1、第五讲 定语从句的写作根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫作先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。一、定语从句关系词的基本用法 关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物或事主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点
2、状语why原因名词原因状语As the saying goes，“All roads lead to Rome.”正如谚语所说：“条条大路通罗马”。We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July,which will makes us very excited.我们将参加今年7月由你们学校举办的夏令营，这使得我们非常激动。二、运用定语从句的注意事项运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。将下列每组句子连成一个
3、含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.The foreigner who主语visited谓语our class宾语yesterday状语 is from Canada.Mrs.Wang is the teacher.Her son was admitted to Peking University.Mrs.Wang is the teacher whose定语son主语was admitted谓语to Peking University状语.Our teacher t
4、old us such a story.It moved us all to tears.Our teacher told us such a story as主语moved谓语 us all宾语 to tears状语.I will never forget the days.We worked in that small town in those days.I will never forget the days when状语we主语worked谓语in that small town状语.三、as 引导的定语从句as 引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下：(1)关系代
5、词 as 用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型 asas(和一样大/高/深)，the sameas(和一样/同类)，suchas(诸如)中。Such books as主语have谓语 bad effect宾语 on children状语 should not be published.I bought the same dress as宾语you主语did谓语last week状语.(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语、宾语等，as引导的从句可在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。虽然which也有此用法，但它引导的定语从句位于主句后。As宾语you
6、主语can see谓语，he is very successful as a writer.We collected money for these poor children，as主语had been decided谓语 at the meeting状语.She always criticized Tom，which主语made谓语him宾语very unhappy宾语补足语.(3)as常用于以下固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to
7、all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月球每个月绕地球转一周。As is mentioned above，I will devote myself entirely to my senior high school life.正如上面所提到的一样，我将会全身心投入到我的高中生活。.把下列每题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合
8、句1Winter is the time of year.The days are short and nights are long._2He hasnt got enough money.He can buy the computer with it._3The wolves hid themselves in the places.They couldnt be found._4The freezing point is the temperature.Water changes into ice at the temperature._5That tree is very old.It
9、s branches are almost bare._【答案】1.Winter is the time of year when the days are short and nights are long.2.He hasnt got enough money with which he can buy the computer.3.The wolves hid themselves in the places which couldnt be found.4.The freezing point is the temperature at which water changes into
10、 ice.5.That tree whose branches are almost bare is very old.用定语从句完成句子1Anyone _ may speak out.(against)任何反对这个观点的人都可以说出来。2He has lost the key to the drawer _.(keep)他丢了放置文件的抽屉的钥匙。3He is not _.(a fool)他不像看上去的那么傻。4The number of the people who _.(own)拥有车的人的数量正在增加。5_ yesterday，the murderer had been sentenc
11、ed to life in prison.(report)正如昨天报道的那样，那名杀人犯已经被判处无期徒刑了。【答案】1.who is against the opinion 2.where the papers are kept 3.such a fool as he looks 4.own cars is increasing 5As was reported.用定语从句翻译句子1我赞同苏珊，她的文章让我想起了我当作家的父亲送给我的一支笔。(whose，who)_2一年一度的将于7月1517日举行的英语节，正在为Talent Show,Speech Contest和English Deba
12、te节目招募20名服务的志愿者。(which)_3我将组织一些校园活动，像英语晚会，这是一个学生可以展示英语的平台。(where)_4另外，每个学生都可以与外国朋友和谐相处，这使得你与他们相处变得更加容易。(which)_5正如我们老师所指出的一样，当我们有不同观点的时候，我们可以为对方再考虑一下。(as)_【答案】1.I agree with Susan，whose article reminds me of my gift，a pen，given by my father，who is a writer.2.Our annual English Festival,which will be
13、 held on June 1517,is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show,Speech Contest,and English Debate.3.I will organize some campus activities，like“English Evening”，a platform where students can show their English.4.In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign
14、friends，which makes it easier for you to get along with them.5.As is pointed out by our teacher,we should consider it again for each other when we have different views.阅读下面这篇短文，根据短文内容，用定语从句进行改写Dear Editor，Im writing to tell you about the very discussion.We had a discussion about charging entrance fe
15、e for parks.Some students are against it.They take up 60%.The park is a public place.People can enjoy themselves in the park here.If people must buy a ticket,a gate and walls have to be built for a park.It will make a city look ugly.Some students are in favor of the idea.They take up 40%.They think
16、ticket selling can make some money.With the money,we can pay the gardeners in the park and buy some other kinds of flowers and trees.Yours truly，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Editor，Im writing to tell you about the very discussion(that)we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged.Those who are aga
17、inst it take up 60%，for a park is a public place where/in which people can enjoy themselves.Whats more，if a ticket must be bought，a gate and walls have to be built for a park,which will make a city look ugly.On the contrary,those who are in favor of the idea take up 40%.In their opinion,ticket selling can make some money，with which we can pay the gardeners in the park and buy some other kinds of flowers and trees.Yours truly，Li Hua
