1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英练习题（15）及答人物传记类-2012上海卷 (A) Phil White has just returned from an 18,000mile, aroundtheworld bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised 70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam
2、. Whites second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spen
3、t more than 1,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying
4、food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road. The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people
5、 in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres h
6、e battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _. A. broke the world record B. colle
7、cted money for Oxfam C. destroyed several bikes D. travelled about 1,300 hours66. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Very slow but exciting. B. Very long and difficult. C. Very smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil
8、 White _. A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia D. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D.
9、 Determined.【要点综述】本文讲述了Phil White进行环球自行车旅行的原因及艰难历程。65. B细节推断题。根据第一段中he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised 70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam.可推断为Oxfam筹资。66. B词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句和第三句可判断旅程很长也很艰难。 67. C细节理解题。根据第三段中For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind th
10、at was constantly pushing him.可判断Phil White设法迎着风骑车。68. D推理判断题。根据全文及末段中This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end.可判断，虽然路途艰难，但是他坚持到了最后，说明他是有决心的。 C(2012北京重点中学2月月考)Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to vi
11、olent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TVs symbolic world of violence may be much more farreaching.We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy vi
12、ewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV “actionadventure” dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police pr
13、otection, and election of lawandorder politicians.While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critic
14、s complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to “Marcus Welby, MD.” a popular TV drama ser
15、ies about a doctorduring the first five years of his practice on TV.Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, “Can most people be trusted？” the heavy viewers were 35 percent more lik
16、ely to choose “Cant be too careful.”Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also con
17、cern about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.We have found that violence on primetime(黄金时段)network TV cultivates overstated (夸大的)assumptions about the threat of danger i
18、n the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become
19、 our chief instrument of social control.64Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?A. Distrusting people around.B. Moving into rural areas. C. Turning to the police for protection.D. Holding more elections.答案：D细节理解题。第二段最后一句“The fear may also bring increasing deman
20、ds for police protection, and election of lawandorder politicians.” D选项夸大了原文的真实意义。65According to the passage, why did “Marcus Welby, MD.” receive so many letters?A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.B. Because certain TV programmes recommended him to viewers.C. Because h
21、e was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that st
22、atement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to Marcus Welby, MD.a popular TV drama series about a doctorduring the first five years of his practice on TV.”判断答案为A。66We can infer from the passage that_.A. people tend to be aggressive or violent
23、 after watching TV too muchB. people can learn to protect themselves from dangers by watching TVC. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social orderD. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social order答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段“Violence on television leads v
24、iewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, Can most people be trusted？ the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose Cant be too careful.”分析推理出答案。D(2012襄阳3月调测)Two Christmas traditions have come under att
25、ack in recent years from environmentalists: Christmas cards and Christmas trees.Paper cards are seen as wasteful and, for some people, going cardfree is another way of going green. They also argue that in a world of email, Skype, Facebook and Twitter, people are in touch all the time anyway; they no
26、 longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends. If you want to send Christmas greetings, there are free ecards, which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper.However, especially for people who didnt grow up with email, there is something missing from a Christmas emai
27、l. The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843 and were designed by the same man who had introduced the worlds first postage stamp three years earlier. His name was Sir Henry Cole.They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century. Many people sent cards that were sold for charity. The mos
28、t famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF. In the UK this year, in the three weeks before Christmas, the post office expects to handle 100 million cards every day. Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards; this helps raise money to plant more trees, as we
29、ll as recreating more paper.When we think of trees at Christmas, there is one that immediately springs (跃入) to mindthe evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under. The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany. Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas tree
30、s are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year. Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year.Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative. However, environmentalist
31、s point out that they are made from petroleum (石油) products and so have many contamination (污染) issues.文章大意：最近几年，圣诞节送圣诞贺卡和圣诞树这两项传统受到了环保主义者的批评。67What is the main idea of the article?A.To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions.B.To point out the problems in some traditional ways of
32、celebrating Christmas.C.To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity.D.To explain the debate between environmentalists and traditionalists regarding some Christmas traditions.答案：D主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，本文讲述了环保主义者攻击圣诞节的一些习俗不环保以及人们对此的争论。68Some people suggest getting rid of paper cards because_.a.
33、 they cannot be recycled b. they are not environmentally friendlyc. they are mostly sold for charity d. free ecards have many advantages over theme.they are not as necessary as they used to be for people to stay connectedA.a, b, d B.a, c, d C.b, d, e D.b, c, e答案：C细节理解题。由第四段倒数第二句话“Environmental aware
34、ness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards”可知，“a.they cannot be recycled”不选；由第四段第二句话“Many people sent cards that were sold for charity.”可知，“c.they are mostly sold for charity”中mostly错误，所以不选。 69What can we conclude from the article?A.The first Christmas cards were designed three ye
35、ars earlier than the worlds first stamps.B.This year has seen a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales.C.Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity to help raise money.D.Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to begin to recycle their cards.答案：D细节理解题。由第四段倒数第
36、二句话“Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards”可知，环保意识意味着要循环使用贺卡。70Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A.Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year.B.The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in
37、 Britain.C.There is always a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe.D.Artificial trees are better than natural ones in all aspects.答案：A细节理解题。由第五段最后一句话“Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year.”可知，A项正确；由第五段第二句话“The custom date
38、s back almost a thousand years to Germany.”可知，B项错误；由第五段第三句话“Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year.”可知，C项错误；由第五段最后一段可知，D项错误。E(2012青岛一模)Australia has passed regulations that will enable more international students to further their ed
39、ucation in the country.The new measures were released by the Australian Department of Tertiary Education, Skills, Jobs and Workplace Relations in September and will take effect in mid2012.As a result, the student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified, and the deposit(押金)
40、required to study in Australia has been reduced. Language requirements for overseas students have also been eased. Also, overseas students receiving a higher education in Australia will be granted a working visa lasting from two to four years after graduation, as long as they meet the basic IELTS re
41、quirement.“This change will definitely make Australia a more attractive destination for Chinese students planning to study overseas，” says Wang Lan, a consultant from Education International Cooperation Group(EIC), a Beijingbased company that provides services to students wishing to study overseas.H
42、owever, in the past few years, many of Wangs student clients(客户)could not start studies in Australia because they did not meet the language requirements, visa processing took a long time and deposit regulations were tough. The change in policy is good news for the parents of students wishing to stud
43、y in Australia, Wang says.A 22yearold female student surnamed Li, in Beijing, who is planning to do her postgraduate studies in Australia, learned about the policy change several weeks ago. “According to the previous deposit requirement for my student visa, my family was required to put down 550,000
44、 yuan($86,850). Now we only need to prepare 410,000 yuan. This is a relief for my parents，” Li says.She also says that the two to four years working visa makes her feel much clearer about her study plans.“I believe several years of working experience abroad will strengthen my competitiveness when I
45、return to China，” she says.Gaining a competitive advantage is the major reason for Chinese students to study abroad, according to the report by EIC.文章大意：本文介绍了澳大利亚刚刚通过的一项法令，该法令有助于吸引更多的留学生到该国学习深造。71Whats the main idea of the passage? ALanguage requirement for overseas students have been eased in Austr
46、alia.BAustralia is a most attractive place for students in China.CAustralia widens window of opportunity for international students.DMore students will work in Australia after their graduation.答案：C主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，澳大利亚拓宽了留学生到该国的学习机会。72Which of the following is NOT the content of the new regulations? AT
47、he student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified.BThe deposit required to study in Australia has been reduced.CLanguage requirements for overseas students have been more difficult.DAfter graduation, some overseas students can get a working visa in Australia.答案：C细节理解题。由第三
48、段可知，留学签证手续被简化了，留学押金的数目减少了，而且对留学生的语言要求降低了，所以A、B项正确而C项错误；由第四段可知，留学生在澳洲毕业后可以得到工作签证，所以D项正确。73After the new regulations are passed，_.Amore students will come to Australia to workBmore Chinese students will choose to live in AustraliaCthe opportunities to work in Australia decrease for overseas students D
49、more Chinese students will choose to further their education in Australia答案：D推理判断题。由第五段第一句话“This change will definitely make Australia a more attractive destination for Chinese students planning to study overseas”可知，D项正确。74How much can Lis parents save according to the new regulations? A. 550,000 yu
50、anB. 140,000 yuanC. 410,000 yuanD. 86,850 yuan 答案：B细节理解题。由第八段可知，现在押金比原先节省140,000元。75Why do many students want to work in Australia after their graduation? AThe working experience abroad will strengthen their competitiveness.BThey can earn more money in Australia.CTheir working experience can make th
51、em stay in Australia forever.DThey have to do so according to the new regulations.答案：A推理判断题。由最后两段可知，大多数学生愿意在澳大利亚工作的原因是这段经历就会使他们的竞争力得到加强。人物传记类-2012安徽卷 Ctions, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recove
52、ring, Kahlo taught herself to paint. In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately
53、, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain intern
54、ational fame at last.64. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?A. a far better artistB. a far more gifted artistC. a much stronger personD. a much more famous person65. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.A. polio B. her bent spineC. back injuries D.
55、the operations she had66. Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _.A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1970s67. What is the authors attitude toward Kahlo?A. Devotion. B. Sympathy.C. Worry. D. Encouragement.【要点综述】本文讲述画家弗里达卡罗(Frida Kahlo)的故事。7岁时弗里达得了小儿麻痹，18岁那年她乘坐的校车发生交通事故，致使背部受伤。车祸后不久，她就
56、开始画画。弗里达在墨西哥举办过一次画展，然而直到二十世纪七十年代她的画作才开始受到人们关注。64. D词义猜测题。根据第四段中Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s和but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last可推断她现在才获得国际名声，所以她现在比在她那个时代更出名。65. C细节推断题。根据第二段中but nothing was able to cure the terrible pa
57、in in her back.可推断背伤导致了她的疼痛。66. B细节推断题。根据第三段中but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband可推断。67. B推理判断题。根据文章的字里行间，比如Sadly, Unfortunately可推断作者的态度应该是同情。社会生活类- 2012山东卷 CSan Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longvi
58、ew has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original bridge was
59、built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed
60、 squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会). The Counc
61、il approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ”After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000. It didnt take long before reports
62、 of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the wornout bridge. Repairs were m
63、ade and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the pro
64、ject.67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to _. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nutsB. set up a local landmarkC. help improve trafficD. protect squirrels68. What happened over the coffee break discussion?A. The committee got the Councils blessing.B. The squirrel bridge idea was born.C.
65、A councilwoman named the bridge.D. A squirrel was found dead. 69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text?A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter.C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 70. Which of the
66、following is true of the squirrel bridge?A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal.C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?A. He is remembered for his love of animals.B. He donated $1,000 to build t
67、he bridge.C. He was a member of the City Council.D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 【要点综述】文章主要讲述了Amos Peters观察到松鼠在觅食时遇到交通带来的危险，他还看到一只死了的松鼠嘴里还含着食物，他设想要为松鼠们设计一个能保证它们安全的桥。后来通过努力这个桥终于设计成功，并为世界所知，引起国际的关注，成为当地的一道风景。67. D细节理解题。 第二段的“ to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without ge
68、tting flattened by passing cars.”看出建这座桥是为了保证松鼠的安全。故选D。68. B推理判断题。题干关键词为“coffee break discussion”。由第四段“and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council.”可以看出在此期
69、间，建松鼠桥的想法产生了。故选B。69. D词义猜测题。根据本句的“Squirrels were even seen guiding their young”看出，是教小松鼠如何使用这个桥。故选D。70. C细节理解题。倒数第二段的“Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced”看出数年之后，这座桥得到了重修。故选C。71. A推理判断题。从最后一段的Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.看出，人们在桥附近修建雕像来纪念Amos Peters对动物的这份爱心。故选A。
