1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英定时系列训练题（2）及答案 【湖南省株洲市二中2013二模】CResearchers at Washington University School of Medicine in ST. Louis have identified a gene that is required for proper development of the mouse ear, providing clues to deafness.In humans, this gene is known as FGF20. “When we inactivated(阻止活动) FGF20, we
2、saw they were alive and healthy,” says senior author David M. Ornitz, Professor of Developmental Biology. “But then we figured out that they had absolutely no ability to hear.”The results show that disabling the gene causes a loss of outer hair cell, a special type of sensory cell in the ear respons
3、ible for amplifying(扩大) sound. While about two-thirds of the outer hair cells were missing in mice without FGF20, the number of inner hair cells, the cells responsible for transmitting the amplified signals to the brain, appeared normal.“This is the first evidence that inner and outer hair cells dev
4、elop independently of one another,” says first author Sung-Ho, PhD, research associate. “This is important because most age-related deafness and hearing loss caused by noise are due to the loss of outer hair cells.”As such, Ornitz and Huh believe that FGF20 signaling will be a required step toward t
5、he goal of regenerating outer hair cells in mammals, incapable of hearing restoration.The FGF20 gene stands for one member of a family of proteins known as fibroblast (纤维组织母细胞) growth factors. In general, members of this family are known to play important and broad roles in embryonic(胚胎的) developmen
6、t, tissue maintenance and wound healing.Ornitz and his colleagues found that FGF20 signaling must occur on or before day 14 of the embryos development to produce a normal inner ear. Even if FGF20 signaling occurred on day 15 or later, the inner ear still did not develop properly. “In mice, the cells
7、 that can become outer hair cells must be exposed to the FGF20 protein at an early stage,” Ornitz says. “After embryonic day 14, it doesnt matter if they see the protein. Its too later for them to become outer hair cells.” 66. After FGF20 was inactivated in mice, they _.A. were not able to walk any
8、moreB. didnt appear abnormal immediately C. died without any symptoms soonD. saw an increase of outer hair cells67. According to the study, inner hair cells _. A. are not affected by the absence of FGF20B. are responsible for regenerating soundC. will be missing if there isnt FGF20D. have only been
9、found in mice so far.68. The underlined word “regenerating” in Para. 5 can be replaced by“_”A. reducing B. fighting B. preventing D. reproducing69. What can we learn from the passage?A. Mammals are capable of restoring hearing themselves.B. Age-related deafness may be cured with FGF20 signaling.C. M
10、ost deafness among people is caused by the loss of inner hair cells.D. To generate outer hair cells, cells must meet the FGF20 protein on day 14.70. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why people become deaf. B. How to cure deafness.C. A new discovery about the gene PGF20. D. How the ear works.【参考答案
11、】66-70 BADBC阅读理解Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many North Americans interact (互动) these days. The term is “networked individualism”. This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How ca
12、n we be individuals (个体) and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail, our social networks included live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and friends. Some of the interaction was by
13、phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to- person interaction. However, a lot of people intervie
14、wed for the Pew study say thats a good thing. Why?In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated (孤立) us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true. The Internet connects us with more real peop
15、le than expected helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions.Thanks to the computer, we are able to be alon
16、e and together with other people at the same time!60. The underlined phrase “networked individualism” probably means that by using computers people _. A. stick to their own ways no matter what other people say B. have the rights and freedom to do things of their own interest C. do things in their ow
17、n ways and express opinions different from other people D. are able to keep to themselves but at the same time reach out to other people61. According to the Pew study, what do many people rely on to make major life decisions? A. Networks.B. Friends.C. Phones.D. Parents.62. It can be inferred from th
18、e Pew study that _. A. people have been separated from each other by using computers B. the Internet makes people waste a lot of time and feel very lonely C. the Internet has become a tool for a new kind of social communication D. a lot of people regard the person-to-person communication as a good t
19、hing63. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Were Alone on the Internet. B. Were Communicating on the Internet. C. Were Alone Together on the Internet. D. Were in the Imaginary World of the Internet.2答案 60.D 61.A 62.C 63.C (第*篇)People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid be
20、ing beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger c
21、ompetitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how
22、they maintain this precise size separation.”The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evict
23、ed_fish_is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the su
24、bordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group
25、. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationshi
26、ps between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of
27、 food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”语篇解读人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼
28、类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。5When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it_.A. faces danger B. has breeding rightsC. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself解析推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。答案A6The underli
29、ned words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _.A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found outC. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away解析猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。答案D7The experiment showed that the smaller fish_.A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willi
30、nglyC. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish解析事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。答案B8What is the text mainly about?A. Fish dieting and human dieting.B. Dieting and health.C. Human dieting.D. Fish dieting.解析主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。答案DThroughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativi
31、ty has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times throug
32、h the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a ha
33、lf before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the l
34、atest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionist
35、s saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands o
36、f years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. 72. Leslies paintings are extraor
37、dinary because . A. they are close in style to works in ancient times B. they look like works by 19th-century painters C. they draw attention to common things in life D. they depend heavily on color photography 73. What is the authors opinion of artistic reality? A. It will not be found in future wo
38、rks of art. B. It does not have a long-lasting standard. C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form. D. It is lacking in modern works of art. 74. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph? A. They express peoples curiosity about the past. B. They make people interested in ev
39、eryday experience. C. They are considered important for variety in form. D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation. 75. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. History of the arts. B. Basic questions of the arts. C. New developments in the arts. D. Use of modern tec
40、hnology in the arts. 3答案 72.C 73.B 74.D 75.B【湖南省宁乡县横市镇铁冲中学2013一模】ADo you have any skiing equipment you no longer need? A ski school in the far north of India could put it to good use.In March we published a photo story about the extraordinary Zsnskar region in northern India，which is cut off from th
41、e outside world for more than seven months of the year，and only accessible via a frozen riverWe also included information about the limited use of skiing in the region and the recent creation of the Zanskar Ski School:“Despite the difficulties of travelling through the region when the snow comes，ski
42、ing hasnt traditionally been used as a means of transport by the locals，largely because trees dont grow here, so there is little in the way of raw materials from which to make skisIn 1995, a group of British scientists in the region noticed the lack of skis and one of them returned to set up the Zan
43、skar Ski School in PadamThe school provides lessons for a small fee and rents skis to the local people. Among the benefits that the school hopes to bring are improved education children often find it difficult to get to school through the deep snow and the possibility of offering ski tours to touris
44、ts in the futureSo far，more than 300 local people have received training，and local doctors and policemen regularly borrow skis.”But what we werent able to include in the article is that the ski school is always on the look out for old skiing equipment particularly of a size suitable for children and
45、, I thought. Now the European ski season is drawing to a close，there might be a few of you out there who have some old equipment youd like to see go to a good homeIf thats the ease you can get in touch with the school via their website www.zanskarski school.org.56. Whats the purpose in writing the t
46、ext?A. To ask people to give away their skis to the school.B. To attract more tourists to the area.C. To appeal to more locals to attend the school.D. To raise money to develop this area.57. The local people dont use skiing to go about because .A. it is against the local custom B. trees are in the w
47、ay of the skiing routeC. they dont have the wood to make skisD. it is dangerous to go skiing in this region58. The Zanskar Ski School .A. has donated money to the local communityB. makes it easier for the students to attend schoolC. provides special training to the touristsD. has borrowed many skis
48、from Europe59. Who would be the most helpful to the school now?A. Locals in Zanskar regionB. Students in the Zanskar Ski SchoolC. People having old skiing equipment D. Tavellers enjoying skiing60. What can be the best title for the text?A. An extraordinary region in India. B. A popular sport-skiing.C. A good means of transport. D. A home for old skis.【参考答案】56-60. ACBCD
