / am / are + done2一般过去时was / were + done3一般将来时will / shall + be + donebe going to + be + done4现在进行时is / am / are + being + done
2、5过去进行时was / were + being + done6现在完成时have / has + been + done7情态动词情态动词 + be + done8非谓语动词动词 + to be + done【例句演示】1一般现在时I am asked a question by him.The desk is cleaned by me.2 一般过去时Some gifts were bought for his children by him.Some work was done by Lucy.3 一般将来时Homework will be finished tomorrow.The w
3、all is going to be painted next year.4 现在进行时A lovely doll is being made by Mia.A story is being told in the museum.5 过去进行时A lovely doll is being made by Mia when I called her.A story is being told in the museum when I entered the room.6 现在完成时The building has been built.The dinner has been prepared b
4、y my mother.7 情态动词The work must be done on time.The baby should be taken good care of.8 非谓语动词The hair needs to be cleaned.The textbook needs to be printed.四 易错点：1 be动词会根据时态和主语的变化而变化，动词的过去分词done是固定不变 2 注意原主语变成宾语后，需要把主格变成宾格。五 做题规律-如何把主动语态变成被动语态步骤1 找出句子中的成分：主谓宾I water flowers.(主语) （谓语） （宾语）步骤2 交换句子成分：把
5、主语（动作发出者）和宾语（动作承受者）交换位置Flowers water me.（原宾语） （原谓语） (原主语) 【此时句子只是部分变化，还不完全正确！注意原主语变成宾语后，需要把主格变成宾格。】步骤3 改变谓语形式：把原句中的谓语从do变换成be done的形式，注意时态【此时句子只是部分变化，还不完全正确！】步骤4 强调动作发出者时，需要加上by sb. Flowers are watered by me.（原宾语） （原谓语） (原主语) 【成功变化！】【模拟演练】1. A new skyscraper _ in this city next year. A. builds B. bu
6、ilt C. is built D. will be built答案：D解析：“明年，一栋新的摩天大楼将在这座城市被建立。”根据句意可知，“新的摩天大楼将于明年被修建”，属于一般将来时的被动语态，此处为固定搭配will / shall + be + done，因此选D。2. Flowers _ along the road last year.A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 答案：D解析：“去年，鲜花被沿路种植。”根据句意可知，“鲜花在去年被沿路种植”，属于一般过去时的被动语态，固定搭配为was / were + done，
7、又因此处是复数形式，因此是“were planted”。3. Today, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere. A. use B. are usedC. used D. were used 答案：B解析：“如今，电脑真的很有帮助。它们被随处使用。”根据句意可知，“如今，电脑被随处使用”，属于一般现在时的被动语态，固定搭配为is / am / are + done，又因此处是复数形式，因此是“are used”。4. Many accidents _ by careless drivers last year. A. are caus
8、ed B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause答案：B解析：“去年，许多事故由粗心的司机造成。”根据句意可知，“去年，许多事故由粗心的司机造成”，属于一般过去时的被动语态，固定搭配为was / were + done，又因此处是复数形式，因此是“were caused”。5. The road _ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built答案：C解析：“去年，这条路被修建。”根据句意可知，“这条路于去年被修建”，属于一般过去时的被动语态，固定搭配为was / were + done，又因此处是单数形式，因此是“was built”。
