1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（110）及答案阅读理解-Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so muc
2、h money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? Afte
3、r all, its the consumer who paysThe poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is
4、to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted t
5、o buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And wha
6、t fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful,
7、witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of r
8、evenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which are in virtually ever
9、y newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispat
10、ch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!1.What is main idea of this passage?A. Advertisement
11、. B. The benefits of advertisement.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. The costs of advertisement.2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers isA. appreciative.B. trustworthy.C. critical.D. dissatisfactory.3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?A. Because advertisers of
12、ten brag.B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.D. Because customers pay more.4.Which of the following is Not True?A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.B. We can buy what we
13、want.C. Good quality products dont need to be advertised.D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.5.The passage is A. Narration.B. Description.C. Criticism.D. Argumentation.Vocabularycome in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得flair 天资，天分iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的drab 单调的，乏味的subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去hatch 孵化（指生孩子
14、）match 匹配，婚姻dispatch 派遣，发送agony 极大痛苦，煎熬agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏难句译注Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism.【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.【参考译文】他们的批评者
15、似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature.【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。Its the best advertisement for advertising there is.【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批
16、评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。答案详解1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广
17、告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。2.A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。3.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费
18、者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。阅读理解-CJust seven years ago, the Ja
19、rvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clarkalive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pumpconvinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadnt. After monitoring production
20、of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectiv
21、ely banning (禁止) the device.The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it wont end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new dev
22、ices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patients chest. The first sample products arent expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that theyll work-and that Americas overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5
23、 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nations health.11. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _.A. a technical failure B. a
24、technical wonder C. a good life-saver D. an effective means to treat heart disease12. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _.A. has been banned by the government from producing artificial heartsB. will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new modelsC. may continue to work o
25、n new models of reliable artificial heartsD. can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years13. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _.A. to have a working life of 10 or 20 years B. to be set fully in the patients chestC. to be equipped with an external
26、 power source D. to create a new passage for infection14. The word them in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _.A. doctors who treat heart diseases B. makers of artificial heartsC. Americas health-care programs D. new models of artificial hearts15. Some people feel that _.A. artificial hearts are seldom effe
27、ctiveB. the country should not spend so much money on artificial heartsC. the country is not spending enough money on artificial heartsD. Americas health-care programs are not doing enough for the nations health【参考答案】1115、ACBDB 阅读理解-DPresident Coolidges statement,“The business of America is business
28、,”still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly b
29、ased on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American valu
30、es such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoreticall
31、y, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business,
32、which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competit
33、ion is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class
34、background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege(待遇). 16. The statement “The busin
35、ess of America is business” probably means “ _”.A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government C. Business is of primary concern to Americans D. America is a great power in world business 17. Americans belie
36、ve that they can realize their personal values only _. A. when given equality of opportunity C. by protecting their individual freedom B. through doing business D. by way of competition 18. Who can benefit from business competition?A. Honest businessmen. B. Both businessmen and their customers. C. P
37、eople with ideas of equality and freedom. D. Both business institutions and government.19. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by_. A. its absolute control of power B. its function in preserving personal freedom C. its role in protecting basi
38、c American values D. its democratic way of exercising leadership 20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _. A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on ones social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 【参考答案】1620、CDBAB
