1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础全程训练（15）及答案较难题目特训：科普知识类There are plenty of good reasons to buy organic products, but nutrition may not be one of them, suggests a new study, which found no difference in antioxidant (抗氧化剂) levels between organically and conventionally (常规地) grown onions, carrots, and potatoes. The stud
2、y only looked at three types of vegetables and just a few select nutrients. But the experiment was part of a bigger project that was so systematic and strictly controlled that the findings likely apply to other crops, too. “Giving preference to organic products because they contain more bioactive co
3、mponents is doubtful and not supported by scientific evidence,” Knuthsen said. “Still, there are many good reasons for the consumer to select organic food products, including absence of pesticide residues (农药残留) in foods, animal welfare, and environmental protections.”Argument over whether organic p
4、roduce is more nutritious than conventional varieties has been around for at least a decade, said Jeffrey Blumberg, director of the Antioxidants Research Laboratory at Tufts University in Boston. “Some studies have suggested that organically grown plants contain higher levels of healthful antioxidan
5、ts, possibly because some antioxidants act as natural fungicides (杀真菌剂), pesticides and insecticides,” he said. “The idea is that, without help from industrial chemicals, plants on organic farms need to work harder to protect themselves. They end up becoming more nutritious as a result.” But plenty
6、of other studies have shown no such relationship. “I understand that organic farmers would love to be able to say that theirs are super-fruits and super-vegetables because there are higher amounts of these compounds in them,” Blumberg said. “If you want to buy them because you think theyre safer for
7、 the planet to grow things that way, or because you think pesticides are bad for you or your family, or you like that they come from a shorter distance away, thats great.”“But if you want to buy them because theyre more nutritious, youre confused, and we dont know if thats true or not.”1. The new st
8、udy proves that. A. there are plenty of good reasons to buy organic produceB. nutrition is one of the good reasons to buy organic produceC. some organically and conventionally grown foods have the same antioxidant levelsD. organic produce is harmful to our health2. Why do people prefer organic produ
9、cts? A. Because they think organic products have no bioactive components. B. Because scientific evidence supports organic products can make them stronger. C. Because its proved that organic produce is more nutritious than conventional varieties. D. Because they think organic food products have no ha
10、rmful things. 3. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us. A. its unclear whether organic produce is more nutritious than conventional varietiesB. organically grown plants contain higher levels of healthful antioxidantsC. plants on organic farms need to work harder to protect themselvesD. plenty of othe
11、r studies have shown no such relationship来源:4. Which is NOT the reason for you to buy organic products according to Blumberg? A. There are higher amounts of these compounds in them. B. Theyre safer for the planet to grow things that way. C. Pesticides are bad for you or your family. D. They are more
12、 nutritious. 【参考答案】6.CDAD阅读理解-AThe space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began
13、 searching for the astronauts remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of Texas
14、 and neighboring states. Dramatic television images of the shuttles descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronaut
15、s on board. Take-off and re-entry into Earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off. Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remai
16、ns of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器). We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human
17、remains, Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members. The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. Americas space
18、program will go on, said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.1. The word “descent” in the passage means _. A. taking off B. landing C. orbiting D. walking down答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。由第三段第二句话 “In 42 years of US human sp
19、ace flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing.”可知，在美国42年的载人航空飞行中，从来没有在着陆地面时发生事故，言外之意就是Columbia 航天飞机是着陆地面时坠毁。“or landing”对应的意思就是descent。故答案为B。2. Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon? A. He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle. B. He was
20、the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle. C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot. D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第四段第一句话 “, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon.”可知，Ilan Ramon是第一个以色列乘坐航
21、天飞机的宇航员，也是一名前战斗飞行员，故A选项正确，B，C错误。由最后一段第二句话 “There are no survivors,” 可知没有幸存者，故D选项错误。故答案为A。3. The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that _. A. there were seven astronauts killed on board B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off C. Both the shuttles exploded when the
22、y were about to land D. no human remains were found答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题，要求寻找Columbia 和the Challenger 事故的相似之处。由第一段首句 “The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up , killing the seven astronauts on board ”和第二段最后一句 “It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986
23、, killing all seven astronauts on board.”可知，Columbia 和the Challenger都有七名宇航员遇难。故答案为A。 由第三段 “In 42 years of US human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.”可知，Columbia是着陆地面时坠毁，Challenger是在刚刚起飞后爆炸，故B、C选项错误。由倒数第二段最后一句话
24、“, some people said they found remains of crew members.” 可知，有些人说他们找到了宇航员的残骸，故D选项错误。4. Which of the following is wrong according to the news? A. The U.S.A. will give up the space program because of the accident. B. NASA hasnt found the cause of the Columbia disaster. C. Before the Columbia disaster,
25、no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing. D. Take-off and re-entry into Earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “Americas space program will go on,”可知，A选项与文章不符，故答案为A。由第一段 “NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching
26、for the astronauts remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause.”可知，NASA认为对事故的准确原因进行定论还为时过早，故B选项与文章符合。结合第一题的分析可知，C选项与文章符合。由第三段首句 “ Take-off and re-entry into Earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.” 可知，D选项与文
27、章符合。故B、C、D均不选。社会生活类Cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air. Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015, according to the latest plan released by the State Council. Besides the existin
28、g pollution control program for SO2, regional emission caps (区域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas, accor
29、ding to the plan. “The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollutionsuch as acid rain and smogwhich have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to peoples health,” Zhang Lijun, vice-minister of environmental protection, said in an interview on Monday.
30、“The air quality in a city affects the regions nearby because pollutants (污染物) Can travel through the atmosphere,” said Chai Fahe, vice-director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. “So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city, targeting a certain pollutant will not be enou
31、gh,” Chai said. Zhang said, “The countrys major industrial districtsthe Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regionhave recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.”These three regions, home to at least 200 million people, occupy only 6. 3 percent of th
32、e countrys area but consume 40 percent of the countrys coal and produce half of its steel, according to official figures. Studies also show that the visibility (能见度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s, as a result of air pollution. Liaoning prov
33、ince, the Shandong Peninsula, Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region in Hunan province, the Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs, accord
34、ing to the plan. The new plan also requires an improved air quality system, which will measure the pollution levels. “The current system, which only measures some major pollutants, cannot reflect the true picture.” said Chai. 9. It will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because.
35、 A. air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent yearsB. air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening peoples healthC. air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areasD. air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities10. Suppose the visibility in
36、eastern regions of China was 130 km in the early 1960s, the visibility there nowadays is. A. 123 to 115 kmB. 137 to 145 kmC. 123 to 145 kmD. 115 to 137 km11. The main purpose of the passage is. A. to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollutionB. to introduce the new plan to control air poll
37、utionC. to provide official figures of air pollution levelsD. to point out the regions affected by air pollution12. What does the underlined phrase“the true picture”in the last paragraph mean? A. The major pollutants. B. The key polluted areas. C. The major polluted cities. D. The pollution levels.
38、【参考答案】26.CABD 阅读理解-BA lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal attack-when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about the job. Although there was a good
39、 reason for Sams being late-serious illness at home-he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldnt work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech. Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; ev
40、eryone was hard at work. Sams supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. How do you do! he said. Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm? The room exploded in laughter,
41、except that the supervisor had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job-with the only tool that could win, a laugh. Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up di
42、fferences, apologizing, saying no, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, its the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on t
43、elevision are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.1. Why was Sam late for his job? A. Because he was seriously ill at home. B. Because he received an ultimatum. C. Because he was busy applying for a new job. D. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.答案解
44、析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam迟到是因为交通堵塞，故答案为D。2. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor. B. Humor is important in our lives. C. Early bird can get the worm. D. Humor can
45、 solve racial discriminations.答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。 结合文章第一段首句 “A lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal attack-when a touch of humor might well enable us to win.”和最后一段首句 “Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.”可知，
46、本文是阐述幽默在生活中的重要性。故答案为B。3. The phrase clamp off in Paragraph 3 means_. A. try to hold back B. pretend to set C. send off D. give out 答案解析：答案为A。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分的前后文，Sam屡次迟到，最后一次要被主管炒鱿鱼的时候，他进办公室却用幽默的方式和主管讲了个冷笑话“您好！我是Sam Maynard，我想申请一个35分钟之前空出来的位置，请问早到的鸟儿有虫吃吗？” 这个笑话惹得办公室的人哄堂大笑，由 “except that the superviso
47、r had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office.” 可知，除了主管不得不强忍着微笑回到自己的办公室，以维护自己的尊严。故答案为A。4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage? A. Many lose lifes battles for they are always late. B. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30. C. It wasnt the first time tha
48、t Sam came late for his work.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第一段第二句话 “Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam刚接到了老板的最后通牒后，却又遇到了交通堵塞，可以推断他经常迟到。故C选项正确。由第二段 Sam说的话“Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago.”可推断，35分钟前老板开除了他，因为没按时到岗，而他在9:35到达办公室，故可推断上班时间是9:00。故B选项错误。A选项未提及，D选项太绝对，均不选。
