1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationGrammar语法精讲探究学习条件状语从句和让步状语从句【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空。I can tell you the truth _ you promise to keep a secret._ you are reliable,you should make a promise.ifAlthough【要义详析】一、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句,一般置于句首或句末。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导:if(如果,假如),unless(除非),as(s
2、o)long as(只要),suppose/supposing(that)(假设),in case(假如,万一),on condition(that)(条件是,只要)等。*Well come over to see you on Wednesday if we have time.如果有空,我们星期三来看你。*You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不开太快。*Ill come on condition that John is invited too.如果约翰也受到邀请,
3、我就来。*Take an umbrella with you in case there is rain this afternoon.随身带着把伞吧,以防今天下午下雨。*Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假设他们拒绝了我们,我们还能去找谁帮忙呢?【知识延伸】(1)in case作连词短语,可引导两种从句。引导目的状语从句作“以免,以备,以防”等讲,引导条件状语从句,意为“如果、万一”。另外,in case作副词性短语,常置于句末,表示事先准备或预防的措施,作“以防万一”讲。例如:He
4、takes a torch in case it gets dark before he returns.他带了手电筒,以备天黑以后回家用。In case we fail,we wont lose heart.万一我们失败,我们决不会失去信心。She ought to be there in case.她应在那儿等着,以防万一。(2)条件状语从句表示将来时,从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。有时从句表示在将来某个时候之前完成,从句用现在完成时。例如:If I get wealthy,I will buy a big house in Beijing.如果我变富了,我会在北京买一座大房子。I
5、f you have finished your homework,you can have a rest.如果你已经完成了作业,你可以休息。(3)on condition that.通常放在主句的后面。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)(2019天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _he wants their support.(2)(2019江苏高考)_ you desire physical activities,you can choose activities from swimming to
6、horse riding.(3)(2019江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients _case they need medical assistance.(4)You can go swimming _condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.unlessIfinon二、让步状语从句 让步状语从句是表示在某种相反的条件下,主句中的情况依然会出现。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导:though(虽然),although(虽然),as(尽管,虽然),while
7、(虽然),even if/though(即使);whether.or.(不管还是);no matter+疑问词(无论),疑问词+-ever(无论)。1.though,although,as,while引导的让步状语从句。这些词引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然,尽管”,although 较为正式。*Although/Though he failed many times,(still)he kept on trying.尽管失败了很多次,他还是继续尝试。*While I like the color,I dont like the shape.尽管我喜欢它的颜色,但不喜欢它的形状。【名师点津】(1
8、)though和although引导的让步状语从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,不与but连用,但可与表示转折的yet,still 连用。(2)though可以当副词用,但although不可以。(3)while引导让步状语从句时,一般位于主句之前。【即学活用】(1)_,he looks very strong and healthy.我的叔叔虽然老了,但他看上去还是很健壮。(2)句型转换。He was surprised,but he tried to keep calm._,he tried to keep calm.Although my uncle is oldAlthough/T
9、hough/While he was surprised2.as,though引导的让步状语从句。*Tired as/though he was,he continued working in the field.尽管他很累,他还继续在田里工作。*Child as/though he was,he had a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子,但他精通英语。*Hard as/though I tried to explain,he still didnt understand.尽管我尽力向他解释,他仍然不懂。*Try as he might,he couldnt
10、solve the problem.尽管他很努力,但还是无法解决这个问题。【名师点津】在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果单数可数名词提前,无论前面有没有形容词作定语,都要省略不定冠词a或an。【即学活用】句型转换。(1)Although he might try,he couldnt open the door._he might,he couldnt open the door.(2)Angry as/though he was,he couldnt help smiling._,he couldnt help smiling.(3)Though/Although he is a
11、 worker,he knows a lot._,he knows a lot.Try as/thoughThough/Although he was angryWorker as/though he is3.“特殊疑问词+-ever”和“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。“特殊疑问词+-ever”和“no matter+特殊疑问词”所引导的让步状语从句均可表示“无论,不管”,可互换使用。*(2019北京高考)Whatever stage of life youre at,wherever you go and whateverproject you do in GDA,yo
12、ull create positive changes in a poor and remote community.不管你处于人生的什么阶段,不管你去哪儿,不管你在GDA做什么,你都会在贫穷偏远的社区做一些积极的改变。*(2018天津高考)Whenever(=No matter when)you move to a new area,you should locate the fire alarm pull stations.无论何时你搬到一个新地方,你都应该放置火灾报警装置。*Your mother will wait for you however(=no matter how)late
13、 it is.不管多晚你妈妈都会等着你。【知识延伸】(1)whichever,whoever和whatever引导状语从句时,分别相当于no matter which,no matter who和no matter what。另外,它们还引导名词性从句,这时不可用no matter+特殊疑问词结构。例如:*(2018全国卷)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whateveris ahead of you for the day.锻炼会让你更加神清气爽,更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。*(2018天津高考)The gold
14、medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.无论谁获得自行车比赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。(2)however引导状语从句时后面经常接形容词或副词。另外,however还是副词,表示“然而”。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。(2018北京高考)Each person,no matter _they are,has psychological imbalances.(2018全国卷)As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter _many time
15、s I asked to watch them,my parents would not let me.(2)句型转换。Whenever she was free,shed play cards,read books and listen to music._she was free,shed play cards,read books and listen to music.whohowNo matter when4.even if,even though引导的让步状语从句。even if,even though引导让步状语从句时,意为“即使”,强调事实。*(2019北京高考)Even th
16、ough there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music.尽管所有的音乐团体中都有一种共同的精神,但他们的音乐却迥然不同。5.whether.or引导的让步状语从句。*Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。*(2019天津高考)People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck,o
17、r running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are.无论卡车司机还是商店老板,那些努力追求卓越的人因为坚守自己的本性让整个世界变得更好。【即学活用】(1)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then _.尽管我爷爷九十多岁了,他仍然不时地打网球。(2)_,you should obey the law.不管你在中国还是美国你都要遵守法律。三、条件状语从句和让步状语从句的省略条件状语从句和让步状语从句省略的两个前提条件:1.当状语从句的主语
18、和主句的主语一致或者从句的主语为it时;even though hes in his ninetiesWhether you are in China or in America2.当状语从句是it+be动词+adj./过去分词/现在分词/介词短语时,省略it和be动词。*You must attend the meeting unless(it is)inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。*He wouldnt solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题
19、。*Although(he was)a farmer,now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在他已是位著名的导演了。*Although(he is)doing his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在尽最大努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。*He wont go there with us unless(he is)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。【即学活用】(1)句型转换。Although it is very simple,th
20、e story of The Little Prince warms people in many ways._,the story of The Little Prince warms people in many ways.(2)语法填空。The new machine,if _(use)properly,will work for at least ten years.Though _(work)outside,he is always worried about his aging mother at home.Although very simpleusedworking课时检测素养
21、达标.单句语法填空1.He wont lose weight _he keeps a diet.2.Young _he is,he has been to many countries.3.He is so busy.He cant afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.4._you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.5.All of us can give others a hand _long as we are willing to do so.6.People
22、 insure their houses _case they catch fire.unlessthough/asalthough/thoughIfasin7.You can go out _ condition that you wear an overcoat.8.Even _ the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists go there for a trip every year.9.One can always manage to do more things,no matter _full ones schedule is in li
23、fe.10._ I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.onthough/ifhowWhile/Although/Though.单句改错1.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.()2.Although I was quite unwilling to say“Goodbye”to my father,but he had to leave for my hometown i
24、n the evening.()3.Ill go if you come or not.()4.The notice says who you are,you must show your tickets to enter the exhibition.()5.If you want to come here,and you can take the bus from the sixth station.()IfAlthough/Though去掉butifwhetherwhowhoever去掉and6.Unless asking to speak,you should remain silen
25、t at the meeting.()7.Unless I have a large amount of money,I would travel to the world with my family.()8.What difficulty you may face,we will always fight along with you.()9.Supposed you fail a second time,dont get disappointed.()askingaskedUnlessIfWhatWhateverSupposedSuppose/Supposing【语法主题应用】用适当的连
26、词填空。Tom is a friend of mine and he is very fat.Last winter,he kept taking physical training _cold it was._ he worked out very hard,yet(still)he made very slow progress.I often help him when he is discouraged.With my help,he is very slim now.He is good at writing novels too.I dont really like his nov
27、els,_ I have to admit his novels are very exciting.no matter how/howeverAlthough/Thoughalthough课时素养评价八 Module 3 Grammar【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.He will not leave _it is fine tomorrow.2.If it _(rain)tomorrow,we will have the PE lesson in the classroom.3.We can reach for our dreams _impossible they may seem to
28、be!4._there is money on you,you may buy whatever you like.unlessrainshoweverProvided/Providing that5.Try _he might,he couldnt get the door open.6.No matter _dictionary you want to buy,Ill pay for it.7.The film has a much shorter history,especially when _(compare)to such art forms as music and painti
29、ng.8.There are so many cars that you should be careful while _(cross)the road.9._it is right or wrong,his opinion should be paid attention to.10.Lessons can be learned to face the future,_history cannot be changed.as/thoughwhichcomparedcrossingWhetherthough/although.完成句子1._,youll find a way.动动脑筋,你会想
30、出办法的。2.You will not pass the examination _.如果不努力学习的话,你就通不过考试了。3._you keep the book clean,you may borrow it.只要你能够保持书的整洁,你就可以借。If you use your headunless you study hardAs long as/On condition that4._,she is always ready to help.不管谁向她请教,她总是乐于助人。5._,I cannot excuse his faults.虽然我很崇拜他,可我不能原谅他的错误。6._,you
31、should accept them.不管你是否需要这些衣服,你都应该接受它们。7._to play tennis,I couldnt stand the pressure.即使我有打网球的天赋,我也无法承受这种压力。No matter who/Whoever asks for adviceMuch as/though I admire himWhether you need the clothes or notEven if I had the talent8._,it will change.无论你现在的梦想是什么,它总会改变。9._,youll find it hard to get o
32、ut of it.一旦你染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。10.I keep a warm coat at work _.上班时我总带件温暖的上衣,以防天气突然变冷。Whatever your dream is nowOnce you get into a bad habitin case it suddenly turns cold【主题阅读】.阅读理解(2020潍坊高一检测)German cities are redrawing road markings to create new cycle paths for the duration of the COVID-19 lockdown,as
33、cyclists demand more space to physically distance on their way to work.Local authorities in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin trialled(试行)temporary widening of two cycle paths on 27 March,arguing it would help cyclists keep the required 1.5-metre distance apart while car traffic was down owing to Ger
34、mans coronavirus(冠状病毒)restrictions.On Friday,the council declared the plan a success because it had improved cycling safety while not blocking traffic.The council said it had used removable tape and mobile signs to mark out the widened paths,which can be removed when the current restrictions on move
35、ment are lifted.Residents in 133 other German cities have formally submitted applications for similar pop-up bike paths to their local authorities on the back of a campaign by Environmental Action Germany(DUH),an environmental NGO.The campaign group cites new research linking air pollution to higher
36、 coronavirus death rates as an argument for redrawing road signs across the country.“The coronavirus is showing us that clean air is necessary,”said DUHs chair,Jurgen Resch.“It is now especially important to temporarily make it more important for people to move safely on their bikes.This will help i
37、mprove air quality,enable exercise in fresh air while keeping a safe distance and avoid unnecessary accidents.”In Germany,bike repair shops are allowed to work because of COVID-19 going on.Three federal states,Berlin,Saxony-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,have allowed bike shops to stay open.【文章大意
38、】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在新冠肺炎疫情期间,德国城市正在重新绘制道路标线,创建新的自行车道,为骑自行车的人在上班途中提供更多的空间来保持物理距离。1.Why did German cities decide to widen temporary cycle paths?A.To avoid traffic jams.B.To go to work conveniently.C.To reduce air pollution.D.To keep proper distance between cyclists.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知德国城市正在重新绘制道路标线,以便在
39、COVID-19封锁期间创建新的自行车道,因为骑自行车的人在上班途中需要更多的空间来保持物理距离。可知德国拓宽新的自行车道是为了给上班途中的人们空出更多的空间,以便于人们保持合适的距离。2.How did the road workers sign the widened paths?A.By using removable tape and signs.B.By painting oil lines.C.By hanging special boards.D.By pulling up attractive ropes.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,该委员会说,他们使用了可移
40、动的胶带和移动标志标出拓宽的道路,当目前对移动的限制解除后,这些道路可以被移除。可知工人们使用可移动的胶带和移动标志标出拓宽的道路。3.What does the underlined word“pop-up”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Substituted.B.Limited.C.Expanded.D.Separated.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。结合上下文可知,在非政府环境组织“德国环境行动”的支持下,德国其他133个城市的居民正式向当地政府提交了类似“pop-up”样的自行车道的申请。由此推断,“pop-up”应该与第四段中所说的可拓宽的道路意思相近。
41、所以画线词的意思是“拓宽的”。4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Special measures are taken to raise the production of bicycles.B.All transportation means except bicycling are forbidden.C.The use of bicycles can stop COVID-19 from going on.D.Bicycle riding is encouraged to lower the risk of gathering.【解
42、析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章中最后一段在德国,由于新冠肺炎的出现,自行车修理店被允许工作。柏林、萨克森安哈尔特和梅克伦堡沃波默恩这三个联邦州已经允许自行车商店继续营业。由此判断出德国的自行车商店继续营业,德国政府鼓励使用自行车。.完形填空 Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks 1 than words.According to specialists,our bodies send out more 2 than we realize.In fact,non-verbal c
43、ommunication(非语言交际)takes up about 50%of what we really 3.And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed,what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.6,different societies t
44、reat the 7 between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having 8 contact even with friends,and certainly not with 9.People from Latin American countries 10,touch each other quite a lot.Therefore,its possible that in 11,it may look like a Latino is 12 a Norwegian all over the roo
45、m.The Latino,trying to express friendship,will keep moving 13.The Norwegian,very probably seeing this as pushiness,will keep 14 which the Latino will in return regard as 15.Clearly,a great deal is going on when people 16.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from 17 c
46、ultures,theres a strong possibility of 18.But whatever the situation,the best 19 is to obey the Golden Rule:treat others as you would like to be 20.【文章大意】本文主要讲了肢体语言的重要性,并且举例说明了不同社会对待肢体语言是不同的,所以在交流时会有误解。1.A.straighter B.louder C.harder D.further【解析】选B。背景常识题。此处It speaks louder than words是由一个谚语Actions
47、speak louder than words(行动胜过语言)变来的。表示“肢体语言胜过文字”。2.A.soundsB.invitationsC.feelingsD.messages【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。此处指我们的身体发出信息。send out messages发出信息。3.A.hopeB.receiveC.discoverD.mean【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。此处指非语言交际占我们要表达的意思的约50%。what we mean表示“我们表达的意思”。mean意思是。4.A.immediateB.misleadingC.importantD.difficult【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。
48、因为非语言交际约占我们要表达的意思的50%,所以肢体语言很重要,尤其是在跨文化交流中。5.A.wellB.farC.muchD.long【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。此处指:事实上肢体语言太多了,所以它经常不被人注意。6.A.For exampleB.ThusC.HoweverD.In short【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知,下面是举例说明跨文化交流中肢体语言的重要性。7.A.tradeB.distanceC.connectionsD.greetings【解析】选B。词汇复现题。本文讲的非语言的交际,所以此处提到的是不同的社会对待两个交流的人之间的距离是不一样的。下文中的contact
49、,touch each other也有所提示。8.A.eyeB.verbalC.bodilyD.telephone【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下面的例子和常识可知,北欧人不喜欢和他人有身体的接触。bodily身体的。9.A.strangersB.relativesC.neighboursD.enemies【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意:北欧人不喜欢和他人有身体的接触,甚至和朋友也不愿意,当然和陌生人(stranger)更不愿意。故选A。10.A.in other wordsB.on the other handC.in a similar wayD.by all means【解析】选B。词语
50、辨析题。此处指从另一方面讲,拉丁美洲国家的人们身体的接触很多。on the other hand表示“另一方面”,一般用于指提到的内容和前面不同。in other words换句话说;in a similar way同样地;by all means当然。11.A.troubleB.conversationC.silenceD.experiment【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。下面讲的是一个拉丁美洲人和挪威人谈话的情况。conversation交谈。12.A.communicatingB.helpingC.guiding D.following【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。因为拉丁美洲人总是想靠近挪威人
51、,而挪威人又不愿和他有身体的接触,所以挪威人就向后退,这样在谈话中就好像拉丁美洲人在房间里追挪威人。follow跟随。13.A.closerB.fasterC.inD.away【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。此处指拉丁美洲人想靠近。14.A.stepping forwardB.going onC.backing awayD.coming out【解析】选C。词语辨析题。此处指挪威人后退(back away)。step forward走上前;go on继续;come out出来。15.A.weaknessB.carelessnessC.friendlinessD.coldness【解析】选D。逻辑推理
52、题。此处指拉丁美洲人会把挪威人的后退看成是冷漠(coldness)。16.A.talkB.travelC.laughD.think【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据后面的And only a part of it is in the words themselves.以及上下文可知,此处指在谈话(talk)中会发生很多事情。17.A.differentB.EuropeanC.LatinoD.rich【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据上文的different 和between people differently可知此处指来自不同文化的团体。18.A.disappointmentB.excitement
53、C.misunderstandingD.nervousness【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据上文的And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.可知选C。19.A.chanceB.timeC.resultD.advice【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。此处是提出一条建议。故选D。20.A.noticedB.treatedC.respectedD.pleased【解析】选B。背景常识题。Treat others as you would like to be treated.是一个谚语,表示“己所不欲,勿施于人”。.语法填空(2020济南高一检测)The
54、story happened in Japan 1.a house was redecorated and the wall inside a room was removed.The inside of the wall was hollow.When the owner of the house removed the wall,he saw a gecko(壁虎)inside the wall.Its tail 2.(pin)by a nail 3.(come)through the wall from outside.The owner was very curious why the
55、 gecko was still alive.Then the nail caught his eye.Goodness!It is the nail that was driven here ten years ago when the house was built!How amazing it is 4.the gecko to have lived in the wall in complete 5.(dark)for ten years!But on second thought,the curious house owner wondered how this gecko coul
56、d live through 10 years with its tail 6._(nail)down and being unable to go anywhere?So he tried to find out how this small creature could be fed.After a little while,there appeared another gecko with food in its mouth!What a shocking scene!For ten years,this little gecko had never failed to feed the
57、 trapped one.The story touched me so 7.(deep)that it is useless to find out 8.relationships they had between them.Parent 9.child?Friends?Lovers?Brothers or sisters?10.last thing we should do is to abandon your beloved in hardship.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个令人感动,但有点难以置信的故事:一只尾巴被钉子钉住了、不能走动的壁虎,却靠另一只壁虎提供食物而
58、活了整整十年。1.【解析】where。考查定语从句关系副词。分析句子结构可知,空格后的句子“a house was redecorated and the wall inside a room was removed”在句子中是定语从句,修饰先行词Japan,先行词Japan在定语从句中充当地点状语成分,需使用关系副词where。2.【解析】was pinned。考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空格处是谓语成分,根据前后句使用的是一般过去时可知,本句它的尾巴被钉子钉住是发生在过去的动作,时态需使用一般过去时,动词pin和主语its tail是被动关系,用被动语态。故填was pinned
59、。3.【解析】coming。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,动词come在句子中充当定语成分,修饰a nail,come和a nail之间是主动关系,用现在分词coming。4.【解析】for。考查介词。句意:对于这个壁虎来说,一直住在完全黑暗的墙里长达10年时间是多么惊奇的事。分析句子结构可知,本句是it is+adj.+for sb./sth.+to do sth.结构,表示的是对于某人/物来说做某事是怎么样的,用介词for。5.【解析】darkness。考查名词。分析句子结构可知,介词in后面要接名词作宾语。故填darkness。6.【解析】nailed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可
60、知,动词nail在with+名词+非谓语动词结构中充当宾语补足语,和名词tail之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词nailed。7.【解析】deeply。考查副词。分析句子结构可知,动词touched需使用副词修饰。故填deeply。8.【解析】what。考查宾语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格后句子“relationships they had between them”在句中是宾语从句,空格处在宾语从句中充当had的宾语,表达的是什么关系,用引导词what。9.【解析】and。考查并列连词。由前一句可知,这个故事如此深深地感动了我,以至于去找到他们之间是什么关系是无用的,所以parent和child之间是对他们关系的猜测,是并列关系,用并列连词and。10.【解析】The。考查定冠词。分析句子结构可知,句子“we should do”是定语从句,修饰先行词last thing,是对last thing的特指说明,用定冠词the。故填The。
