1、2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（20）及解析 C52013陕西卷 DAbout 30 years ago, I left Cuba for the United States with my son. After getting settled finally in Brunswick, New Jersey, I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. Several weeks later, my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.In the teachers office, an exch
2、ange of greetings was followed by his questions：“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? No, no, it cant be. What a helpless, lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. I asked h
3、im why he was asking me all these questions.My son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class. Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?He was angry：“Why hasnt your son been taught to speak English? Dont you speak English at home？”No, I didnt
4、 speak English at home, I replied. I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months, and I didnt want him to forget his native language. Well, wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times? “Are you one of those people who come to this co
5、untry to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society？”Needless to say, I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”. Then he told me the meeting was over, and I left.As I had expected, my son learned to speak English fluently before the school
6、year was over. He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. He travels widely and leads a welladjusted, contented life. And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others; it teaches people about
7、other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” I met in New Jersey.57The teacher asked the author to his office _Ato discuss Scolas inclass performanceBto get Scola enrolled in kindergartenCto find a language partner for ScolaDto work out a study plan for
8、 Scola58What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?ABreaking. BFollowing.CAttending. DDisturbing.59The authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as _Acritical BcasualCpositive Dpassive60This text is likely to be selected from a book of_Amedicine Bedu
9、cationCgeography Dhistory【要点综述】 本文作者通过说明自己儿子学习语言的过程和他最后的成功经历，说明了“双语”学习的重要性。57A推理判断题。根据第二和第四段可知，学校老师让作者去学校的目的是为了探讨作者的儿子在学校的表现，选A。58D词义猜测题。disrupting所在句子的意思是：他告诉我，我儿子经常不按老师的指令做，他经常干扰课堂。由此可知此处该词的意思是“干扰”，选D。59C推理判断题。通读最后一段可知作者对于“双语”学习持积极、肯定的态度，选C。60B推理判断题。本文探讨的是关于孩子的教育问题，由此可以推断出本文选自教育类书刊，选B。C62013浙江卷 AN
10、o one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. Lets
11、 take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the
12、plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made fa
13、rming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he ope
14、ned a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many hi
15、storians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communica
16、te your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were u
17、sed to get peoples attention. A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often
18、this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 41What probably led to th
19、e start of advertising? AThe discovery of iron. BThe specialization of labor. CThe appearance of new jobs. DThe development of farming techniques. 42To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright _. Apraised his plows in public Bplaced a sign outside the shop Chung an arrow pointing to the shop Dshowed his p
20、roducts to the customers43The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to_. Aexplain the origin of advertising Bpredict the future of advertising Cexpose problems in advertising Dprovide suggestions for advertising44In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who
21、_. A. owned a shipB. had the loudest voiceC. ran a shop selling goods to farmersD. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial45The last two paragraphs are mainly about_. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertisin
22、g【要点综述】 什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们一些有关广告历史的故事。让我们读文章去了解一下吧。41B 考查细节理解。从文章第一段“No one knows for sureThat led to the concept of specialization”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选B项。42B考查细节理解。从文章第四段“and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。43A考查推理判断。从第五段“M
23、any historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选A项。44D考查推理判断。从全文最后一段“A
24、 crier, in the historical sensein other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选D项。45C考查段落大意。从“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily”知
25、，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选C项。C82012广东卷 I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sug
26、ar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dange
27、rous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.
28、 What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on d
29、emand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in th
30、e early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope
31、this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices. 31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _. Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry32. What does the author think about Dr King? AHe is strict. BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets a t
32、imetable for mothers.33. The word copperbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_. Abasic Breliable Csurprising Dinteresting34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? AThe baby will sleep well. BThe baby will have its brain harmed. CThe baby will have a low blood suga
33、r level. DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.35. The author supports feeding the baby _. Ain the night Bevery four hours Cwhenever it wants food Daccording to its blood sugar level【要点综述】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。31. D细节理解题。从第二段The baby asks for
34、 attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.看出婴儿哭是因为饿了。故选D。32. C作者观点题。根据第三段Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few week
35、s.看出作者认为Dr Frederic Truby King的观点是不正确的。故选C。33. B词义猜测题。根据本段的research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By t
36、he age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出这个研究是非常可靠的。basic“基础的，基本的”；reliable“可依赖的，可靠的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”；interesting“有趣的”。故选B。34. D细节理解题。根据第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid
37、timetable.看出答案。故选D。35. C细节理解题。本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。 C82012福建卷 Do you know how it is when you see someone
38、yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it,
39、 whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we unde
40、rstand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovere
41、d that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavi
42、or. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more i
43、nformation concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67Mirr
44、or neurons can explain _.Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off Bcut offCbuilt up Dbroken up6
45、9We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find mirror neurons.BProble
46、ms of mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror neurons.DFunctions of mirror neurons.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. A词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。69. A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。
