1、Section Using language&Developing ideas.核心单词1_ v.减少2_ v.宣布，宣称3_ v.责怪，指责；把归咎于4_ n.山羊5_ adv.遍及全世界6_ adj.巨大的，特大的7_ n.根8_ v.把联系起来；连接declinedeclare blamegoat worldwidegiantrootlink.拓展单词1_ n.特征，特性_ n.品质，性格，特点_ v.是的特征；以为典型2_ n.神话_ adj.神话的，虚无的3_ n.传说，传奇(故事)_ 传说中的，名扬四海的4_ v.发现，察觉_ n.侦探，警探，私人侦探_ n.探测器，侦察器，检测器
2、5_ n.厘米_ n.米_ 毫米6_ n.真菌_ adj.真菌的characteristiccharactercharacterizemythmythicallegendlegendarydetectdetective detectorcentimetremetremillimetrefungusfungal.重点短语1_ 对进行研究2_ 最后3_ 把某事归咎于4_ 单独地，孤立地5_ 尤其，特别是6_ 击退，抵挡7_ 源于的，原产于8_ 是的栖息地/家乡9_ 相比之下；与之相比10_ 又，和，也11_ 赶跑，使离去12_ 更令人吃惊的是do research onin the endblam
3、e sth.on.in isolationin particular fight off be native to be home to.by contrast as well asdrive awaymore surprisingly.重点句型1Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because _.格雷戈尔孟德尔选择研究豌豆植株是因为它们的特征易于控制。2Alexander the Great and Marco Polo _ such a tree in India.据说，亚历山大大帝和马可波罗曾在印度拜访过这样一棵树。their charac
4、teristics were easy to controlwere said to have visited根据课文内容选择正确答案1What do the plants use to communicate with each other according ot the text?AThey use their chemicals to communicate with each other.BThey each have a mouth to communicate with each other.CThey have no way to communicate with each o
5、ther.DThey use their leaves to communicate with each other.A2Plants also use _ to make sounds/noises.They also“listen”to the noises from other plants.Aleaves BrootsCstems DbranchesB3To our great surpise,in a forest,plants have an amazing system of communication that link nearly every plant.What do s
6、cientists call this system?AInternet Web BWood Wide WebCPlant Wide Web DWorld Wide WebB第一版块|重点词汇诠释1decline vi.&n.减少，下降，衰退 vt.&vi.婉言拒绝，谢绝(1)decline by.下降了(后常接分数或百分数)decline to.下降到(后常接具体数字)decline in.在方面衰弱/减少(2)fall/go into(a)decline 开始衰落in decline/on the decline 在下降，正在衰退，走下坡路(3)decline to do sth.谢绝做某
7、事The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10%last year.去年到这个旅游胜地的游客人数减少了10%。The libraries are not declining in importancepeople are simply changing the way to use them.图书馆的重要性并没有下降，人们只是改变了使用图书馆的方式。The town fell into(a)decline after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。His interest in computer games
8、 is now in decline.现在他对电脑游戏的兴趣在减退。Once paper-cutting was on the decline due to the introduction of new art forms.剪纸一度因为新艺术形式的引入而衰落。He declined to discuss his plan.他拒绝讨论他的计划。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)With all doctors efforts,the total number of patients has been _ the decline,and now many mobile cabin hospi
9、tals(方舱医院)have been shut down.(2)He is still one of the worlds most popular golfers,but his game is _ decline.(3)Even chimp(黑猩猩)mothers regularly decline _(share)food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food.oninto share(4)Government spending this year is estimated
10、to decline _ approximately 2%.(5)雨连续下了几天，河水已经上涨了30厘米。The rain has lasted for several days and the river _ 30 centimeters.(6)如果经理进行裁员，员工的数量可能降到20名。The number of employees may _ twenty if the manager makes a job cut.byhas risen by/has increased by/has gone up bydrop to/decline to/decrease to/fall to/g
11、o down to联想拓展：(1)常见的表示“增加”的词语：rise,increase,go up；(2)常见的表示“减少”的词语：fall,drop,decrease,decline,go down；(3)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度时常用介词by，表示“增加”或“减少”的结果时常用介词to。2.declare vt.宣布，公布；宣称，声称(1)declare war on.向宣战(2)declare for/against.声明支持/反对(3)declare(that).声称/宣判(4)declare oneself 表明身份，发表意见(5)declaration n.宣告，公告，宣布De
12、claration of Independence 独立宣言The courageous citizens have declared war on the deadly disease.英勇的市民已经向致命的疾病宣战。Our government declared for this plan.我们的政府声明支持这项计划。She declared herself extremely hurt by her lack of support.她说自己非常伤心，因为她没有得到支持。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)The number of children was expected to increas
13、e rapidly after _(declare)of two-child policy,but it didnt.(2)Do you know when Britain declared war _ Germany during the Second World War?(3)Its likely that he will declare _ the proposal,because he thinks it will threaten his interests.(4)She declared _(her)in favour of the proposal.declarationon a
14、gainstherself易混辨析：declare指“公布、宣布、表明、宣称”，一般指在正式场合宣布官方立场或态度(如宣布战争、和平、中立等)announce 指“宣布、宣告、(通过广播)通知”，泛指宣布某一消息，或预示着某事的到来3.blame vt.责怪，指责，把归咎于(1)blame.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事责怪(2)blame.on sb./sth.把归咎于某人/某事(3)be to blame for(doing)sth.因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)Dont blame him for breaking that vase
15、;after all,he is a child.别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。The woman passenger and the bus driver are to blame for the serious accident.女乘客和公共汽车司机都应对这次严重事故负责。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)Some people blame the smartphone _ the tragedy,yet in fact peo
16、ples weakening self-control and self-discipline are _(blame)(2)_(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.for to blameBlamed巧学助记：He was blamed for the serious mistake,but he blamed it on others.In fact,it is he,not others,that is to blame for it.他因这个严重错误受到了责备，但
17、他把它归咎于别人。事实上，是他，而不是别人，对此负有责任。4.fight off 抵抗，击退(1)fight against.与作斗争，抵抗(2)fight for.为而斗争(3)fight back 回击；克制Did your husband manage to fight off his cold after taking medicine?你丈夫服药后成功治好感冒了吗？If the enemy dare enter our country,we will fight against them to the end.如果敌军胆敢进入我国，我们就和他们战斗到底。The Chinese Wom
18、ens Volleyball Team not only fought for the glory of the motherland,but also showed good sportsmanship.中国女排不但为祖国荣誉斗争，而且展现出了良好的体育精神。I stood there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight backtears.我站在那里，喉咙哽咽，拼命想止住泪水。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)I guess the answer is,we were fighting _ survival,protecting and pro
19、viding for those we loved.(2)In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight _.(3)They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government t
20、o take measures to fight _ it.(4)People with strong immune systems are better able to fight _ infection.forbackagainst off巧学助记：All the doctors and nurses are fighting against the virus for the heath of human and we are convinced that it will be fought off sooner or later.所有的医生和护士都在为人类的健康与病毒作斗争，我们相信它
21、迟早会被消灭的。5as well as 也；和一样；不但而且(1)连接并列成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词短语等，意为“和，也；不但而且，既又”。强调的是as well as前的成分。(2)意为“除了还”，相当于besides,in addition to,apart from。后面通常接名词或v.-ing形式，尤其是当其位于句首时。(3)表示同级比较，意为“和一样好”，此时well是副词。The weather in England is very changeable and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.英格兰的天气变化无
22、常，这不仅吸引了英国人，也吸引了外国人。As well as watching films,I love reading and listening to music.除了看电影，我还喜欢读书和听音乐。John speaks English as well as,if not better than,David.约翰讲英语如果不比大卫好，也是和他一样好。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)As well as _(repair)the roof,we also need to paint the walls.(2)His children as well as his wife _(invite)to
23、 the party last night.(3)During the festival,I had great fun staying with my family,helping them with the routine housework as well as _(visit)friends and relatives.(4)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.repairingwere invitedvisiti
24、ngis regarded特别提示：(1)as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。有类似用法的词(短语)还有along with,together with,rather than,with,but,except等。It is said that the famous cyclist as well as his parents is to visit our city next week.据说那个著名的自行车运动员和他的父母下周要来参观我们城市。(2)as well as在意义上通常强调前者，而“not only.but al
25、so.”在意义上强调后者。He had a good time near the seaside,enjoying the beautiful scenery as well as the delicious seafood.He had a good time near the seaside,enjoying not only the delicious seafood but also the beautiful scenery.他在海边度过了一段美好的时光，吃着美味的海鲜，又欣赏着美丽的风景。6.link vt.把连接起来；联系 n.联系，关系，纽带(1)be linked with/
26、to.同联系起来，连接起来；与有关(2)link up(with sb./sth.)(与某人/某物)连接起来，联系起来(3)a link between.and.和之间的联系A long bridge links Venice and the mainland.一座长桥把威尼斯和大陆连接了起来。Yellow is linked with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.黄色与自信、自尊和友好相关。The train links up with the ferry at Dover.这辆列车与多佛尔的渡船联运。Is there a link be
27、tween smoking and lung disease?吸烟和肺病之间有联系吗？即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)I can hardly link the small animal _ the accident.(2)The two spacecraft will _ one another in orbit.这两架航天器将在轨道上对接。(3)The two cities _ by a railway.这两座城市将被一条铁路连接起来。with/to link up withwill be linked巧学助记：Theres a direct link between diet an
28、d heart disease,which links up a hospital.饮食和心脏病之间有直接联系，而这种疾病又与医院联系了起来。第二版块|重点句型解构1.(教材P53)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔孟德尔选择研究豌豆植株是因为它们的特征易于控制。本句画线部分句型是“主语beadj.(for sb.)不定式”此句型中：(1)形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impo
29、rtant,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,heavy等。(2)不定式中的动词和句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。若不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。The book is interesting to read.这本书读起来很有意思。The room is comfortable to live in.这间房子住起来很舒服。This question is hard for me to answer.这个
30、问题对我来说难以回答。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)It was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult _(finish)(2)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard _(find)(3)Credibility is hard _(earn)but
31、 easy _(lose),and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.to finishto findto earn to lose特别提示：本句型是高考常考句型之一，常考查不定式与句子主语之间的关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。2.(教材P56)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.据说，亚历山大大帝和马可波罗曾在印度拜访过这样一棵树。本句中用的是“主语be said不定式”句型。(
32、1)该句型意为“据说”。其中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：主语 be saidto do 常表示一般情况或动作将要发生to be doing 表示动作正在进行to have done 表示动作已完成to be done 表示被动且动作将要发生The book written by Lily is said to win the Nobel Prize.人们说莉莉写的这本书将会获得诺贝尔奖。With his teachers help,John is said to be studying in the university.据说在他老师的帮助下约翰正在大学里读书。(2)该句型可与“It
33、ssaidthat.”互换。据说她能讲几种外语。She is said to speak several foreign languages.It is said that she speaks several foreign languages.即学即练 一句多译据说，近来他一直在医院照顾他的妻子。_It is said that he is looking after his wife in the hospital recently.He is said to be looking after his wife in the hospital recently.发散思维：常用于该句型的过
34、去分词还有thought,believed,considered,hoped,reported等。Chinese is believed to be spread even more widely in the world in the future.人们相信汉语将来会在世界上传播得更加广泛。All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.据报道，学生们提供的所有图书前几天都被送到了农村的孩子们手中。.单词拼
35、写1_(特征)of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.2His books have sold more than 20 million copies _(遍及全世界)3This is the most _(令人信服的)evidence that I can find to prove my point.4The pandas natural _(栖息地)is the bamboo.5In the Xia Dynasty,China had gradually entered the slave s
36、ociety from the _(原始的，低等的)society.A characteristic worldwide convincinghabitatprimitive6You should not _(责备)others for what is your own fault.7When they got to Beijing,they put down _(根)and built a life.8That murder was a mystery for a long time,but a clever _(侦探)cleared it up.9There is a famous Gre
37、ek _(神话)in which Icarus flew too near to the sun.10A survey of the British diet has _(显示)that a growing number of people are overweight.blamerootsdetective mythrevealed11There are many wonderful _(传说)about this famous hero.12Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 _(厘米)to 14 metres.13The cold we
38、ather may account for the _(减少)in the flow of customers in the shopping mall.legendscentimetresdecline.单句语法填空1We are doing a weekly poll on the president,and clearly his popularity _(decline)2She says the introduction of the plants and animals not native _ Hawaii is the main reason for the extinctio
39、n.3I have been _(convince)that the print media are usually more accurate and more reliable than televisions.4There was snow everywhere,so the shape of things was difficult _(identify)5Joe is proud and stubborn,never _(admit)he is wrong and always looking for someone else _(blame)has declined toconvi
40、nced to identifyadmitting to blame6The _(declare)of Independence was adopted by Congress on 4 July,1776.7There has been a decline _ the size of a family these years and now most families are composed of only three to four people.8The tigers are native _ India and China introduced them later.Declarat
41、ioninto.课文语法填空Scientists are learning the secret ways in which plants“talk”to each other.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals 1._(communicate)with each other.When 2._(attack)by insects,the plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 3._(eat).This is like 4._ warning.When anoth
42、er plant detects the chemicals,it starts to release 5._(it)own,different chemicals.Some chemicals drive insects away.More 6._(surprise),plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water,7._(indicate)drought is
43、 arriving.to communicateattackedare being eatenaitssurprisinglyindicatingMost surprisingly of all,plants have an 8._(amaze)system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.It is called“wood wide web”,9._ is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.Using the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food 10._ each other.amazingwhichwith
