1、Unit 12Culture Shock第一部分：语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。You sometimes hear the argument that humans are “naturally vegetarian” or that they evolved as vegetarians.This is somewhat _1_ to pursue as the scientific evidence all indicates that we
2、 are omnivores(杂食者)，i.e.，we can _2_ on a wide variety of plant and animal foods.It also used to be _3_ that the great apes were all fruiteaters，but recent research shows that chimpanzees at least will _4_ and kill small animals and will eat carrion if they find it.The chimpanzee is thought to be our
3、 closest animal _5_.The extreme opposite concept，however，that of Man the Great Hunter，also seems to be _6_.In his book The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee，Jared Diamond describes how he was invited on a hunt by a tribe in New Guinea who had retained(保留)Stone Age technology and _7_ of thought i
4、n the 20th century.The days total bag was two baby birds，a few frogs，and a lot of mushrooms.Although the men of the tribe _8_ boasted of the large animals they had killed，when pressed for details，they _9_ that large animals were killed only a few times in a hunters career.These peoples stone tools w
5、ere far more _10_ than the stone tools found on prehistoric sites，so Professor Diamond thinks it _11_ that prehistoric hunters could have enjoyed a much higher success rate than present-day huntergatherer tribes.It seems more likely that early humans ate carrion，small prey like baby birds，and a lot
6、of plant foods.He cites a notable _12_ to this rule.The first humans to colonize a previously unoccupied island or _13_，e.g.，Madagascar，New Zealand，and America，found animals so _14_ that they didnt run away from hunters.In these instances，something like 80 percent of the large birds and mammal speci
7、es of such an area were _15_ in a relatively short time.【解题导语】 本文讲的是远古的人究竟是靠什么而生存的。1A.ridiculous BdangerousCterrible Ddisgusting答案A前文说到有人认为我们是自然素食者，而后文说有科学依据表明我们是杂食者，所以前面的说法是有点荒唐的，故选A。2A.eat Bwork Cfight Dsurvive答案D我们可以靠吃各种各样的植物和动物生存，故填D。3A.believed Bsaid Choped Dsuggested答案A后面是人们过去错误的看法，故填A。4A.stea
8、l Bscratch Cattack Drob答案C后面是kill small animals因此应该先攻击后杀死小动物。5A.friends Bancestors Cspecies Drelative答案D根据前后语境，这里表示的是“黑猩猩被认为是与我们关系最密切的动物”，故选D。6A.untrue BunbelievableCunknown Dunconditional答案A下面是作者要说明这种极端相反的看法是正确与否，故选A。7A.manners Bhabits Ccustoms Dprinciples答案B在这里应是思维习惯，故选B。8A.occasionally BsuddenlyC
9、frequently Dshortly答案C根据后面的语境是他们频繁地吹嘘自己杀死了多少很大的动物。9A.remarked Bdeclared Cthought Dadmitted答案D承认一个猎手生涯中只有几次能杀死大猎物的机会。与前面boasted形成对比，故选D。10A.advanced BbackwardCmature Dgifted答案A这里指的是前面提到那些打猎人的石器工具要比史前文明时期的石器工具先进的多，故填A。11A.illogical BimpossibleCunnecessary Dabnormal答案B根据前面的语境，Professor Diamond认为史前的打猎者要
10、比现在的打猎者的打猎成功率高得多是不可能的，也与后面的more likely产生对比，故选B。12A.expectation BcircumstanceCexception Dcondition答案C下面是作者所列的这一规律一个例外。13A.country Bterritory Chomeland Dcontinent答案DMadagascar，New Zealand，America是岛屿或洲(指美洲)，故选D。14A.hold Btame Cwild Dviolent答案B根据语境及they didnt run away from hunters，应该这些动物温驯。15A.killed Bp
11、rotected Ceaten Dcooked答案A这里的意思是指要依照这些事例，这么一个地区有80%的大动物早就在很短时间内被消灭掉了，故选A。第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Rivers are one of our most important natural resources.Many of the worlds great _16_ are located on rivers，and almost _17_ country has at least
12、 one river flowing through it that plays _18_ important part in the lives of its people.Since the beginning of history，people _19_(use) rivers for transportation.The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi，and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile._20_ transportation，rivers give water to dri
13、nk，water for crops，and chances for fun and recreation for the people _21_ live along their banks.However，large cities and industries that are located on rivers often make problems.As the cities grow _22_ size and industries increase in number，the water in the rivers becomes _23_(pollute) with chemic
14、als and other materials.People are learning the _24_(important) of doing more to keep their rivers clean _25_ they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource.答案16.cities17.every/each18.an19.have used20.Besides21.who22.in23.polluted24.importance25.if第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分4
15、0分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。AMs Tan，youve referred to your new novel as your eighth book.Thats because it took me six or seven attempts at a second novel before I started and completed this one.Why do you think you had so many false starts?I would say that my reasons were wrong: I was trying to
16、 prove that I wasnt just a motherdaughter storyteller，or I was trying to prove that I didnt just have to write about things that were strictly Chinese or ChineseAmerican.Those were never the right reasons for writing those early stories.And I could never come up with other better reasons for continu
17、ing them.What kept you going on this book?This book was different because it was based on my mothers real life.The reason for writing it became more personal and emotional.After The Joy Luck Club came out，my mother was always explaining to people that she wasnt any of the mothers in that book.And at
18、 one point she said to me，“ Next book tells my true story.” And then she started telling me things I never knew before.She also told me many，many stories，because my mother doesnt generalize.The book really grew out of that.Have you ever visited China?Yes.Ive been there twice：about three years ago an
19、d then again last November，both times with my mother and my husband.Was it difficult to capture the ChineseAmerican dialect without sounding like a parody(拙劣的模仿)?No，because its the language Ive heard all my life from my mother.She speaks English as its direct translation from Chinese.But its more th
20、an that: Her language also has more imagery than English.Can you think of an example?Somebody might say to me，“Dont work so hard.Youll kill yourself.” My mother will say to me，“Why do you press all your brains out on this page for someone else？” So its very vivid.Thats the way she talks.Have many re
21、aders told you that the Chinese mother in your book reminded them of the typical Jewish(犹太人的)mother?Many people have told me that.I think the motherdaughter relationship is very intense in both cases.Culturally there is an acceptance that mothers have the power to tell their children，especially thei
22、r daughters，how to conduct their livesnot simply up until the time they are 18，but for the rest of their lives.However，when children grow up in a different culture from their parents，they tend to keep more secrets from their parents.The children think，“They just wouldnt understand that I had to do t
23、his.” And that can really create a gap，and it can grow as the number of secrets grows.【解题导语】 这是一篇人物访谈纪实。通读这篇访谈录，我们可以了解华裔美国作家Ms Tan 创作第二部作品的经历。26Based on the questions in this interview，what do you think Ms Tans profession is?AA journalist.BA story writer.CAn interviewer.DAn interviewee.答案B推理判断题。根据文中
24、的“your new novel，a second novel”等关键词及访谈内容可知，Ms Tan 是一名小说家。C、D两项有一定的干扰性，注意题干中问的是“profession(职业)。”27Whats TRUE about Tans second book?AIts about her real life in America.BThe name of the book is The Joy Luck Club.CIt is the result of many times of careful thought.DIt includes many works of her mother.
25、答案C细节判断题。根据文中的“it took me six or seven attempts at a second novel before I started and completed this one”可知，Tan 在完成这部书的写作之前曾经历过六、七次尝试，说明这本书是她经过多次深思熟虑的产物。28Which question is NOT answered in the interview?AHow does she think of her mothers language?BHow many books does she plan to write?CWhen did she
26、 visit China?DHow is generation gap created?答案B细节理解题。她计划写几本书？“这个问题在文中找不到答案，其他三项文中均有涉及。29We can infer that_.ATans mother is a good storytellerBTan plans to write another book about her motherCTan plans to return to ChinaDTans mother is hard to communicate with because of personality答案A推理判断题。根据文中的“She
27、 also told me many，many stories，because my mother doesnt generalize”和“So its very vivid.Thats the way she talks”可知，Tan 的母亲是一位善于讲故事的人。30The last paragraph mainly talks about_.Ahow to keep secrets from parentsBhow to deal with the motherdaughter relationshipChow to conduct the livesDhow the generation
28、 gap comes about答案D段落主旨题。此段大意是：传统地认为母亲有教育孩子们一生如何生活的权力，而孩子们随着年龄的增长，他们不愿将自己的秘密告诉父母，从而产生了代沟。因此本段主要阐述的是代沟是如何产生的。BFew of us havent read Cinderella，the story of a young woman living in poverty who meets the prince of her dreams.Some might not want to admit it，but there is a hidden Cinderella in everyones
29、heartwe all wish we could achieve recognition or success after a period of obscurity (默默无闻) or neglect.Mary Santiago has that secret dream，too.Her story is featured in Another Cinderella Story，a film set in a US high school.Mary is shy but loves to dance.Compared with other girls，she is invisible.Ho
30、wever，her world changes completely when a famous teenage pop singer，Joey Parker，appears.Joey is everything，the rest of the boys in her class are notkind；handsome and desirable.Mary and Joeys paths cross at a ball.They meet and fall in love with each other.But when Mary has to rush back home，she leav
31、es behind her MP3 player，which becomes the only clue Joey has to find the girl of his dreams.Of course，there is a wicked(邪恶的)stepmother，who turns out to be Dominique Blatt and she takes in Mary after her dancer mother dies.Dominique treats Mary like a maid and does everything she can to make sure Ma
32、ry doesnt get into the top dance school.Her two daughters are equally determined to stop Joey falling for Mary，even if that means embarrassing her.The story，though it mostly follows Cinderella，does add a few modern day twists to the classic fairy tale.Refreshingly，the film，unlike many high school fi
33、lms，does not focus on looks，although the actors are all beautiful.There is also a lot less materialism in Another Cinderella Story than in many similar movies.“The movie takes the Cinderella fairytale as its jumping off point，”writes movie critic Amber Wilkinson.“The focus is firmly on following you
34、r dream.”【解题导语】 本文介绍了一部电影Another Cinderella Story的剧情Mary 和Joey 之间的爱情故事。31The first paragraph is mainly to_.Abuild interest and lead us to Marys secret dreamBremind us why Cinderella is popular all the yearsCinform us of the main topic of the whole passageDtell us how interesting the fairy tale Cinde
35、rella is答案A本题考查段落大意。通过第一段的介绍，主要是建立兴趣和引导人们去探寻Mary的秘密。32In the movie，Mary Santiago is the main character who_.Ais brave in expressing her loveBis attended badly by the stepmotherChas a dream of meeting a princeDis embarrassed by the pop singer答案B本题考查细节理解。由第四段可知，她的继母对她不好。33What can we infer from the pa
36、ssage?AJoey is just like other boys in Marys calss.BMarys mother influences her a lot in singing.CNot many people have a dream to be realized.DThe MP3 player helps Joey in finding Mary.答案D本题考查细节理解。由第四段第三句可知，MP3是Joey梦想找到Mary的唯一线索。34The passage is mainly_.Aan introduction to a filmBa review about a fi
37、lmCan essay about dreamsDan advertisement of Cinderella答案B本题考查细节理解。由倒数第二段以及最后一段“writes movie critic”可知本文是一篇电影评论。35According to the passage，Another Cinderella Story _.Afollows Cinderella with nothing newBpays more attention to the looks of the actorsCencourages young people to follow their dreamsDfoc
38、uses more on materialism than other films答案C本题考查细节理解。结合第一段以及最后一句可知Another Cinderella Story 鼓励年轻人追求自己的梦想。CIt was a freezing day a few years ago，when I picked up a wallet in the street.There was no identification inside.Just three dollars，and a crumpled(揉皱的)letter that looked as if it had been carried
39、 around for years.I read it carefully，hoping to find some clue to the identity of the wallets owner.The only thing for me to know on the torn envelope was the return address.I opened the letter and saw that it had been written in 1924almost 60 years ago.The writer told the recipient，Michael，that her
40、 mother forbade her to see him again.Nevertheless，she would always love him.It was signed Hannah.There was no way to identify the owner.So I turned to the operator.She introduced me to supervisor(上级)，who said there was a phone listed at the address，but that she could not give me the number.I waited
41、a minute and she came back on the line.“I have a woman who will speak with you.”I asked the woman if she knew a Hannah.“Of course! We bought this house from Hannahs family thirty years ago.Hannah placed her mother in a nursing home years ago.”The woman gave me the name of the nursing home and an add
42、ress where she thought Hannah could be reached.I called and found out that Hannahs mother had died.The woman who answered explained that Hannah herself was now living in a nursing home.She gave me the number.It was almost 10 pm.I saw Hannah.I told her about finding the wallet and showed her the lett
43、er.As soon as she saw it，she took a deep breath.“Young man，”she said，“this letter was the last contact I had with Michael”36What is the best topic of the article？AA Moving LetterBLetter in the walletCDevoted to LoveDA Lost Letter答案B本文以捡拾钱包里的信为线索，展开寻找钱包主人的故事，但并没侧重信的内容，故最佳答案是B。37.According to the arti
44、cle，which of the following is true?AThe story happened on a warm day.BHannah fell in love with Michael.CMichael refused to accept Hannahs letter.DIt was very easy for“me” to find Hannah.答案B根据第一段倒数一句Nevertheless，she would always love him，可以知道B正确。38According to the article，which can be inferred?AThe a
45、uthor handed the letter to Hannah in the end.BThe author was not ready to help others.CHannahs mother was against her to contact with Michael.DHannah placed her mother in a nursing home.答案C根据第一段的her mother forbade her to see him again，可以推知C。39In what year did the author probably write the article?Ai
46、n 1924 Bin 2004 Cin 1984 Din 1956答案C根据it had been written in 1924almost 60 years ago，可以得知答案。40According to the article，the owner of the wallet was probably_.AHannahs mother BHannahCMichael Doperator答案B由文章情节可以推知，Hannah 是钱包的主人，里面放着她写给Michael 的信。DIf you say，“The cat is out of the bag”instead of“The sec
47、ret is given away，”you are using an idiom.The meaning of an idiom is different from the actual meaning of the words used.“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”is a proverb.Proverbs are old but familiar sayings that usually give advice.Both idioms and proverbs are part of our daily speech.Many are ve
48、ry old and have interesting histories.See how many of these sayings you know.“Bury the hatchet.”Native Americans used to bury weapons to show that fighting had ended and enemies were now at peace.Today，the idiom means to make up with a friend after an argument or fight.“A close shave.”In the past，st
49、udents barbers learned to shave on customers.If they shaved too close，their customers might be cut or even hardly escape serious injury.Today，we use the idiom if a person narrowly escapes disaster.“He who pays the piper calls the turn.”In the MiddleAges，people were treated by traveling musicians.Who
50、ever paid the price could choose the music.The proverb means that whoever pays is in charge.“The pot calling the kettle black.”In the 17th century，both pots and kettles turned black because they were used over open fires.Today，this idiom means criticizing someone else for a fault of ones own.【解题导语】习
51、语和谚语是我们日常用语当中的一部分，大部分都有着有趣的历史故事。本文叙述了几则习语的来源和含义。41The purpose of this article is to_.Acompare idioms and proverbsBexplain some interesting everyday expressionsCadvise you to use idioms and proverbsDshow the importance of using idioms答案B本文的中心就在于解释一些有趣的常用的习语和谚语。42If someone digs up the hatchet，he prob
52、ably intends to_.Afight Bwork Cbuy it Dsell it答案A因为Bury the hatchet 表示和平，那么Dig up the hatchet 就表示拿起武器，准备打仗。43Which of the following statements is an example of“a close shave”？AMy brother cut his finger yesterday.BHe bought a bike at a low price.CA car nearly hit me on my way home.Da bird escaped out
53、 of the net.答案C由于a close shave表示“死里逃生”，那么在举的4个例子中只有C项最贴切：我差一点儿就被车撞了。44According to the article，“the piper”must be_.Aprice BmusicCa tool Da musician答案D“He who pays the piper calls the turn”最初是表示在想听travelling musician唱歌时，谁付钱谁就可以选择曲目，所以piper应表示“音乐家”。45It can be inferred from the article that_.Ait is di
54、fficult to guess the meaning of idiomsBpots and kettles are white todayCyou shouldnt use idioms in your writingDproverbs are more common than idioms答案A原文提到“The meaning of an idiom is different from the actual meaning of the words used.”从中可知习语都有深层含义，所以若不知习语是怎样起源的话，很难猜出它究竟表达什么含义。第二节：信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分
55、10分)首先请阅读下列深圳书城畅销书的封面及基本信息：AForewordThe Antidepressant Survival Guide：The Clinically Proven Program to Enhance the Benefits and Beat the Side Effects of Your Medication by Robert J. Hedaya，M.D.Robert J. Hedaya，M.D.，is a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Hospitals Department o
56、f Psychiatry.Motto：Live well.BHow Fear Limits UsOn Becoming Fearless.in Love，Work，and Lifeby Arianna HuffingtonArianna Huffington was raised in Greece by her fearless mother.She has written this book for her two daughters in the hope that they will lead fearless lives.Motto：Overcome the obstacle，get
57、 over the next hill.CDetermination：How to Set Goals and Go After ThemFight Your Fear and Winby Don Greene，Ph.D.Don Greene，Ph.D.，was a nationally ranked high school diver.He was the sports psychologist for the US. Olympic Diving Team.Motto：Determination is drive.DThe Anger BusinessAnger：The Misunders
58、tood Emotionby Carol Tavris，Ph.D.Carol Tavris，Ph.D.，was a senior editor.She now teaches from time to time in the department of psychology at UCLA.Motto：Reduce Stress!EIn the Presence of DangerThe Gift of Fearby Gavin de BeckerGavin de Becker，Americas leading expert on violence，is the bestselling aut
59、hor of The Gift of Fear：Survival Signals.Motto：Trust and act on our straight instincts.FMoving from Fear to FreedomTransforming Anxiety，Transcending Shameby Rex Briggs，M.S.W.Rex Briggs，M.S.W.，has been a selected speaker at the National Anxiety Disorders Association of Americas conferences since 1986
60、.Motto：Weaken anxiety.下面是这些书的简要内容，请匹配相应的书名。46This useful，popular book shows that if you go broke and lose love，please hold yourself back.If you look fat，just face it calmly.If you are in survival thinking，the most important is that you get rid of all the difficulties in front of us，and life will be
61、safe，perfect.If your daughters are to take their rightful place in society，they must become fearless.47In this book，the author calls the nations leading experts on violent behavior，and shows you how to spot even tiny signs of danger before its too late.Most violent acts are unpredictable.It points o
62、ut that true fear is often a signal that can save your life.Believe the threat of violence surrounds us every day.But we can protect ourselves by straight judgment.48This book based on his years of clinical experience.It says about twentyfive million Americans take medicine to avoid depression.Despi
63、te the advances in the treatment of depression in recent years，many patients，even with the best medical care，feel that they are not living rich and fulfilling lives.This book will direct you how to survive well.49This interesting book tells us that annoyance is as much a political matter as a biolog
64、ical one.And anger is a definite message：Pay attention to me.I dont like what you are doing.Restore my pride.Youre in my way.Give me justice.This book suggests that when youre angry，just let it right out.50This valuable book states that nervousness has become a constant factor in todays society like
65、 a sign of the times，but it is sometimes difficult to recognize the effects of anxiety on our mental health.The only way to feel better about ourselves is to go out and do it.46答案B题中的“go broke and lose love”和最后一句同B项中“On Becoming Fearless.in Love，Work and Life”和“for her two daughters in the hope that
66、 they will lead fearless lives”相照应。47答案E题中的“leading experts on violent behavior”和“by straight judgment”同E项中的“leading expert on violence”和“on our straight instincts”相照应。48答案A题中的“take medicine to avoid depression” “This book will direct you how to survive well”和“clinical experience”同A项中的“Beat the Side
67、 Effcts of Your Medication” “clinical professor”和“Live well”相照应。49答案D题中的“annoyance”和“when youre angry，just let it right out”同D项中的“The Anger Business”和书名相照应。50答案F题中的“nervousness”和“but it is sometimes difficult to recognize the effects of anxiety on our mental health”同F项中的书名和格言相照应。第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)第一
68、节：基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)以下是一则关于中国政府决定禁烟的报道的主要内容。内容：公共场所禁烟实施时间：2011年1月1日起实施范围：全国目标：所有室内公共场所无烟措施：张贴禁烟标志相关数据：(1)吸烟人数：约3.5亿(2)分布：男性75%；女性25%(3)受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿(4)因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年二手烟：secondhand smoke【写作内容】请根据以上内容给学校英语墙报写一篇通讯，内容包括：1禁烟决定的内容及实施的时间和范围；2目标和措施；3相关数据。【写作要求】只能用5个句子表达全部内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。_【参考范
69、文】(1)The Chinese government has decided to ban smoking in public places across the country.This decision，which aims to make all indoor public places smokefree，will come into effect from the first day of 2011.To this end，nosmoking signs will be put up in all indoor public places.Currently China has a
70、bout 350 million smokers，among whom 75% are men and 25% are women.Around 540 million people are affected by secondhand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year.(2)The Chinese government has decided that smoking be banned in indoor public places all over the country.This decision，which will be carr
71、ied out from January 1,2011，aims to bring a complete smokefree indoor environment.In order to achieve this goal，nosmoking signs will be put up in all indoor public places.Statistics show that China has approximately 350,000,000 smokers，among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.Around 54
72、0 million people are affected by secondhand smoke，causing 100,000 deaths a year.第二节：读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。In junior high school，one of my classmates，Ethan，was addicted to TV.This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Whos the Boss?Then one day Ethans mother made h
73、im an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects.She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV.None of us thought Ethan could do it，but he did quit TV.His mom paid him $200.He went out and bought a TV，the biggest he could find.In recent yea
74、rs，hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades.All school kids admire this trend.But it upsets adults.Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will.Psychologists warn that money can
75、actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap.The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases.【写作内容】1以约30词概括上文的主要内容。2以约120词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：(1)你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；(2)你的父母(或其他亲
76、人)是如何鼓励你学习的；(3)你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。【写作要求】1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。_【参考范文】Ethans mother failed to stop Ethan watching TV by rewarding him with cash.This kind of action is common，and even becomes a trend，which is concerned by many adults.Fr
77、om where I stand，I am not in favor of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks.My parents used to encourage me like this.Whenever I made progress in my studies，they bought me my favourite books，which not only made me motivated to learn，but also helped me get along well with m
78、y studies.To get kids motivated to learn，I think we should not treat every child in the same way.To some students，oral praise is essential.Dont save the praise for only the top score.If possible，involve other adults in praising them.However，this method may not work well with other kids.Maybe what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents.It just depends.
