1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题（61）及答案(皖南八校第三次联考)The “Neighborhood Watch” scheme all started a few years ago in the quiet village of Mollington after a number of burglaries in the village and the surrounding area. The villagers came up with the idea that they themselves could keep an eye on their neighbors poss
2、essions while they were away on holiday. Since then, and with the support of the government and police, more than 50,000 “Neighborhood Watch” schemes have been set up all over the country.The object of each “Watch” group is to reduce the opportunities that criminals have in any particular street or
3、area. Each villager who is a member of the scheme will call the police whenever they see something suspicious. It is the police who actually check out each report and look into what is happening. Villagers who are part of the “Watch” are not supposed to act as police or put themselves in danger.When
4、 a new “Neighborhood Watch” scheme is set up in an area, one benefit is that most burglars dare not take a chance on breaking into someones house because they know that there is a high risk of being seen by neighbors keeping a lookout. Burglars also know that people are more likely to have fitted go
5、od locks to their doors and windows.Another benefit is that, since the “Neighborhood Watch” schemes came into existence, there is growing evidence of a new community spirit. It is bringing people together as never before, and encouraging people to care for each other. New friendships are being made,
6、 and contact is often established with old people living on their own, who are often the most frightened and the most at risk.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了一个叫做“Neighborhood Watch”的计划，并讲述了该计划的实施办法以及收到的效果。9The “Neighborhood Watch” scheme in Mollington started _.Abefore any others in the countryBafter 50,000 bur
7、glaries in the areaCbecause some villagers wanted to go away for a holidayDbecause the police could not protect people解析：逻辑推理题。由文章第一段的最后一句可推知，Mollington的“Neighborhood Watch” scheme是最早开始的，所以答案选A项。答案：A10When members of a “Watch” group see suspicious individuals, they should _.Acontact the police Btry
8、and frighten them awayCtry and arrest them Dcall the other members解析：事实细节题。由文章第二段的后三句可知，人们看到可疑人员应该报警，调查和侦破案件是警察的职责，所以答案选A项。答案：A11When a new “Watch” scheme starts in an area _.Apeople fit new locks to their doors and windowsBthe police send fewer officers to the areaCvillagers put signs on their door
9、sDburglars are less likely to break into houses解析：事实细节题。由文章第三段的第一句可知入室盗窃的可能性会降低，答案选D项。答案：D12Another benefit of the “Watch” schemes is that _.Amembers of the “Watch” look after old peopleBdifferent kinds of people are attracted to live in the areaCa new community spirit is growingDold people are no l
10、onger frightened of crime解析：逻辑推理题。由文章第四段的内容可推知选C。答案：C13In general, the author seems to think that _.Ait is hard to have any privacy in a “Neighborhood Watch” areaBthe police should do more to protect peopleC“Watch” schemes are not very useful in reducing crimeDthe “Neighborhood Watch” schemes have b
11、een successful解析：作者态度题。由三、四段讲的该计划带来的两个好处可知该计划效果非常好，所以答案选D项。答案：D。 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition. Have you ever wondered what these successful athlete
12、s eat to stay in peak shape?Keri Glassman, a registered dietitian and founder of Nutritious Life Meals, appeared on “Good Morning America” today to give you a glimpse into the diets of some top athletes. Some of their meals could surprise you.Crazy Calorie CountGlassman said Olympians eat a lot of f
13、ood- quantities that for ordinary people would constitute pigging out.One secret of swimmer Michael Phelps astonishing performance in the 2008Olympics in Beijing was consuming as many as 12,00 calories in one day.Athletes can eat like this and not gain any weight because their workouts are intense.
14、According to Glassman, Phelps workouts can burn 4,000 to 6,000 calories in a day, and those calories must be added in order to train the following day.Snacking SecretsSome athletes eat strange foods that improve their performance. Yohan Blake, the Jamaica sprinter and 100-meter world champion, has s
15、tolen champion sprinter Usain Bolts thunder on the track during the Olympic trials, Asked about how he gets his energy. Blake answered that he eats 16 bananas per day ,Glassman said.Jonathan Horton, the lead gymnast on the Us team, has a blood sugar problem. His solution is honey. When he starts to
16、feel shaky at the gym, he takes honey to boost his energy, Classman said.Foods for RecoveryWhat are the best foods to help the body recover after harsh competition?For Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte, the recovery meal is grilled chicken breasts with Alfredo sauce, whole-grain spaghetti and a salad with
17、 lemon juice and olive oil. Lochte, who recently cut out junk food, candy and soda, has undertaken a strength-training regimen(养生法)that involves flipping tractor tires, and tossing beer kegs, Glassman said.56.Whats the best title of this passage?A.Good Diet Makes a True Olympian.B.Olympians Have Oly
18、mpic-size Appetites.C.OlympiansStrange Eating Habits.D.The Diest of Some Top Olympic Athletes.【答案】D【解析】第一段是中心段落。成为奥运选手不仅仅需要锻炼，获得金牌还需要营养。57.What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A.Ordinary people eat few pigs compared with Olympians. B.Olympians eat a lot more food than ordinary people. C.
19、Olympians tend to eat a lot of high-quality food. D.Olympians eat a large amount of food, just like pigs.【答案】B【解析】前一句说奥运选手吃很多食物。划线部分在破折号之后， 是对前面话语的补充。58.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Ryan Lochte quit eating junk food , candy and soda for his better recovery. B.Yohan Blak
20、e finally beat Usain Bolt in the 100-meter track in the Olympics. C.Michael Phelpsastonishing performance was due to his eating lots of food. D.Jonathan Horton has a blood sugar problem because of taking too much honey.【答案】A【解析】根据最后一段，最后一句可知A正确。59.Which of the following is not the best food to help
21、the body recover? A.Soda. B.Olive oil. C.Whole-grain spaghetti. D. A salad with lemon juice.【答案】A【解析】从最后一段最后一句可以得知Lochte为了恢复砍掉了junk food, candy and soda，可知，soda不是最好的帮助身体恢复的食物。60.The passage is most likely to be found in . A.a technical report B.a fashion magazine C.an education column D.a sports new
22、spaper【答案】D【解析】本文说的是运动员与饮食，所以这篇文章可能出现在报纸的体育版面。 Genetics is not just a science, let alone a technology or a business. Genetics is a profound idea. Genetics journals, for instance, fill their pages with discoveries of “disease genes” that lurk (潜伏) silent, in the twists and bends of our DNA, ready to
23、turn on us. The very idea of disease genes that have yet to actually cause disease makes us feel “sick” even if we dont have any symptom. Cancer genetics has brought even deeper changes. The disease used to be blamed on disguised external (外部的) agents attacking the body. But now the disease is seen
24、as “a natural born part of the self”. You get cancer not solely, or even largely, because of something you ate, or because of some place you lived in, or because of some chemical you breathed. You have cancer because of who you are. After all, not everyone who lived as you lived got cancer. Cancer_b
25、ecomes_an_expression_of_our_essential_nature.Such a view affects how we act, as individuals and as a society. We get tested for cancer genes ( and dont know what to make of the result: after all, about 25 to 50 percent of women who carry either of the two breastcancer genes discovered so far do not
26、get breast cancer). We think individually rather than socially, with results that we may, one day, regret. Environmental pollutants get less attention now that we are told, again and again, that the cause of disease lies in us. If we had focused on genes rather than viruses perhaps there would have
27、been no social response to the epidemic (流行病). As a result of discoveries in genetics, says Rothman, “we are looking to locate problems in the individual.” Thinking genetically makes us say that the problem is not ours as a society but yours as an individual.5What is the new discovery that often lea
28、ds to disease in the genetic field?A. Disease genes.B. Disturbing ideas.C. Twists and bends.D. Pollutants.6By saying “Cancer becomes an expression of our essential nature”， the author means _.A. that cancer is a display of diseaseB. that cancer is not caused by external agentsC. that everyone can ge
29、t cancerD. that not everyone can get cancer7When discussing about the tests we did in the past to find ways of curing disease, the author implies that _.A. we didnt do them scientificallyB. we can make use of some of those resultsC. we are happy with those resultsD. we will continue to do those test
30、s this way8The new discovery shows that it is essential to examine disease _.A. genetically B. sociallyC. individually D. generally答案文章讲述遗传学不仅是一门科学也是一门深奥的理念，以及疾病基因的发现对癌症的检验所起的作用。5A。细节判断题。由第一段第四句中“The very idea of disease genes that have yet to actually cause disease makes us feel sick even if we don
31、t have any symptom.”可以得出答案。6B。句意理解题。根据第一段第六句中“The disease used to be blamed on disguised external(外部的) agents attacking the body. But now the disease is seen as a natural born part of the self”可知答案。7A。作者观点倾向题。最后一段中的“If we had focused on genes rather than viruses, perhaps there would have been no soc
32、ial response to the epidemic(流行病)”这个句子采用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，由此可知答案。8C。细节判断题。由文章最后一段中的最后两句的内容可得出答案。 “Tear them apart！” “kill the fool！” “Murder the referee (裁判)！”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ou
33、rselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real violence. Books have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain meanings may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual behavior. I see t
34、he term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports term.The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “enemy”， or “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. I remember an
35、 incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player went away to rub(磨擦) his gloves across his wet Tshirt and then screamed, “Are they wet enough now？”In the heat of battle, players have been
36、observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the effect that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents intentional and illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off t
37、he court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated(提升) the game to the level where it belongs, setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term
38、“opponent” with “associate” could be a good way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “friend” or “companion”. You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to term “associate” rather than “opponent”5What did the handball player do when he was not allowed to
39、 change his gloves?A. He refused to continue the game.B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C. He insisted that the referee was unfair.D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his Tshirt.6According to the passage, players, in a game, may _.A. throw the ball at the opponent illegally blocking
40、their wayB. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC. lie down on the ground as an act of protectionD. kick the ball across the court with force7What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A. The players eagerness to win.B. The players bad behaviour.C. The players attitudes towards the game
41、.D. The players totally different behaviour on and off the court.8What can be concluded from the passage?A. Players should be educated to respect referees on the court.B. Replacing the present terms on the court can help reduce violence.C. Raising the referees sense of responsibility can help reduce
42、 violence.D. Changing the attitude of players on the sports field can help reduce violence.答案5D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第一句可判断此项正确。前三项在文章中没有信息支持。6A。根据第四段第二句可判断此项正确。B、D两项在文章中没有信息支持；根据第四段第一句可知运动员躺下的原因是为了阻挡别人，而不是自我保护，因此C项错误。7D。段落大意题。本段提到在比赛进入白热化阶段时，选手有时会不择手段地去阻挡对方，而出了球场又是朋友，由此可见球场上的表现与正常行为存在差异性。8B。推理判断题。结合倒数第二段最后
43、一句以及最后一段中的内容可推断此项正确。文章叙述的是一些体育用语的使用不当导致了一些不文明的行为，其余三项与此无关，因而不恰当。 Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk-but it seems that in terms of productivity, they could have it all wrong. A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany. The re
44、searchers found in a series of linked studies- using a messy desk and a messy shop front -that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand. That is ,visual and mental clutter（杂乱）forces human beings to focus and think more clearly. For
45、instance, famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious for their untidy desks. “Messy desks may not be as detrimental as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can boost work efficiency or emhance employees creativity in prob
46、lem solving,” say the authors.Oddly, the effect seems to work most on conservatives-political liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place, say the researchers. “Business and government managers often promote clean desk policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks,
47、for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity.” Writes a researcher, Jia Liu of the University of Groningen, “This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter ones mind and complicate ones judgments”“However, not all evidence supp
48、orts this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind”. The scientists tested peoples response in variousmessyenvironments, including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language taskremindedpeople of messiness.The authors found in the seri
49、es of six studies that people tended towards simplicity in their thinking.“They categorized products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that depicts a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices”, said the researchers.61.According to the text, a proper w
50、ay to lead people towards clearer thinking is to . A.make a list of priorities B.simplify the tasks at hand C.follow famous people D.mess up their mind【答案】B【解析】根据第二段第一句可知 当四周混乱的时候，他们的思维更清晰。因为他们试图简化手头的工作。62.Why did the author take Albert Einstein and Ronald Dahl for example? A.To tell readers untidy
51、desks can make you as famous as celebrities. B.To convince readers that untidiness is not all that bad. C.To inform readers of one way to success-untidy desks. D.To attract readers and show the authors wide range of knowledge.【答案】B【解析】第二段倒数第二句“视觉上和精神上的杂乱迫使人们集中注意力思维更清晰”；最后一句接着举了Albert Einstein and Ro
52、nald Dahl的例子，就是为了说明上一句的。63.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.A messy environment will certainly lead to a messy mind. B.A clean environment will do great harm to work efficiency. C.People tend to clear up the mess before thinking clearly. D.All people are not in favor of “cl
53、ean desk” in the office.【答案】D【解析】D项的意思是“并不是所有人都赞成办公室里清洁的桌子”。可从倒数第三段东一句可知。64.The underlined word “detrimental” probably means . A.disadvantageous B.useful C.beneficial D.accessible【答案】A【解析】根据下句可知“。他们导致的解决问题的方法能够促进工作效率”。所以第一句的意思是“杂乱的桌子看上去似乎不想他们看上去那么有害的” 65.What is the main idea for this passage? A.The messier the desks are, the more efficient the employees are. B.Messy desks in the office can have a positive effect on employees. C.We should make our office messy to improve our work efficiency. D.Clean desks can boost the employees productivity and creativity.【答案】B【解析】第一段最后一句可知。
