1、2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练（19）及答案阅读理解-(2013海口市调研，D)Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that dont allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total c
2、alories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.Dont have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You wont get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you
3、ll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they cant control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, th
4、eir exercise and food intake (摄入)People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesnt lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so t
5、hey arent any happier.Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calorie
6、s are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a persons health.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。12The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DONT include _.Athey think their trouble comes from their weightBthey have a strict parentCother peoples praise when they los
7、e some weightDthere is something they cant control except food intake答案：B细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，A、C、D三项均是人们减肥的原因。B项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选B。13The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to _.Aa fat free diet Ba special dietCeating too much Deating too little答案：D指代判断题。根据画线短语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but
8、”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选D。14Which of the following statements is TRUE?AA person needs about 800 calories each day.BA person who doesnt eat bread is unhealthy.CAn improper diet may cause eating disorder.DFat takes up the most part of calories inside body.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第一
9、句中的“like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故B项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，D项表述错误。故答案选C。15According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should _.Aavoid eating some food that can lead to being fatBcontrol their eating amount and timesChave
10、 a healthy and balanced dietDthrow up some of what they eat答案：C推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选C。阅读理解-CWere so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical. The only thing weve mastered is consumption.Large numbers of students have entere
11、d higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated generation in history, it seems that weve grown increasingly ignorant when it comes to basic life skills. Looking back on my first couple of weeks of living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. Unfam
12、iliar to freshers, there are many hidden dangers in the dirty corners of students accommodation.I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentati
13、on, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic (居家的) skills I missed out in my modem education.In 2006 and 2010, the charming educationist Sir Ken Robinson gave two very amusing talks in which he discussed the importance of creativity in education. Robinsons main viewpoint is that our curr
14、ent education system dislocates people from their natural talents. I would like to go a step further and propose that besides our talents, the system takes away what used to be passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.Todays graduates may have earned themselves h
15、onor in history, law or economies, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.Since the invention of the internet, it has never been easier
16、for people to access information, but our highly specialized education has made us more one sided than ever.I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education, before the current lack leads to serious accidents in student halls
17、.36People call us useless students for the reason that .Awhat weve learned is beyond consumptionBwe are educated generationCweve entered higher educationDour living skills are so poor【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Were so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical.被
18、称为无用的学生是因为我们失去做事的能力，也是就是学生的生活技能是不好的，故选D。37Which is NOT the incidents the writer had during the first few weeks in student halls?AHe was seriously burnt by boiled eggs.BHe was accidentally poisoned by food.CHe damaged his clothes while ironing.DHe was severely beaten by freshers. 【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据I h
19、ave survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation,他经历了煮鸡蛋被烫伤，食物中毒还有衣服熨坏了等，只有选项D他被新生打了一顿没有提及，故选D。38According to Robinsons opinion, our current educ
20、ation .Afocuses on the importance if creativityBdislocates people from their natural talentsChas equipped students with basic life skillsDhas followed the tradition properly【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Robinsons main viewpoint is that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents.根据R
21、obinson的观点我们目前的教育阻止了人的天赋的发挥，故选B。39Why are the graduates poor at basic life skills?ABecause they are not interested in them.BBecause they have little relevant practice.CBecause they are affected by internet.DBecause they are easy to be one-sided.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据the system takes away what used to be
22、passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.这种教育制度使他们有更少的切实的实践，故选B。40The main purpose of writing the passage is that .Athere is no need to introduce “domestic science”Bits time we did something to current educationCmore attention should be paid to natural scienceDac
23、cidents should be prevented in student halls【答案】B【解析】作者意图题。根据I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education,到了我们采取措施解决目前的教育情况的时候了。阅读理解-C(2013哈尔滨市质检，C)Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research tha
24、t finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initialsthe “nameletter effect”can have some negative consequences.Students whose names begin w
25、ith C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using
26、 information from thousands of individuals.“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get As，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in
27、the other direction.”The researchers work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found tha
28、t people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to pos
29、itive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.文章大意：本文为一篇议论
30、文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。9The new research is mainly about the relationship between ones _.Aname and unconsciousness Bname and characteristicsCname and success Dsports and school achievements答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“. new research that finds your name can nega
31、tively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。10Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？AMiss Smith working as a lawyer.BMr. Watt living in Washington.CCharles Brown married to Sue Rogers.DPaula Snow fond of the color white.答案
32、：B推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“. nameletter effect causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。11The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” _.Aisnt belie
33、ved in by many peopleBdoesnt work with certain namesCdoes not really existDis often too little to show答案：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。阅读理解-DSince the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijin
34、g saw only five days without smog. The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scare
35、d people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere. Smog especially is a common concern. Like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your inco
36、me or vocation. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else. At a meeting on Monday, many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked
37、about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? Its for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely no
38、t a better life, he said. China needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. Every Chinese wants a strong country. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on
39、Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth. What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. President Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and b
40、uild a beautiful China. The words have shown the central governments resolution to address the environment issue. 41The effect of smog doesnt include .Athe rising of PM 2.5 readingsBmore people suffering diseasesCthe increase of peoples incomeDpatients increased in hospital【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据The risin
41、g PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.烟雾引起PM的指数的增加，人们患病的人增多因而医院的病人增多，人们的收入的增加并不是由于烟雾的影响，故选C。42Why smog has become a common concern?ABecause people
42、have to pay higher prices.BBecause nobody can avoid it.CBecause we have to develop industry.DBecause a popular online-post discussed it.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Smog especially is a common concern.及they breathe the same air as everyone else. 因为每一个都需呼吸有烟雾是任何人都避免不了的事情，故选B。43To make China stronger we have to d
43、evelop economy, but .Awe have to sacrifice air as the priceBthe dirty air is not what we wantCecological progress can be ignoredDthe smog is the only byproduct【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China.我们为了发展经济使中国变得更加强大，但是不能牺牲我们的空气的质量，故选B。44The underlined word “they” in p
44、aragraph 6 refers to .Ahuman beingsBother plantsCspace technologiesDindustrial development【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.这里用代词代替前面出现的名词human beings，故选A。45From the last two paragraphs we can infer that .Ahigh-tech can
45、completely solve the problem of pollutionBspace technologies should be developed in a large scaleCwe can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyedDwe must protect the environment while developing economy【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据The words have shown the central governments resolution to address the environment issue. 当发展经济的时候我们要保护环境，故选D。
