1、课时作业.阅读理解A(2020陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测) A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prizethe highest accolad
2、e in the field of animal conservationfor his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the
3、 time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds nests and hatching them under incubators (孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the w
4、ild.A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.Prof Jones was aw
5、arded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didnt enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was
6、 fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly importa
7、nt to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。卡尔琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，然而，他后来在保护动物领域被授予“诺贝尔奖”，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。1.What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2？A.Return.BLevel.C.Honor.DResearch.答案：C词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词
8、意为“荣誉”。2.According to the passage, Great Auk is _.A.an endangered birdBan extinct birdC.a popular birdDa fierce bird答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。3.What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4？A.Taking eggs from the n
9、ests has worked well.B.The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.C.The kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.D.Its difficult to protect kestrel.答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wi
10、ld.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼。10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋进行人工繁殖的方法效果很好。4.Prof Jones idea of taking eggs from the birds nests _.A.was proved of no useB.was widely acceptedC.was promoted officiallyD.was criticized by some people答案：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“. the tension of
11、 the criticism I received .”“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques . in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。B(2019浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change se
12、ems to be a major factor (因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels abo
13、ve Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters tar
14、geted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 201
15、0, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a com
16、puter model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the st
17、ate have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。5.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A.The seriousness of bigtree l
18、oss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.答案：A段落大意题。第二段通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。6.Which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees？A.Eco
19、logical studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.答案：D推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素：woodcutters，housing development与aggressive wildfire control。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确。7
20、.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？A.Inadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.DDampness of the air.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“. the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures .”可知，水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。8.W
21、hat can be a suitable title for the text？A.Californias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？D.Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California答案：A标题判断题。本文第一段就点出主题：California has l
22、ost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故A项作为标题最合适。.七选五(2019山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)Things You Can Do for the OceanThe ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. _1_. Its time for you to do something f
23、or the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today._2_.The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose oceanfriendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travel
24、ling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! _3_. You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.Leave natural areas
25、 and beaches better than you found them. _4_， or get together with likeminded members of your community by participating in a local beach cleanup. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact wate
26、r quality globally. _5_. You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.A.And this in turn affects ultimately human lifeB.The ocean pollution has been a serious problemC.Eat sustainable seaf
27、ood and carry a reusable cupD.Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the wayE.You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animalsF.You should use poisonless household products whenever possibleG.Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic篇章导读：本文是一篇说明
28、文。作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了一些建议。1.A上文提到了海洋的作用和影响，A项“并且这些反过来会最终影响人类的生活。”在语意和结构上与设空处前一句构成顺承和递进关系，故选A。2.C由第二段内容可知，这一段主要讲了吃可再生的海鲜和使用可重复使用的杯子的问题，故选C。3.G设空前一句指出塑料对于海洋的严重污染，设空后一句提到了减少使用塑料的方法，G项“拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料使用的有效方法。”符合语境，故选G。4.D上下文提到了清理海滩的活动，D项“带一个小包，沿途捡拾垃圾。”符合语境，指出了具体的实施方法，故选D。5.F下一句“You should correctly de
29、al with dangerous materials.”(你应该正确地处理危险物品。)表明设空处应谈及有毒或无毒的问题，故F项“你应该使用无毒家居产品。”符合语境，故选F。.语法填空(2020惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Today, Mount Qomolangmas peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3,500 people have _1_ (successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about _2_
30、 (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.In fact, the dangerous _3_ (crowd) arent the only problem. All those climbers need _4_ (bring) a lot of gear (设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the worlds _5_ (tall) rubbish dump. But the good news is _6_ some mountaineers have
31、 started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they _7_ (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.Some of that rubbish is even being used for _8_ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art P
32、roject, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. Theyve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited _9_ Nepals capital. Part of the profit from sales _10_ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect
33、rubbish off the mountain.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。1.successfully考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填successfully。2.waiting考查非谓语动词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。3.crowds考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语arent为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。4.to bri
34、ng考查非谓语动词。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth. “需要做某事”。5.tallest考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the worlds表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。6.that考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，无语意，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。7.have collected考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填h
35、ave collected。8.a考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。9.in考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in “在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。10.is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，表示单数概念，应填is。.书面表达(2019陕西名校联盟高三模拟联考卷)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter发邮件向你询问中国的植树节(Tree Planting Day)的相关信息。请你回复邮件
36、，内容包括：1.节日日期及其主要活动；2.人们重视植树节的原因；3.建议他来中国体验。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文Dear Peter，Im very glad to receive your letter and give a brief introduction to Tree Planting Day in our country.Tree Planting Day, which falls on March 12th every year, is a significant festival in China. On this day, co
37、untry leaders, civil servants, company employees and even school pupils offer to go outdoors to plant trees.Why do people attach so much importance to the festival? For one thing, more and more people have realized the urgency of environmental protection. For another, some measures the government takes to encourage people to plant more trees play a key part.Do you want to know more about the festival? I strongly suggest that you come to China and experience it. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua
