1、it形式主语1These a_ (惹人喜爱的) tree-hugging animals feed on tree leaves.（根据汉语意思填空）【答案】adorable【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些惹人喜爱的抱树动物以树叶为食。分析句子可知，adorable意为“惹人喜爱的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语修饰animals，表示惹人喜爱的动物，符合句意。故填adorable。2The novel has achieved e_(巨大的) popularity in Britain. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】enormous【详解】考查形容词。句意：这部小说在英国大受欢迎。根据汉语及首字母
2、提示可知，此处使用形容词enormous。故填enormous。3The _(水族馆) is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】aquarium【详解】考查名词。句意：水族馆是你游览这座城市时不能错过的地方。分析句子可知，aquarium意为“水族馆”，名词词性，在句中作主语，表示水族馆是你不能错过的地方，符合句意。故填aquarium。4She excelled at impersonations of his teachers, which provided great_(娱
3、乐) for him. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】amusement【详解】考查名词。句意：她擅长模仿他的老师，这给他带来了极大的乐趣。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，great意为“极大的”，形容词词性，后接名词，amusement意为“娱乐”，名词词性，作provide的宾语。故填amusement。5I remember loving to go there and just _(闲逛) around and look at all the toys. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】wander【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我记得我喜欢去那里逛逛，看看所有的玩具。love to d
4、o喜欢做某事，该用法是固定用法，该空与go和look at并列，用动词原形，所以填wander。6His arms _ (摇摆) a lot as he walks alone on the path. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】swing【详解】考查动词。句意：他一个人在小路上走的时候，手臂经常摆动。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用动词wing，作谓语，由as he walks alone on the path可知，应使用一般现在时，His arms是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故填swing。7In an electric power plant, the heat turns water
5、 into high-pressure_ (蒸汽). （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】steam【详解】考查名词。句意：在发电厂，热量把水变成高压蒸汽。分析句意，steam译为“ 蒸汽”为不可数名词。作into的宾语。此处符合题意。故填steam。8There was a period of excessive warmth which melted some of the _(极地的) ice. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】polar【详解】考查形容词。句意：有一段时间气温过高，使极地的一些冰融化了。该空修饰名词ice，用形容词，所以填polar。9The sandwich took the e
6、dge off my _(胃口). （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】appetite【详解】考查名词。句意：三明治使我胃口大减。off为介词后接名词。根据汉语提示，所以填名词appetite。故填appetite。10I always read her _(栏目) in the local paper. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】column【详解】考查名词。句意：我经常在当地报纸上看到她的专栏。分析句意，column译为“专栏”为不可数名词，作read的宾语。故填column。语法专题（it作形式主语）（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句1.It is clear ( obvious， true，
7、possible， certain.) that .该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（
8、should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. 2. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. 该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如： I
9、ts said that Tom has come back from abroad.People say that Tom has come back from abroad.He is said to have come back from abroad. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令.） It is suggest
10、ed that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 3.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ 4. It happens (seems
11、， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：He happened to meet his teacher in the street.5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语 （1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，di
12、scussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet. 我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。 （2）It doesnt matter（Its no wonder；It doesnt make too much difference等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 It doesnt matter whether we go together or separately.我们
13、一起去还是分开去都可以。 练习：11It is not a problem_we can win the battle;its just a matter of time. (用适当的词填空)【答案】whether【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故答案为whether。12It is likely_you could suffer from bad health if you keep s
14、moking.(用适当的单词填空)【答案】that【详解】考查主语从句。句意：如果你继续吸烟，你的身体很可能会不好。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是you could suffer from bad health，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。13It never occurred to me_you could persuade him to change his mind. （按要求补全句子）【答案】that【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我从没想到过你能说服他改变主意。It是形式主语，真正的主语是_ you could succ
15、eed in persuading him to change his mind这一主语从句，且从句不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导。故填that。14It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】how【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们怎么能在这么短的时间内弄到这么多钱还是个问题。此处为主语从句，it作形式主语，主语从句中缺少方式状语，表示“怎么，如何”故应用how。故填how。15It is recognised _ the environmental poll
16、ution has become more and more serious.（用适当的单词填空）【答案】that【详解】考查主语从句。句意：人们认识到环境污染已变得越来越严重。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句结构，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.”，且该从句句意完整，也不缺少主语和宾语，因此，该从句应该用that引导。故填that。16_occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.
17、(用适当的词填空)【答案】It【详解】考查形式主语it。句意：我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错误的。It occurred to sb. that.“某人突然想到”，分析句子可知，that引导主语从句，用it作形式主语，故填It。17_ is obvious that he has finished his work. (用适当的词填空)【答案】It【详解】考查形式主语。句意：很明显，他已经完成了他的工作。分析句子结构，后面的从句that he has finished his work是句子真正的主语，放在句末，前面需要使用形式主语，句子第一个单词首字母大写，所以填It。18_is gen
18、erally recognized that he is one of the most famous musicians in our country. （用适当的单词填空）【答案】It【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：众所周知，他是我国最著名的音乐家之一。分析句子可知，句中存在主语从句“that he is one of the most famous musicians in our country”后置，应使用形式主语it指代主语从句位于句首。故填It。19_ is not easy to balance his family with work as a researcher. （用
19、适当的单词填空）【答案】It【详解】考查it用作形式主语。句意：作为研究人员，很难把家庭和工作平衡。本句中真正的主语为 to balance his family with work，为了句式平衡，使用it作为形式主语。it用作形式主语的结构为It is + adj. + to do sth. 故填It。20_ is not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces. （用适当的单词填空）【答案】It【详解】考查形式主语。句意：使用太多的小色块并不是一个好主意。此处用it 作形式主语，动词不定式短语to use too many
20、 small color pieces作真正的主语，首字母大写。故填It。阅读理解 On the banks of Tanzanias Lake Eyasi lives the worlds last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落) the Hadza. They dont grow food, raise animals or build houses. Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.Their world is one of complete freedom so
21、mething modern society can barely imagine and is unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. Text messages and phone calls dont exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money the closest thing to cur
22、rency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.We spent our time with the Hadza hunting baboons (狒狒), a daily activity for the men. Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions. But a successful hunting trip is the difference between eating or
23、going hungry.The Hadza diet consists mainly of honey, fruit and meat. Men often hunt in pairs to shoot animals with bows and arrows. The Hadza show us how to track animals, from baboons to snakes to lions. They are hugely skilled with their handmade bows and arrows we have a go and barely get the ar
24、row to go three feet in front of us.The language of the Hadza is believed to be the oldest still-spoken language known to man. The Hadza dont have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get
25、from their land more than they need.Unlike modern-day office workers, the Hadza enjoy an extraordinary amount of free time. Their “work” hunting for food takes up around five hours of their day. Theyve been in such a state of peaceful existence for thousands of years.21We can learn from the text tha
26、t the Hadza_.Alead a very simple lifeBlive on traditional agricultureChave their own system of currencyDshow a lot of interest in new technology22Which of the following can describe the Hadzas environment?AStressful.BComfortable.CExciting.DDangerous.23The relationship between the Hadza and nature_.A
27、is going wrongBis full of conflictCis in perfect harmonyDis changing all the time24Why does the author come to visit the Hadza?ATo study their native language.BTo get to know their way of life.CTo learn survival skills from them.DTo persuade them to protect animals.【答案】21A22D23C24B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍
28、了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。21推理判断题。根据第一和第二段中的“Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years. Text messages and phone calls dont exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money the clo
29、sest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.”可知，他们过着一万年不变的生活短信和电话根本不存在。汽车和电力也没有。没有工作、时间表和社会结构。没有法律、税收。难以置信的是，没有钱。由此可以推知，the Hadza过着非常简单的生活。A选项正确。22推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions”可知，他们的土地上满是锋利的灌木丛，
30、毒蛇和食人狮。由此可知，他们的环境非常危险。故选D.23推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Hadza dont have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.”可知，哈扎人没有冲突，也没有饥饿的记忆。它的人口从未达到通过狩猎或采集无法维持的数量。他们从
31、自己的土地上得到的东西从来不超过他们所需要的。由此可知，他们和自然和谐相处。故C选项正确。24推理判断题。文章主要介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。由文章的主要内容可以推知，作者来参观the Hadza就是为了了解他们的生活方式。故选B.写作（改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写
32、出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Today Id like to shares my personal experience in improving our English writing skills. The ability to write in English is becoming increasing important in English communication as well as in examinations. Thus, it was worth focusing our attention on.
33、 In order to write a good essay, we should have a excellent command of over 2,000 frequently-used English word. Its necessary and useful for them to read or even recite beautiful English articles. Beside, as the saying goes, that practice makes perfect, so we should take every possible chance to wri
34、te in English. According my personal experience, keep a diary every day is a good means to achieve the aim【答案】【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者分享了自己提高英语写作的一些方法技巧。【详解】1. 考查固定用法。句意：今天我想和大家分享一下我个人在提高英语写作技巧方面的经验。短语would like to do sth.“想要做某事”后跟不定式，故shares改为share。2. 考查副词。句意：英语写作能力在英语交流和考试中变得越来越重要。important是形容词，要用副词修饰。故
35、increasing改为increasingly。3. 考查动词时态。句意：因此，值得我们关注。全文讲述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时态。故was改为is。4. 考查冠词。句意：要写好一篇文章，我们必须熟练掌握2000多个常用英语单词。command做“要求”将是可数名词，且excellent为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词an。故a改为an。5. 考查名词的数。word为可数名词，其前有数词2000修饰时要用复数形式。故word改为words。6. 考查代词。句意：对我们来说，阅读甚至背诵漂亮的英语文章是必要和有用的。根据文中可知，讲的是如何提高我们的英语写作技能，用代词us。故them改
36、为us。7. 考查副词。句意：此外，俗话说，熟能生巧，所以我们应该抓住每一个可能的机会用英语写作。beside意为在旁边；在附近，是介词，besides意为而且，也，是副词。故Beside改为Besides。8. 考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，已有关系代词as，that是多余的，故去掉that。9. 考查固定搭配。句意：根据我个人经验，每天写日记是达到这个目的的好方法。according to意为（表示依据）根据，按照，是固定搭配。故According后添加to。10.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，句中缺少主语，故用动名词短语keeping a diary every day
37、作主语。故keep改为keeping。【点睛】在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有一下几类：1.名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。如第五小题，考查名词的数。word为可数名词，其前有数词2000修饰时要用复数形式。故word改为words。2.动词：时态和语态，常出现在整体时态为过去或现在时中间混杂另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接v.-ing形式的接了to，或相反等。3.形容词、副词：混用。关系副词when, where, why等的错用。4.介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。5
38、.主谓一致性：如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词却用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。6.冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常与the一起使用的词却漏掉了the。a, an的混用，首字母发音是元音音素，则用an，如：an hour；反之用a，如：a useful book, a university.如第四小题，考查冠词。句意：要写好一篇文章，我们必须熟练掌握2000多个常用英语单词。command做“要求”将是可数名词，且excellent为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词an。故a改为an。7.数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等。基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如：seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。8.连词：转折，因果，并列。9.代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应用形容词性物主代词却没用。关系代词的错用，如只能用that引导的用了其他，或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。10.常用固定短语用错。
