1、2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品练习题（18）及答案第节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（ A ）From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have
2、the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created：the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.You cannot be succ
3、essful without first developing your self-confidence. Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility
4、 for their lives. They are mere victims. They are leaves tossed（摇摆）by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think th
5、at everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that on
6、e expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturin
7、g the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.41. People with low self-confi
8、dence are compared to leaves because they_.A. are ready to change their mindsB. are easily affected by windy weatherC. dont have the power to face their fateD. cant control themselves in life42. Losers would think that _.A. success is the result of hard workB. working hard will lead to successC. the
9、ir failure is only because of bad luckD. they dont make efforts to succeed43. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that _.A. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudesB. developing confidence is the key to future successC. thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mindD. setting our expec
10、tations is essential before taking action44. The last paragraph serves as _.A. the proof of the authors pointsB. the conclusion of the argumentC. an introduction to another topicD. a comparison between two views45. Which is the best title for the text? _.A. Success is a choiceB. The secrets of succe
11、ssC. Develop our confidenceD. How to achieve success41. D. 文中三四段: 原文的who do not believe that they have any power是指他们没有掌控自己命运的能力, 不是没有面对命运的能力.42. C.43. A. 原文第五段末句说 “成功依赖于信心的程度”, 也就是人的态度. 信心对于成功很重要而不是 “培养信心”很重要.44. B.45. A. 原文第二段的Success is a choice and not a chance.是全文的论点. 此文并没有介绍成功的具体过程或方法.阅读理解-DThe
12、 income gap between Chinas rural and urban residents（居民） has continued to widen during the past few years in spite of rapidly rising rural incomes, Agricultural Minister Sun Zhengcai said here on Wednesday The income ratio（比率） between urban and rural residents was 328:1 in 2006, against 323:1 in 200
13、3, said Sun in his report on the promotion of building a new countryside in 2007Sun also said the net income of rural residents in different regions also varied widelyThe income gap is only one of several problems in rural areas, according to Suns reportWhile listing the achievements in rural areas
14、in recent years, Sun believed that rural development still followed behind urban development We have bigger pressure to ensure the supply of major agricultural products such as grain, he saidChinas urbanization（都市化） has been speeded up and more rural residents have gone to urban areas, he said In th
15、is case, more agricultural producers become farm produce consumers, which created more pressure for supply, he said Another problem facing Chinas agricultural development is inadequate application of science and technology Only 30 percent of scientific and technological achievements have been applie
16、d to agricultural production, which is 40 percentage points lower than developed countries, he said Despite increased government spending in rural areas, the infrastructure（基础下部组织） is still poor and easily hit by disasters According to Sun, the government spent 4318 billion yuan （$5915 billion） on a
17、griculture, rural areas and farmers this year, an increase of 801 billion yuan over the previous year China set aside 1138 billion yuan to promote a new rural cooperative medical care system and 2798 billion yuan to support the new compulsory education mechanism in rural area to ensure that all citi
18、zens shared the fruits of Chinas reform and opening-up, Sun said68Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? ABecause of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the income gap between Chinas rural and urban residents will disappear this year BThe net income of rural residents in different regio
19、ns is the same CThe government has taken measures to develop the economy in the rural areas DBecause of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the supply of major agricultural products is enough69Can you infer the meaning of the underlined words in paragraph 5? Abe made full use of Bbe made little use of
20、 Cbe not made full use of Dbe made good use of70How much is spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers the previous year? A4318 billion yuan B5119 billion yuan C3517 billion yuan D801 billion yuan71Which is NOT the problem in rural areas? AThe income gap BThe inadequate application of science and
21、 technology CThe supply of major agricultural products DChinas urbanization 68C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到了政府对农村的投入，可知政府采取了措施来发展乡村经济。69C【解析】细节题。由接下来提到应用的比率及这个比率与发达国家的比较，可知应用得并不充分，但也不是只有一点儿。70C 【解析】细节题。今年是4318，比去年增长了801，那么去年应当是这两个数的差，即3517。71D【解析】细节题。D当中提到的中国的城市化引起了农村人口的流动，这是引起农村问题的原因，不是问题本身。1.（全国新课标）DWanted
22、, Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100FM. Youll work on the stations music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.Father
23、ChristmasWere looking for a very special person preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:3016:00Excellent pay.Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Center, Stat
24、ion Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants Assistant When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This
25、position is equally suitable for a school leaver of for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experie
26、nce in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.67. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio
27、station?A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. B. Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre D. Wealden District Council.68. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who _.A. is aged between 24 and 40 B. may do some training work C. should deal with
28、 general duties D. can work for about a month69. which position is open to recent school graduates?A. Producer,London Kiss.B.Father Christmas.C. Accountants AssistantD.Software Trainer70.What kind of person would probably apply to Palmace Limited?A.One with GCSE grade C level.B. One with some office
29、 experience.C. One having good computer knowledgeD. One trained in producing music programmes.【参考答案】67.A 68.D 69.C 70.C阅读理解-EMass transportation revised the social and economic fabric（结构） of the American city in three fundamental waysIt catalyzed（加速） physical expansion, it sorted out people and land
30、 uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban lifeBy opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in
31、the premodern eraIn 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten milesNow those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and en
32、tertainmentThe new accessibility of land around the periphery（周围） of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawlBetween 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, m
33、ost of them located in outlying areasOver the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan areaAnxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thi
34、rty years lots that could have housed five to six million peopleOf course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other citiesThese excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportatio
35、n: urban sprawl（建筑物无计划延伸） was essentially unplannedIt was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land usersThose who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines
36、 and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to itChicago is a prime example of this processReal estate subdivision （再划分小区）there proceeded much faster than population growth72With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?ATypes
37、of mass transportationBInstability of urban lifeCHow supply and demand determine land useDThe effect of mass transportation on urban expansion73Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?ATo demonstrate positive and negative effects of growthBTo exemplify cities with and without mass transp
38、ortationCTo show mass transportation changed many citiesDTo contrast their rate of growth74According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?AIt was expensiveBIt happened too slowlyCIt was unplannedDIt created a demand for public transportation75The author mentions Chicago
39、 in the second paragraph as an example of a city,Athat is largeBthat is used as a model for land developmentCwhere the development of land exceeded population growthDwith an excellent mass transportation system参考答案72D 【解析】主旨大意题。公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化
40、。A公共交通运输类型。 B 城市生活的不稳定性。 C 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。73C 【解析】细节题。说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”A表示成长的正反
41、两方面效果。B 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 D 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。74C【解析】细节题。没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”A太贵 和 B太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”75C【解析】细节题。（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”A 城市大。B 用作土地开发的样板。D 具有优越的公共的交通系统。
