1、甘肃省天水市第一中学2020-2021学年高一英语上学期第一学段考试试题（含解析）满分：100分 时间：90分钟第卷 选择题（共50分）.阅读理解（共10小题每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEach time Chinese New Year is approaching, preparations are underway around the world. Here are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to mark the day
2、.LondonAlthough it may not be as large or as long-built as others, having only become a center for the Chinese community during the 1950s, Londons Chinatown is perfectly formed little firework that knows how to see in the year with a bang. Decorated with red lanterns, previous years have seen shows
3、with acrobatics（杂技）, martial arts（武术）,dance and opera nearby.San FranciscoSan Franciscos Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the United States. The city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Sto
4、ckton Street, this historic area is a local treasure, attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.BangkokWith an about 100-year-old history, the Thai capitals Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty treats, clothes, toys and antiques. Sunday market days are s
5、uch a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood. The area is also known for its gold dealers, whose shops line the road.MauritiusFound in Port Louis, this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nations rich multicultural diversity. Established in the early years of the 20th century by s
6、ettlers from China, its tiny shops and restaurants serve locals and visitors. During the Chinese Spring Festival, the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional lion dances through the streets.1. According to the text, which of t
7、he following has the longest history?A. Londons Chinatown.B. San Franciscos Chinatown.C. Mauritiuss Chinatown.D. Bangkoks Chinatown.2. Whats special about Bangkoks Chinatown?A. It is crowded with Chinese restaurants.B. It is the major entrance for the Chinese.C. It is well-known for its gold busines
8、s.D. It is when you can enjoy fireworks.3. If you want to enjoy the Dragon Dances, you can go to _.A. Rue Royale in Port Louis, MauritiusB. the Sunday market in BangkokC. the Grant Avenue in San FranciscoD. the Chinese community in London【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个外国城市的唐人街为庆祝中国新年所做的一些准备活动。
9、【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段的句子San Franciscos Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the United StatesThe city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th centuryLondon.during the 1950s伦敦的唐人街开始在20世纪50年代, Bangkok With an about 100-year-old history曼谷的唐人街有百
10、年历史,Mauritius. Established in the early years of the 20th century by settlers from China,毛里求斯的唐人街20世纪开始 和其它地方的时间作比较，可知，旧金山的唐人街历史最悠久，开始在19世纪早期，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子The area is also known for its gold dealers，whose shops line the road可知，曼谷的唐人街以黄金生意出名，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子During the Chinese
11、Spring Festival，the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional Lion dances through the streets可知，如果你想欣赏舞龙，你可以去毛里求斯的Rue Royale in Port Louis，故选A。BWhen my father married my mother in 1943 he gave my mother a 1937 crown coin and tol
12、d her to keep it in the back of her purse and not spend it. This would mean that she always felt that she was protected and would always have money if she really needed it.When I was married in 1970 my husband who had heard this story obtained a 1937 crown for me and I have always kept it in my wall
13、et and I have always had enough for my needs.A friend recently fell on hard times partly through external (外部的) circumstances and partly through poor planning. Friends and I have loaned her money, paid her bills, even given her food and tried to teach her budget techniques, but none of them has been
14、 a solution. She has just slipped deeper and deeper into financial trouble and depression.Last week she looked pale and unwell, very depressed and hopeless. I then thought about how the crown, a reminder of anothers care and love, had protected me so I went to the bank for a $100 dollar bill. I told
15、 my friend the story and asked her to keep the $100 in the back of her wallet. It turned out that she didnt have a wallet so she put the money in a little pencil case where she kept her coins. She immediately felt better. “I feel rich and thank you for being a good friend” she said and we were both
16、a bit teary.The reason for passing this on is not to praise any generosity on my part but to show the power of “random acts of kindness”. I went home and remembered a little wallet I had that Id never used and thought “Ill give that to my friend.” I opened it and inside found $100. The universe is v
17、ery just and if your heart is open the reward always comes.4. What did the 1937 crown coin from the authors father mean to her mother?A. His concern for her.B. His pity and protection for her.C. His care and love for her.D. His pride and respect for her.5. Where did the authors friend keep the $100
18、dollar-bill?A. In the back of her wallet.B. In a little pencil case.C. In the pocket of her raincoat.D. In the layer of her suitcase.6. What can he inferred from the last Paragraph?A. The author became rich all of a sudden.B. The authors friend would receive a wallet as a gift.C. The authors friend
19、was not touched by her story.D. The author felt uncomfortable when receiving the bill.7. What can be the best title for the text?A A hard lifeB. The help to a friendC. A crown coinD. A gift from my father【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。我的一位朋友陷入了经济危机，我们帮她的方法都不起效。我想起了我一直放在钱包里的皇冠硬币，它如同护身符一样让我衣食无忧。于是
20、，我给了这位朋友一张百元的钞票，也让她放进钱包里，希望带给她好运和信心。没想到，我的善意给我带来了回报。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句This would mean that she always felt that she was protected and would always have money if she really needed it.可知作者父亲给她母亲的一枚硬币代表了父亲对母亲的爱和关心，故选C。5题详解】细节理解题。第四段倒数第二句so she put the money in a little pencil case where she kept her
21、 coins可知作者的朋友把作者的一百美元放进了一个铅笔盒里，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。最后一段倒数第二句I went home and remembered a little wallet I had that Id never used and thought “Ill give that to my friend.”可知作者要送给朋友一个钱包作为礼物，故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容为一枚象征着“关爱”的硬币为中心，故C选项最符合题意。CLondon UndergroundThe worlds first subway was built in London in 18
22、63. At the time, the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for worker
23、s to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work, they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease（减轻）the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London.
24、From these problems, the idea of the London Underground, the first subway system, was born.The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays, but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6 ki
25、lometers（3.7 miles）long. About 30,000 people got on the subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed), and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels wit
26、h ash and soot（煤灰）, as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems, riding in the Underground did catch on. It carried 9 million riders in its first year.8 What led the British government to build the Lond
27、on Underground?A. Traffic jams and pollution.B. Population and pollution.C. Overcrowding and traffic jams.D. The poverty and subway problems.9. How did the London Underground solve the smoke problem?A. It made the tunnels larger.B. It put fans in the tunnels.C. It cleaned the chemical gases in the t
28、unnels.D. It reduced the number of passengers riding in the train.10. Which of the following is TRUE?A. To relocate the workers homes outside London, the government built the subway.B. There were so many problems and delays that in 18th century the first subway opened.C. The subway greatly eased the
29、 pressure of traffic.D. There were not enough seats for the passengers the first day the subway opened.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述伦敦地铁建立的原因以及在建设过程中遇到的问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“At the time, the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor a
30、reas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through.(那时候，政府正在寻找一种方法来减少伦敦市的交通问题。城市的贫困地区挤满了人，马车几乎不可能通过)”可知，是交通拥挤和堵塞问题使政府建造地铁。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第五、六句“However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and so(煤灰),
31、as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe.(然而，引擎冒出的烟很快就充满了隧道里的空气，隧道里面有煤灰和化学气体。后来不得不在隧道里安装风扇，以保持空气足够清洁可以让人们呼吸)”可知，伦敦地铁通过在隧道里安装风扇来解决隧道内的烟尘问题。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，当初建造地铁的目的就是为了缓解交通，结合文章最后两句“Even with its problems, riding
32、 in the Underground did catch on. It carried 9 million riders in its first year.(尽管有这些问题，乘坐地铁还是流行起来了。第一年就有900万乘客)”可知，地铁缓解了英国的交通问题。故选C项。【点睛】.阅读七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Grow Plants in the ClassroomGrowing plants in the classroom is an excellent way to get st
33、udents excited about science!Start with seeds（种子）in the classroom. _11_ They can do this by putting seeds or beans in wet paper towels and then in a clear plastic bag. The seeds should begin coming out in a few days, which can give the students an idea of what is happening underground when plants be
34、gin to grow.Continue with seeds in the classroom. At the same time as the seeds are beginning to come out, plant the same type of seeds in soil. _12_ They can also predict（预测）how long it will be before the seeds come out and are seen above the soil._13_ A quick Internet search should let you know wh
35、ich plants are native to your area. This can connect the plant-growing in the classroom with natural history and other social studies lessons. Also, after growing the plants in your classroom, you can take the students on field trips to see where the plants grow naturally.Explore the needs of plants
36、 _14_ You can know what they actually need by growing plants in the classroom and making observations along the way.In all, growing plants in the classroom is sure to be an exciting science lesson. _15_ They can train their creativity with their own gardens!A. What do plants need to stay alive?B. Gr
37、ow native plants in your classroom.C. Try to start an outdoor garden in your school.D. Carrots and tomatoes can be grown easily.E. Students of all ages learn more knowledge from growing things.F. Students can learn about what exactly is happening under the soil.G. For very young children, it is exci
38、ting just to see the seeds come out.【答案】11. G 12. F 13. B 14. A 15. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。在教室种植物是一种让学生们对科学感兴趣的方法，文章主要介绍如何在教室种植植物。【11题详解】空前“Start with seeds（种子）in the classroom.”是种植植物的第一步，即先在教室里播种，根据空后句中的coming out可知，空处应是描述播种之后种子发芽的情况，G项“看到种子发芽会让小孩子兴奋不已”符合语境，空后一句中的“They”指代G项中的“very young children”，故选G项。【1
39、2题详解】空前一句“At the same time as the seeds are beginning to come out, plant the same type of seeds in soil.”提到“在种子开始发芽的同时，在土壤中种植相同类型的种子”，空后一句“They can also predict（预测）how long it will be before the seeds come out and are seen above the soil.(他们也能预测种子要多长时间才能长出来，从土壤上可以被看到)”是描述学生从中学到的知识，根据本句中的“also”可知，空处句
40、式应和空后一致，也是讲述学生从中学到的知识，F项“学生们可以了解土壤中到底发生什么变化”符合语境。故选F项。【13题详解】根据空后一句“A quick Internet search should let you know which plants are native to your area.(在网上快速搜索一下，你就会知道哪些植物是你所在地区的本土植物)”可知，要在教室种植本土的植物，B项“在教室种植本土植物”符合语境，B项中的“native”和空后一句中的“native”呼应，故选B项。【14题详解】根据空前的“the needs”和空后的“what they actually nee
41、d”他们真正需要什么。可知，本段主要讲述植物的需求，A项“植物需要什么才能存活？”符合语境，故选A项。【15题详解】根据空前的in the classroom和空后的“他们可以用自己的花园训练自己的创造力”可知，学生能从种植东西中学到知识，E项“各年龄段的学生都会从种植东西中学到更多知识”符合语境，空后一句中的“They”指代E项中的“Students of all ages”，故选E项。【点睛】.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When travelling aro
42、und the world, I came across a beautiful town called Trancoso in Brazil. The people in the town were friendly and warm. What I _16_ liked was that everyone gives the _17_ acknowledgement（打招呼）when seeing each other _18_ a wave or a stare. So as I was walking down the streets, people gave me the thumb
43、s up. This _19_ my day. When I was lying on the beach, a man walked up to me to sell me some hats. I loved the hats but didnt have any money _20_ me. He saw that I was _21_ the hats, so he gave me the hat and said he would see me again to get the money and that there was no _22_. This was such a(n)
44、_23_ way to sell something. Of course I accepted the _24_ and still take the hat with me wherever I go because the hat makes me remember how _25_ people could be. Later on that day another man came over to me and asked _26_ I wanted to eat in his restaurant. I accepted his offer _27_ and followed hi
45、m. It was the perfect restaurant for the town, _28_ ten tables. The dishes were delicious and he paid _29_ to each dishs taste and colour. When it was time to _30_ he only took cash and I only had a card. With the _31_ ATM about seven miles away, I didnt know what to do. He _32_ to me and said, Just
46、 pay before you leave town. This was the second time in one day that I had been given something without immediate pay. How surprising it was!What I _33_ from these experiences is that there are people out in the world _34_ main focus（关注点）isnt money but making other people happy with their _35_.16. A
47、. usuallyB. secretlyC. reallyD. certainly17. A. nodB. thumbs upC. smileD. handshake18. A. instead ofB. more thanC. because ofD. such as19. A. startedB. sangC. madeD. took20. A. ofB. forC. inD. on21. A. ready forB. interested inC. concerned aboutD. careful with22. A. doubtB. questionC. discussionD. r
48、ush23. A. usefulB. normalC. easyD. difficult24. A. choiceB. planC. helpD. offer25. A. niceB. richC. meanD. strange26. A. ifB. whenC. whatD. how27. A. carefullyB. calmlyC. happilyD. patiently28. A. bookingB. seatingC. restingD. placing29. A. timeB. moneyC. careD. attention30. A. payB. orderC. leaveD.
49、 count31. A. quickestB. bestC. nearestD. farthest32. A. smiledB. shoutedC. wavedD. pointed33. A. rememberedB. learnedC. realizedD. guessed34. A. whereB. whoseC. whoD. that35. A. energyB. confidenceC. supportD. generosity【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28.
50、B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在巴西的一座小城Trancoso旅游时的经历，当地人非常友好热情，在作者没带钱的情况下先把帽子赊给作者；在作者吃饭没带现金的情况下，让作者先吃饭，离城前结账就可以了。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真正喜欢的是每个人见面时都竖起大拇指打招呼，而不是挥手或者凝视。A. usually通常，常常；B. secretly秘密地；C. really真正地；D. certainly肯定。根据前一句“The people in the town were frie
51、ndly and warm.”可知，城里的人非常友好热情，作者真正喜欢的是人们打招呼的方式。故选C项。【17题详解】考查名词、短语辨析。句意：我真正喜欢的是每个人见面时都竖起大拇指打招呼，而不是挥手或者凝视。A. nod点头；B. thumbs up竖起大拇指；C. smile微笑；D. handshake握手。根据下文“people gave me the thumbs up”的提示可知，人们见面是竖起大拇指打招呼。故选B项。【18题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我真正喜欢的是每个人见面时都竖起大拇指打招呼，而不是挥手或者凝视。A. instead of而不是；B. more than多于，
52、超过；C. because of因为；D. such as比如，诸如。根据下文“people gave me the thumbs up”的提示可知，彼此遇见的时候，用thumbs up的方式打招呼，而不是a wave or a stare。instead of“而不是，代替”符合语境。 故选A项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我一天都非常开心。A. started开始；B. sang唱歌；C. made使，让；D. took取，拿。根据上文内容可知，作者喜欢竖起大拇指的打招呼方式，所以走在街上人们竖起大拇指时，作者应是感到高兴，make ones day使某人一天非常高兴，是固定
53、短语。故选C项。【20题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢帽子但是我身上没带钱。A. of属于，的；B. for给，对，为了；C. in在里面；D. on在上面。根据转折词but可知，此处表示作者喜欢帽子但身上没带钱。have no money on sb. 为固定搭配，意为“某人身上没有钱”，故选D项。【21题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：他看到我对帽子很感兴趣，所以他就把帽子给了我，并说他会再跟我见面拿钱，不着急。A. ready for为做好准备；B. interested in对感兴趣；C. concerned about关心，挂念；D. careful with小心。根据上文“I
54、loved the hats”可知作者喜欢帽子，此处和上文的“loved”相对应，表示他看出我对帽子感兴趣。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到我对帽子很感兴趣，所以他就把帽子给了我，并说他会再跟我见面拿钱，不着急。A. doubt怀疑；B. question问题；C. discussion讨论；D. rush匆忙。根据语境可知，此处是描述那个男人的友好热心，在作者没带钱的情况下把帽子赊账给作者，让他不着急还钱。 故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是卖东西的简单方式。A. useful 有用的；B. normal正常的；C. easy轻松的，简单的；D. d
55、ifficult困难的。根据上文中“so he gave me the hat ”可知，作者没带钱，但那个男人把那顶帽子拿给了作者，因此可知这种卖东西的方式很简单。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，我接受了他的提议，我无论去哪儿都随身带着那顶帽子，因为帽子使我记得人可以有多么友好。A. choice选择；B. plan计划；C. help帮助；D. offer提议。根据文章内容可知，是那个男人看到作者喜欢帽子，把帽子拿给作者，因此可知对方主动提议先把帽子给作者，下文I accepted his offer也有提示。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，我接
56、受了他的提议，我无论去哪儿都随身带着那顶帽子，因为帽子使我记得人可以有多么友好。A. nice友好的；B. rich富裕的；C. mean吝啬的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。根据上文内容可知，那个男人的举动是友好的，故选A项。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：那天晚些时候一个人走向我，问我是否愿意到他的饭店吃饭。A. if是否；B. when当时；C. what什么；D. how如何。根据下一句“I accepted his offer _12_ and followed him.”可知，此处是指他问我是否愿意去他的饭店吃饭，故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我高兴地
57、接受了他的邀请，跟着他走。A. carefully小心地；B. calmly冷静地；C. happily高兴地；D. patiently耐心地。根据“followed him”可知， 作者应是高兴地接受了提议。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是这个城里最好的饭店，能容纳十张桌子。A. booking预定；B. seating可容纳；C. resting（使）倚靠，休息；D. placing放置。根据“It was the perfect restaurant”可知，此处是描述饭店，饭店应是容纳十张桌子，seat“可容纳若干座位”符合语境。 故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义
58、辨析。句意：他的饭菜非常可口，他留心每一道菜的味道和色泽。A. time时间；B. money金钱；C. care关爱；D. attention注意力。根据“The dishes were delicious”可知，他注重每一道菜的味道和色泽，pay attention to“关注，注意”，是固定短语。 故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当付款的时候，他只收现金而我只带了银行卡。A. pay支付，付款；B. order命令，订货；C. leave离开，遗留；D. count数数，把算入。根据空后“he only took cash and I only had a card”及下
59、文“He 17 to me and said, Just pay before you leave town.”的提示可知，此处指付款。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的自动取款机也在约7英里之外，我不知道怎么办。A. quickest最快的；B. best最好的；C. nearest最近的；D. farthest最远的。上文提到作者没带现金，此处应是指最近的取款机，故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对我笑了笑说：“在离开城市前付钱就可以。”A. smiled微笑；B. shouted喊，大喊；C. waved挥手；D. pointed指向，表明。通过上下
60、文可知，此处是体现人的友善，smiled最符合语境。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从这些经历中学到的就是：世界上有一些人，他们主要关注的不是钱，而是用他们的慷慨使别人开心。A. remembered记得；B. learned学习；C. realized意识到；D. guessed猜想。结合语境可知，此处指作者从这些经历中学到的道理，得出的感悟，learned符合语境，故选B项。【34题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从这些经历中学到的一点就是：世界上有一些人，他们主要关注的不是钱，而是用他们的慷慨使别人开心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是“people”，关系
61、词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，应用whose引导。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从这些经历中学到的一点就是：世界上有一些人，他们主要关注的不是钱，而是用他们的慷慨使别人开心。A. energy能量，能源；B. confidence自信；C. support支持；D. generosity慷慨。根据文章内容可知，这座城市的人先给作者东西或是先让作者吃饭，过后再收钱，这表明人很慷慨。故选D项。【点睛】第卷 非选择题（共50分）.语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。With the _36_ （dev
62、elop）of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because _37_ air pollution.Air pollution is caused by the following _38_(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the
63、roads, and they give off _39_（poison）gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health _40_ to others. _41_ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight _42_ pollution. Ne
64、w fuel can be used to take_43_ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the _44_（important）of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will _45_ （solve）.【答案】36. development 37. of 38. reasons 39. poisonous 40. but 41. besides 42. against 43. the 44. importanc
65、e 45. be solved【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了造成空气污染的原因，并呼吁人们保护环境阻止污染。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。定冠词the后接名词，故填development。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：在北京，许多人因空气污染而患上各种疾病。because后接完整句子；because of 后接名词或名词短语，分析句子可知，air pollution为名词短语，故填of。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：空气污染是由以下原因造成的:大约一半的问题是由汽车造成的。句中following意为“如下的”，为形容词，后接名词，由下文可知
66、，原因不止一个，应用其复数形式，故填reasons。39题详解】考查形容词。句意：有越来越多的汽车，公共汽车在道路上，他们释放有毒的气体。gases为名词，应用形容词修饰，故填poisonous。【40题详解】考查固定短语。句意：吸烟不仅危害自己的健康，也危害他人的健康。分析句子可知，句中not only.but also，意为“不仅而且”，为固定搭配，also可省略，故填but。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：除此之外，大约10%的空气污染是由其他原因造成的。由上文可知，前面提到了三种污染因素，故此处为“除了这些”，besides意为“除之外(还有)”，近义词except“除之外（没有其他）”
67、，结合句意，故填besides。【42题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们应该采取措施与污染作斗争。fight against 意为“对抗”，为固定搭配，且符合句意，故填against。【43题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：新燃料可以用来代替汽油。take the place of 意为“替代”，为固定搭配，且符合句意，故填the。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：如果每个人都意识到环境的重要性，做一些事情来阻止污染，问题将会得到解决。句中定冠词the后接名词，故填importance。【45题详解】考查语态。句意：如果每个人都意识到环境的重要性，做一些事情来阻止污染，问题将会得到解决。分析句子可知，句中
68、the problem和谓语动词solve之间为被动关系，表示问题被解决，应用被动语态，故填be solved。【点睛】.课文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A根据课文，在空白处填入适当的单词。One evening _46_ it was so warm, I stayed _47_ on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. I am only able to look at nature _48_ dirty curtains _49_ before
69、very dusty windows.【答案】46. when 47. awake 48. through 49. hanging【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者熬夜通过窗户欣赏大自然的事情。【46题详解】考查连词。句意：一天晚上，当天气如此暖和的时候，为了独自好好欣赏一下月亮，我故意保持清醒到十一点半。此处是时间状语从句，应用when引导，意为“当时”，故填when。【47题详解】考查形容词。stayed在句中用作连系动词，形容词awake作表语，意为“清醒的，醒着的”，故填awake。【48题详解】考查介词。句意：我只能透过那张挂在布满灰尘窗户上的脏窗帘来看大自然。此处表示
70、“通过”，使用介词through，故填through。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。动词hang意为“悬挂”，与逻辑主语dirty curtains之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填hanging。【点睛】B根据课文，在空白处填入适当的单词。So why has English changed over time? _50_ all languages change and develop when cultures meet and _51_ with each other. At first the English _52_ in England between about AD
71、450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.【答案】50. Actually 51. communicate 52. spoken【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述英语随着时间的推移所发生的变化。【50题详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化和发展。副词actually在句中作状语，意为“实际上，事实上”，注意首字母需大写，故填Actually。【51题详解】考查动词。句意见上题解析。空处和动词meet并列，在句中作谓语，应用动词原形，communicate意为“交
72、流”，故填communicate。【52题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，英格兰人在大约公元450年到1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。动词speak和English之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填spoken。【点睛】C根据课文，在空白处填入适当的单词。Finally by the 19th century the language was _53_. At that time two big changes in English _54_ happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and lat
73、er Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The _55_ gave a separate identity to American English Spelling.【答案】53. settled 54. spelling 55. latter【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了19世界英语拼写的两个变化。【53题详解】考查形容词。句意：最后到19世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。此处考查形容词settled，在句中作表语，意为“稳定的”，故填settled。【54题详解】考查名
74、词。句意：当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大的变化：先是Samuel Johnson编写了他的英语词典，后是Noah Webster出版了美国英语词典。此处用名词作介词in的宾语，spelling意为“拼写”，故填spelling。【55题详解】考查固定短语。句意：后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性。the latter是固定短语，意为“后者”，在句中作主语，故填latter。【点睛】.短文改错（共10处错：每处1分，满分10分）56. 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词.删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉.修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每
75、处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I am sorry you are having trouble make friends. However, the situation will be easy to change if you take my advice. Here is some tips to help you.First, why not go and talk to people? I agree with that this is difficult at first, but if you do this, I am sure h
76、e will soon have a new friend. Second, you can begin a talk by asking about their likes and dislikes, because that is also the good way to find new friends. Finally, you should try to join a discussion. In that way you are letting people know what friendly you are. And it certainly provide you with
77、some new friend.I hope you will find these ideas usefully.【答案】1. makemaking 2. isare 3. 去掉with 4. heyou 5. thea 6. 在 join后加in 7. whathow 8. provideprovides 9. friendfriends10. usefullyuseful【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是关于如何交朋友的一些建议。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：我很遗憾你在交朋友方面遇到了困难。have trouble (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“在做某事方面有
78、困难”，此处应用动名词形式，故将make改为making。2.考查主谓一致。句意：这儿有一些建议可以帮助你。tips是可数名词复数，be动词应用are，故将is改为are。3.考查动词用法。句意：我同意，起初这很困难，但是如果你这样做，我肯定你很快就会有一个新朋友。agree在句中用作及物动词，后接宾语从句，agree with后常接sb.，意为“同意某人的意见”，不符合题意，故去掉with。4.考查代词。结合语境可知，此处指“你很快就会交到一个新朋友”，应用第二人称，故将he改为you。5.考查冠词，句意：第二，你可以通过问他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么来开始一段谈话，因为那是交新朋友的一个好方法
79、。way是可数名词，此处泛指“一个好方法”，应用不定冠词，good的首字母发音为辅音音素，冠词为a，the表示特指，不符合题意，故将the改为a。6.考查介词。句意：最后，你应该努力参加讨论。join in参加，是固定短语，常指参加某种活动，join指加入某个组织，此处应用join in，故在join后面加in。7. 考查宾语从句。句意：这样做可以让别人知道你有多友好。此处引导宾语从句，friendly是形容词，应用how引导，how+形容词+主语+谓语。故将what改为how。8.考查主谓一致。句意：它肯定会给你带来一些新朋友。句子是一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故将
80、provide改为provides。9.考查名词复数。friend是可数名词，根据some可知，此处应用复数形式，故将friend改为friends。10.考查形容词。句意：我希望你会觉得这些想法有用。此处是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词作宾语补足语，故将usefully改为useful。【点睛】.书面表达（满分15分）57. 书面表达假定你是李华。你的笔友晓东是某学校一名高一学生。最近他来信说不知道如何学好高中英语，感到苦恼。请你给他写一封回信，提出你的建议。建议内容如下:1 尽力用英语交流，不要怕犯错误。2 坚持每天早晚朗读英语。3 多读英文报纸，看英文电影。注意: 1 词
81、数100左右； 2 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Xiao Dong,_I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Xiao Dong,Im sorry you are having trouble in learning English in senior high school. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you
82、.Firstly, why not try to communicate with others in English? If you do so, you will feel confident gradually. Also, dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes. Secondly, you should keep on reading aloud English sentences every morning and evening. That way, youll learn many im
83、portant expressions. Thirdly, it would be a good idea if you read more English newspapers and watch English movies.I hope youll find these ideas useful.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。本篇要求考生以李华的名义给笔友晓东写信，向他提出学好英语的建议。【详解】体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主结构：总分总 要求：1 尽力用英语交流，不要怕犯错误。2 坚持每天早晚朗读英语。3 多读英文报纸，看英文电影。第二
84、步：列提纲（重点词组）have trouble in doing sth.; take ones advice; tip; communicate with sb.; make mistakes; keep on doing sth.第三步：连词成句1.Knowing that you are having trouble in learning English in senior high school, I feel worried and I am willing to give you some advice on how to study it well.2.Firstly, you
85、 can communicate with others in English, by doing which you will feel confident gradually. 3.Also, dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes. 4.Secondly, you should keep on reading aloud English every morning and evening, through which youll learn many important expressions.
86、5.Thirdly, it would be a good idea if you read more English newspapers and watch English movies.6.I hope youll find these ideas useful.第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice.中使用if引导条件状语从句；Also, dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.中使用because引导原因状语从句。
