1、非谓语动词动名词现在分词过去分词不定式动名词1.作主语Smoking is not allowed here.His coming here will be a great help.2.作宾语I always enjoy going to the movie.Would you mind making a little less noise?Youd better avoid putting coins near the child.I cant help thinking so.Have you finished doing the experiment?I suggest waiting
2、 till the right time.He didnt admit having made a big mistake.How can you escape being punished?I dont feel like eating ice cream now.I cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort.Please forgive my treating you like that.Have you considered going abroad for further study?You should practice speaking E
3、nglish whenever possible.We must risk getting caught in a storm.He insisted on giving the prize to his advisor.He succeeded in discovering the new element.My father has given up smoking.Im looking forward to returning home.Are you used to eating Chinese food?动名词与不定式作宾语的区别When he told us the story,we
4、 just couldnt stop laughing.（停止作）On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper.（停下来去作）I remember telling my mother.（记得做过）Do remember to tell your mother.（记得去做）I regret not having told her earlier.（对作过的事表示后悔）I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.（遗憾地；动作正在发生或将要发生）Have you forgotten meeting her be
5、fore?（忘记做过）I forgot to post the letter.（忘记去做）Ill try persuading the guard.（试着，试验）The angry man tried to calm down.（尽力）3.作定语动名词作定语表示名词的用途shopping center living condition walking stick reading room 现在分词表名词进行的状态Sleeping boy rising sun Missing the train means waiting for an hour.（意味着）Where do you mean t
6、o go in your vocation?（计划，打算）现在分词1.作定语表示主动，进行的意义，可改为定语从句Dont wake up the sleeping boy.(Dont wake up the boy who is sleeping)There is a piano standing in the corner.(There is a piano which is standing in the corner)2.作宾补1）感官动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listen to,look at,smell,feel,find接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的主动意
7、义I saw the dog digging holes in the yard.Can you hear somebody playing the piano?Look at the snow falling.She smelt something burning.2）使役动词如have,get,set,keep,leave,catch接现在分词作宾补，强调动作的持续性The boss has them working all day long.Can you keep the clock going?The joke set them all laughing.His action set
8、 me wondering.The teacher often caught him sleeping in class.3.作状语1）时间：Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.When leaving the airport,they waved again and again to us.2）原因：Being festival,the shops are crowded.3）伴随：He walked down the hill,singing softly to himself.4）条件：If traveling n
9、orth,you must change at Leeds.Please pay in cash,unless payingby credit card.5）让步：Although getting up early,he was late for the meeting.6）结果：The scientist died all of a sudden,leaving the project unfinished.现在分词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般式 doing being done 完成式 having donehaving been doneArriving at the station
10、,they found the train had already gone.Having finished her homework,she went to bed.Not being invited,the girl attend the party.Having been sent to the countryside,he had to leave the city.The building being built mow is our physics lab.4.分词的完成式(having done)表示分词的动作发生在主句动作之前Having invited him here to
11、 speak,wed better go to his lecture.Having been ill for a long time,he needs more time to recover.5.特殊用法1）用于禁令中：No smoking.No parking.2）用于come,go之后：Come dancing this evening.Yesterday we went sight-seeing.3）表示被动：The works of Shakespeare are worth reading.My hair needs cutting.The project wants/requi
12、res discussing.6.其它常见说法Im busy doing my homework.Do you have any difficulty in finding a job?He spent two months(in)finishing the story.It is no use trying to excuse yourself.It is no good complaining now.Dont waste time talking.Theres no telling what will happen.（说不好）There is no point in explaining
13、.（毫无意义）过去分词1.作表语:用于被动语态或表示状态The glass is broken.He was lost in thought.2作定语：表示被动，完成的意义developed country;fallen leaves;lost childIs this the book written by Henry James?Half of the guests invited to the party were foreigners.3作宾补(make/have/get done)She cant make herself understood in English.The writ
14、er made himself known by this novel.He couldnt make himself believed.Can you have the radio repaired?He managed to get it done on time.4作状语1）时间：Seen from a distance,the islandlooks like a cloud.2）原因：Surprised at the news,I wasunable to say a word.3）伴随：She turned up,dressed in pink.4）方式：He hurried in
15、,followed by twoguards.5）条件：Given enough time,I could do it better.Unless changed,this law will make life difficult for farmers.6）让步：Although made twenty years ago,the TV is still in perfect order.不定式1作主语To swim in the sea is great fun.What to do next will be discussed later.It is important to be co
16、nfident.It takes about 5 or 6 hours to get there.2作宾语英语中下面几类词用不定式作宾语：1）hope,want,expect,wish,desire等表示希望，想要的动词The thief desired to get that largesum of money.2）like,love,dislike,hate 等表示好恶的动词I hate to ask my parents for money.3）plan,intend,mean,prepare等表示计划，打算的动词I meant to help you but I was too bus
17、y.4）decide,determine 等表示决定的动词We are determined to teach him a good lesson.5）其它I cant afford to buy a car.My parents agreed to buy me a new bike.Everyone in the village helped(to)build the Youth Center.I failed to pass the exam.He managed to go to a famous university.Lets continue to practice.I dont
18、dare to ask the teacher about my scores.You need to study harder from now on.3.作表语1）表示将要发生的事The question is where to find water.What worries me is to speak at the meeting.2）表示目的性The purpose of this program is to introduce knowledge about science to the youth.3）表示情态意义（应该）Nobody is to know.（不应让任何人知道）S
19、he is to blame.（她应该受到责备）What am I to do if I fail the exam?4作宾补英语中下面几类词用不定式作宾补：1）let,have,make,get等表示使役的动词let/have/make sb.do get sb.to do2）ask,tell,request,order等表示要求，命令的动词The chairman requested the membersto be silent.3）allow,permit,forbid等表示许可或禁止的动词The guard forbade me to enter.4）wish,want,expect
20、,intend等表示希望的动词(hope无此用法)Many parents expect their children to study abroad.5）see,hear,watch,feel,notice等表示感观的动词I noticed tears come into his eyes.注：这些词后的不定式均不带to6）think,consider,believe,find,know,suppose,prove等表示认为，相信，证明的动词I consider him to be one of the bestsingers in the country.Its proved to be
21、true.She is believed to have gone to the USA.7）其它He advised me to read English as often as possible.Im sure this treatment will help him(to)be cured.How can I persuade my father to give up smoking.He was encouraged to do something new for a change.Police warned drivers to avoid the roads through the
22、 center of town.It caused the little boy to cry loudly.The students are forced to do somethingthey dont like at all.I was invited to go to Jennys wedding party.Please remind me to take the raincoat.5作定语1）不定式与所修饰的词有动宾关系（注：如不定式为不及物动词，其后应有介词）I had only five dollars to spare at the end of the travel.He
23、is a pleasant person to work with.This is a good rule to go by.2）不定式作定语表示即将发生Im busy preparing for the exam to comein a few weeks.The lecture to follow is about America.3）常跟不定式作定语的名词Autumn is the time to visit Beijing.Thank you for giving me the chanceto make the speech.Its a good way to make girls
24、happy.He made a great effort to improve his English.Chapline is the first to spread movie to all people.He would be the last to agree to the plan.He is the best to attend the competition.6.作状语1）表目的The whole family went to beach tospend their weekend.I wrote to the advertiser in order toget more info
25、rmation.Lets hurry so as not to be late.2）表原因He is shocked to hear of the accident.Im sorry to trouble you.3）表结果You must be crazy to cheat in the exam.I went to the classroom only to findnobody there.7疑问词+不定式I really dont know which one to choose.She learned how to drive just recently.Can you tell m
26、e what to do now?Please show me how to start the engine.8不定式的独立结构To tell the truth,I know nothing about it.（说实话）To be exact,he is a middle-aged man.（确切地说）To be frank with you,I dont care at all.（坦白地说）To be sure,we can do it well.（当然）To be honest,you dont fit for the job.（老实说）To put it another way,yo
27、u must get an Ain the following exam.（换句话说）To be brief,this is what we must do.（简言之）To conclude,you have to try your bestto win the match.（总之）To do him justice,he is not a bad person.（说句公道话）To begin with,I want to introduce myself.（首先）9.其它常见用法1)It is/was+adj.+of/for sb.to do当形容词属于人的内在品质或表现时，用of,如cle
28、ver,foolish,wrong,nice,brave；表示作某事对于某人来说如何，用for，如important,necessary,easy,difficult,possibleIt was very thoughtful（关心体贴的）of herto come to see me when I was ill.Its impossible for him to get rid of his bad habits.2)常接不定式的形容词Im anxious/eager to know the result.（渴望）Hes always willing to help others.Im
29、able to do it by myself.My grandparents are content to live in the countryside.（满足于）Please feel free to ask questions.（随便）Im ready to go.Hes likely to be late.（可能）3)It takes/took(sb.)+time+to do sth.It takes ten minutes to walk to the station.5)Why(not)/Why dont you doWhy not go to the show with us
30、tonight?4)had better doYoud better not play joke on him.6)would rather doId rather be told the truth than be lied to.7)tooto/enough toIm too tired to stay up later.The pear is ripe enough to eat.8)would prefer to do A rather than do BI would prefer to do something useful outside rather than stay at
31、home.9)do nothing but do（只是，只能）I could do nothing but wait.He does nothing but ask silly questions.10.不定式的不同时态1）进行式(to be doing)表示不定式的动作和主句的动作同时发生He is said to be playing a part in the film.They seem to be getting along quite well.2）完成式(to have done)A.表示不定式的动作发生在主句的动作之前He seemed to have finished his
32、 work.B.表示原本打算，但未能实现的事I meant to have invited you to my house yesterday.They planned to have been married in May but had to put it off till June.11不定式的被动语态She felt a little puzzled to be asked such a question.1）make后的不定式，主动语态时不带to，但被动语态时有toHe was made to work 20 hours a day.2）help后的不定式，主动语态时有无to均可，但
33、被动语态时必须有toLily was helped to overcome her fear of height.Exercises1.Who will you _ the article into Japanese?A.have translated B.have translate C.have to translate D.have translatingB2.Those who have questions _,raise your hands.A.ask B.to ask C.asked D.askingB 3.If I can stop them _ there,Ill do it
34、.A.go B.to go C.gone D.goingD 4.We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A.for you making B.of you to makeC.you to make D.for you to makeB5.There used _ a post office at the cornerof the street.A.to be B.to being C.to have D.to hasA6.Hes quite used _ in all sorts of weather.A.fly B.to fly C.to fl
35、ying D.to fliedC7.Your shoes are dirty.They need _ badly.A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.washingD8.The teacher spent a lot of time _me with my grammar.A.help B.to help C.helped D.helpingD9.Please come early.Dont keep us _ for long.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited10.She suggested _ for an outing next
36、Sunday.A.go B.to go C.going D.gone11.I happened _ about the well-knownsinger.A.know B.to know C.knowing D.knownCCB 12.Would your friends mind _a little more softly?A.to speak B.spoken C.speaking D.speak13.The boy would rather _ the small one than the big one.A.take B.to take C.taking D.taken14.The s
37、hy girl doesnt like _ at in public.A.laughing B.to laugh C.laughed D.being laughedCAD15.I first considered _ to him,but then decided _ him.A.writing;seeing B.to write;to seeC.writing;to see D.not to go16.Do you consider it better _?A.not going B.not go C.not having gone D.not to go17.The doctor did
38、everything he could_ the patient.A.save B.to save C.saving D.savedCDB18._ his _ English,Wang Lingworks much harder.A.To improve;spoken B.To improve;speakingC.Improving;spoken D.Improve;spoken19.The foreigner tried his best,but he still couldnt make his point _.A.understand B.understanding C.to under
39、stand D.understoodA D20.The pupils were made _ the texts every day.A.recite B.to recite C.reciting D.recited21.After we had finished _,he proposed to set out immediately.A.eating B.to eat C.eaten D.eat22.The question is difficult,but it is worth_ out.A.work B.to work C.working D.workedBAC23.She shou
40、ld get her eyes _.A.to test B.being tested C.to have been tested D.tested24.The big tower _ in the TangDynasty broke down last week.A.built B.being building C.being built D.to build25.The microscope is rather difficult _.A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repairing D.being repairedD AA26.Its no good _ p
41、roblems with a man like him.A.to discuss B.discussed C.discussing D.to be discussed27.Look around when _ the street.A.across B.crossed C.to be crossing D.crossing28.We found the house very comfortable _.A.to live B.lived C.living in D.to live inCDD29.I dont allow _ in my drawing-room.I dont allow my family _ at all.A.to smoke;smoking B.smoking;to smokeC.to smoke;to smoke D.smoking;smoking30.I cant help _ housework at home because I am busy _ for the entrance examination.A.doing;preparing B.to do;preparingC.done;to prepare D.with doing;to prepareBB
