1、专题一 语法和词汇知识之情态动词和虚拟语气（4）（新课标）【专题考点】1 考查情态动词的基本用法 2 考查情态动词的推测性用法3 考查“情态动词+have done”的用法4 考查与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在简单句中的运用5 考查与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用6 考查与情态动词should相关的虚拟语气在名词性从句中运用【典例探究】1.（2010全国卷IT29） Just be patient .You_expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not【解析】选A。句意：耐心一
2、点儿，你不能期望世界变化太快。cant在否定句中可以表示推测，译为“一定不，不可能”，可以表示语气很强的否定推测；译为“不能够”，也可以表示命令，不允许或没有能力，neednt表示“不必要”， may not表示“可能不会”，语气非常弱。will not表示将来不会。根据句意与语境可知说话者是在表示推测，并且推测的可能性较强。故选A。2（2010北京卷T 34）. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my
3、vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died【解析】选D。句意：“天气又干又热。”“是啊。哪怕下一滴雨，事情比现在都要好得多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”由句意及题干中的If it had rained even a drop可知事实上第二个人的菜已经死了，题中是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用would +have +过去分词，因此选D。3 （2010福建卷T 29）. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicy
4、cles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【解析】选A。句意：老师们建议父母，为了安全起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。recommend在句中是“建议”的意思，其后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。【知识拓展】常见的“should型”虚拟语气1）. 与表示建议、要求、命令（suggest/suggestion，demand，order，propose/proposal，insist，command，requir
5、e，desire，recommend）等相关的名词性从句中，通常用“should型”虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，而且should可省略。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。They all agreed to my proposal that we (should) share in the taxi fare.他们都同意我的提议，我们分摊计程车费。The order came that free food (should) be distributed at once.命令下
6、达了，立刻发放免费食品。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。2）. 在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary that从句”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构。It is strange that he should speak to his father like that. 真奇怪，他竟然和他父亲那样说话。4 （2010陕西卷T 15）If we _ the other road, we might have ar
7、rived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【解析】选B。句意：“如果我们走另外一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿参加会议。”由句意可知，实际上我们没有走另外一条路，所以没能及时赶到这儿参加会议。本题是对过去动作的虚拟。对过去动作虚拟时，主句用了might + have +过去分词，从句用过去完成时had + 过去分词。5 （2010山东卷T25）I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B
8、. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt【解析】选A。句意为：我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。从后半句部分“看那部电影会给带来噩梦”可知，前部分语境应是后悔看了这部电影，shouldnt have done意为“过去不应该做但实际上做某事”。neednt have done 表示“过去没有必要做而实际上做了某事”；couldnt have done 过去不可能做某过某事；must表示推测不可用于否定形式，故D项不存在。【知识拓展】情态动词+have done在高考中经常考查的几个角度：（1）must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事（2）cant/co
9、uldnt have done sth. 过去不可能做过某事（3）could have done sth. 过去本来能做某事（3）should have done sth. 过去本来应该做某事（4）shouldnt have done sth. 过去本来不应做某事（5）may/might (not) have done sth. 过去可能(没有)做过某事（6）neednt have done sth. 过去没有必要做某事【跟踪演练】1 （2011浙江杭州七校联考）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it different
10、ly.A. could expressB. would express C. could have expressedD. must have expressed2 （2011山东枣庄第一次质检）- Who did it? - _ you ask? It was Joe, of course. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need3（2011江西赣州十一县市联考） Whats wrong with you?-Oh, I am sickI _ so much ice cream just nowAshouldnt eat Bmustnt eat Ccouldnt ha
11、ve eaten Dshouldnt have eaten4（2010 江苏省南通市二模） 32. Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel? No, it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now. A. shouldnt B. shant C. mustnt D. neednt5（2010江西省吉安二模）23-I failed to catch the early bus because I overslept this morning -You have stayed up too la
12、te last night AcouldBwouldCshouldDmust6 （2010山东省临沂市二模）35What kind of car do you want to have? A large one? Well，it_ be largethats not important Amustnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dneednt7 （2010 山西省大同五中二模）22.It rained a lot during their journey, so they have had a good time.A cant B must C shouldnt D might 8 （2
13、010天津市55中二模）2一Helen, will you be at the party tonight? 一Yes，but I really _as I have so much homework to doAcant BmustntCshouldnt Dwont9 （2010山东省临沂市二模）25The voice on the phone was exactly as she_ it would sound，just like her mothers A. dreamed B. had dreamed C. would dream D. was dreamed10 （2010山东省威海
14、市二模）33. If we _ the tickets half a year ago, we would not be able to visit it on May Day now. A. did not bookB. had not bookedC. would not bookD. would not have booked11 （2010湖南省长沙市一中二模）21. “Sorry, I got up late this morning. I _ have set the alarm clock before I went to bed last night.” A. might B.
15、 should C. must D. would12 （2010河南省开封市二模）25Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here the heavy snow.Aneednt have driven; throughBcant have driven; acrossCmustnt have driven; throughDshouldnt have driven; cross13（2010江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）34He hesitated for a moment before kicking t
16、he ball，otherwise he a goal Ahad scored Bwould score Cwould have scored Dwould be scoring14. We_ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should beC. must have been D. would have been15. Why _you be talking so loudly while others are studying?I am terribly sorry. A.
17、 shall B. must C. will D. may16. George had to give a speech in front of 5, 000 people. Whew! Thats a big audience. He _nervous. He was, but nobody could tell. A. should have been B. might beC. must have been D. could be17. You didnt come to the party yesterday. _?Im not a party animal. A. How can I
18、 have B. How would I haveC. Why should I have D. Why must I have18. It is required in some colleges that lights in students dorms _off by 11 oclock. A. be switched B. would switchC. should switch D. must be switched19. The young man has made so much noise that he _not have been allowed to attend the
19、 concert. A. could B. must C. should D. need20. After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise_. A. had been overlookedB. would have been overlookedC. were overlookedD. would be overlooked21. The winner of the race is a tall and thin boy with thick glasses. Then it
20、_be my friend, Mike, who looks like a “meat ball”. A. might B. cant C. mustnt D. should22. It _Mary in the office. Im sure it _her. I saw her off at the bus station just ten minutes ago. A. must be; shouldnt be B. should be; cant beC. must be; cant be D. cant be; mustnt be23. When shall we hold the
21、meeting?It_ be better to put it off until next week. A. must B. could C. can D. will24. Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board_ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. A. must have been saved B. should have been savedC. would be saved D. might be saved25
22、. Sorry indeed, I _to your birthday party if. . . Forget it. I know you were out on business. A. must come B. would comeC. must have come D. would have come26. Its hard to believe that such a greedy man _donate so much to the Hope Project. A. may B. need C. can D. shall27. I find it astonishing that
23、 John _be so rude to me. Not astonishing at all. He is always rude to others. A. should B. must C. might D. ought to 28. Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _a serious loss. A. would cause B. must have causedC. would have caused D. may cause29. How dangerous it was!Yes, but for the pa
24、sser-bys quick action, the girl_. A. was drownedB. would have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned30. “If I _taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now”, said the dying heroin addict. A. didnt start B. havent startedC. hadnt started D. shouldnt start31. Amazing! You _wear slippe
25、rs at work!Dont you know its a fashion?A. must B. should C. can D. may32. Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _earlier. A. arrived B. had arrivedC. would arrive D. would have arrived33. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _I spell it for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might34. Dont cry ov
26、er your lost friendship any more. It _be helped. A. mustnt B. needntC. shouldnt D. cant35. What does the sign over there read?No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. must B. may C. shall D. will36. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?Yes, but we_. H
27、e didnt return home at all. A. dont have to B. neednt haveC. didnt need to D. should have37. The public transport in Beijing is very convenient now, so there _be any difficulty in travelling around the city. A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt38. After the bell rings, which indicates the endin
28、g of the exam, you _stay where you are until all your papers are collected. A. shall B. would C. will D. can答案1 C 2 D 3 D 4A 5D 6D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 A13 C14.【解析】选D。would have done sth. 表示与已经发生的事实相反, 意思是“本来会但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达, 但我们在机场被延误了。15.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：为什么在别人学习的时候, 你非得这么大声说话呢？很抱歉。由语境
29、可知第一个说话者相当不满, 所以用must, 意思是“非要, 偏偏”。16.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：乔治不得不给5 000人作了演讲。哇！人真多。他当时一定有点紧张。是的。但没人看得出来。这里表示对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测, 应该用must have done, 一定做过。should have done表示“过去本应该做（却没做）”。17.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。“Why should I have”是虚拟语气, 表示“为什么我就该参加呢？”must have done不用于疑问句; How表方式, 不合语境, 排除A、B两项。18.【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。在“It is
30、 suggested/required/ordered+that从句”结构中, that从句中的谓语动词用(should)do的形式, 而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系, 所以要用被动语态。19.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。should not have done本不应该干; couldnt have done不可能干; neednt have done本来没必要干; must用在否定结构中表示“禁止”。结合语境可知选C项。20.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。由句中的discovered及语境可推知此处是表示对过去发生事情的假设, 故此处要用would have done来表
31、示。21.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：比赛的获胜者是一个又高又瘦的男孩儿, 他还戴着一副墨镜。那不可能是我的朋友迈克, 他看上去像个“肉球”。cant 不可能; might可能; mustnt禁止; should应该。22.【解析】选C。考查情态动词表示推测。前一个空格处是对现在事实的肯定推测, 意为“一定; 肯定”。can用于否定句表示推测时意为“不可能”。23.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。此处could表示可能性推测：说不定会。例如：It could be better to stay here. 说不定呆在这里比较好。24.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。从题干中的a wonder可
32、知这是一个奇迹, 因此选择B项。should have been saved表示“竟然获救了”, 带有惊讶口吻, 符合题意。25.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟, if后面省略了过去完成时, 补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business。所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构。26.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。can表示惊异, 怀疑, 不相信等语气。句意：很难相信一个如此贪婪的人会给希望工程捐这么多钱。27.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。这里用should表示说话人吃惊的语气, 意思是“竟然,
33、 居然”。must必须, 一定; might或许; ought to应该, 均不符合语境。28.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。but for. . . “要不是”。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了, 要不是你的帮助, 我们的损失就大了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以C项正确。29.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意为：真够危险的！是的, 要不是那个过路人动作快, 那个女孩早就被淹死了。根据句意本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 故选B。30.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句, 从句是对过去事情的虚拟, 应用过去完成时, 主句指说话时可能产生的结果。31.【解析】选B。考查情态
34、动词。句意为：真奇怪！你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗？should表示“竟然”, 其他选项不能表示此意。32.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。答话人的言外之意显然是说假如没有遇到交通阻塞, 会来得更早一些。此句相当于“If I hadnt stuck in the traffic jam. I would have arrived earlier. ”是对过去情况的虚拟。33.【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见, 符合题意。34.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：不要再为失去的友谊而哭泣, 这样没有什么帮助。It cant
35、 be helped为常用习语, 意为“没办法”, “无法避免的”等。35.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允许, 命令, 威胁”等语气。句意为：在这个地方任何人不得吸烟或拿着点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。36.【解析】选B。句意为：昨天夜里你们没有等史密斯先生, 是吗？我们等了, 但我们没必要。他根本就没回家。首先排除A项（表现在或将来没必要做某事）和D项（过去应该做某事）; C项只是强调过去没必要做某事, 并且也未做; B项表示“本不必做却做了某事”, 所以选B。37.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。should作为情态动词, 可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论, 通
36、常译为“可能, 应该”。句意为：现在北京的公共交通非常便利, 所以在市区的观光不应该有什么困难。couldnt通常用来对过去发生的事情进行有把握的否定推测。38.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意为：当标志着考试结束的铃响后, 你们必须等试卷全部收起来后才可离开座位。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 表示说话者的命令或指示。【真题在线】1.（2010浙江卷T10）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been s
37、avedC. will be saved D. was saved2（2010天津卷T9）Mark_have hurried. After driving at top speed ,he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 3.（2010江苏卷T25） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A
38、. could B. shall C. must D. may 4.（2010安徽卷T26）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy5.（2010安徽卷T32） Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have bee
39、n 6.（2010北京卷T 23）. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can7.（2010陕西卷T 23）May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustn
40、t8.（2010上海卷T 29）Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt9.（2010四川卷T3）. I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 10（2010湖南卷T29）If he my advice, he wouldnt have l
41、ost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow11.（2010江西卷T 23）. I have told you the truth . I keep repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12. （2009江苏 T 28）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have exp
42、ressed D. must have expressed13. （2009四川 T 13） I dont care what people think. Well, you_. A. could B. would C. should D. might14. （2009全国卷 T 25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall15. （2009天津 T 15）This printer is of good quality. If it _
43、break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might16. （2009重庆T 32）Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She_ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have beenC. must be D. might have been17. （2009北京T 25）One of the few things y
44、ou _say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can18. （2009安徽 T 29）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would19.（2009安徽T 34）But for their help, we_
45、the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished20. （2009福建T 35）But for the help of my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won21. （2009辽宁T 29）Th
46、e traffic is heavy these days. I_ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. can B. must C. need D. might22. （2009陕西T 16）He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _?A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 23. （2009湖南T 30）Its the office! So you _know eating is not allowed here.
47、 Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need24. （2009湖南T 32）You and I could hardly work together,_ ? A. could you B. couldnt IC. couldnt we D. could we25. （2009浙江T 13）The doctor recommended that you _swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt26. （2009全国卷T 20）I cant leav
48、e. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may27. (2009上海T 27)It _have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should28. (2008全国卷T 17) Liza _well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. A. will B. can
49、C. must D. may29. （2008北京T 21）John promised his doctor he_ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would30. （2008天津T 6） She _have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt31. （2008重庆T 30）I cant find my purse anywhere. You
50、_have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would32. （2008湖南T 28）You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would 33. （2008浙江T 11）You _be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mus
51、tnt D. neednt34. （2008江西T 26）What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _better. A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done35. （2008江苏T 35）Im sorry. I _at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shou
52、ted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted36. （2008辽宁T 22）Peter _be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must37. （2008陕西T 9）What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it _be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. ca
53、nt D. wont38. （2008福建T 24）It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would39. （2008四川T 10）Although this _sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should40. （2008山东T 24）Thank you for all your hard work la
54、st week. I dont think we _it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed答案1.【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气用法。句意：“如果我知道这个电脑程序的话，就会节省大量的时间和精力了。”本句是对过去动作的虚拟，从句省略了if把had放到了句首，对过去动作进行虚拟时，主句谓语动词形式用“would have done”。2【解析】选A。句意：马克没必要那么匆忙。以最快速度开车，他早到了半个小时。he arrived half an hour early为
55、信息词，说明没必要那么匆忙。neednthave done表示“做了本来不必去做的事”符合句意，所以选A。B项常用于虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设；C项表禁止；D项是本不可能做了某事。3.【解析】选B。句意：我还没有拿到参考书，但我下个月就要参加这个专题的测试了。别担心。到星期五你就拿到参考书了。此处shall用于第二人称，表示允诺；情态动词shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。其余选项没有这种用法，所以选择B项。4.【解析】选A。句意：昨天，鲍勃本来可以帮助我们，但他当时太忙了。这是一个事实和虚拟假设的混合句。but前的句子，从 would have he
56、lped 可知这是虚拟语气，表示过去本来可以帮助我们，但实际上没有。but 之后说明当时不能“帮助我们”的原因，是过去的客观事实，故应用一般过去时。5.【解析】选D。句意：杰克说他父亲是个意志坚强的人，多年前他父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩子。此处应是对过去动作的推测，而非虚拟。must have done 表示对过去的肯定的推测；would have done 表示对过去的虚拟。6【解析】选B。句意：“早上好。我和史密斯先生在the Personnel Department.有个约会。”“啊，早上好。你一定是彼得斯夫人。”must 表肯定性的推测，意思是“一定”；might 表推测时，意思是“可能”
57、，不过可能性很小；would 通常用来表虚拟语气。can表推测时，意思是“可能”，经常用于否定句。7.【解析】选D。句意：“我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？” “不，千万不要。在这儿读吧。”由句意可知此处表示强烈禁止，mustnt千万别/不要，表禁止，所以选D项.。mightnt 表示“可能不”； wont 表示“不愿意”；neednt表示“没必要”。8【解析】选C。句意为：抱歉，史密斯教授，昨天我没有完成任务。噢，你本应该完成的，昨天是最后期限。should + have done本该做某事（而事实上并没有做），表示对过去动作的虚拟。must have done一定做了，与I didnt fin
58、ish the assignment yesterday不相符；mustnt表示“不允许，禁止”，用在此处不恰当；shouldnt have done表示本来不应该做某事（而事实上做了），用在此处不符合逻辑关系。9【解析】选B。句意为：我可以将这本书带出去吗？恐怕不行。表请求可用情态动词can，may，could或might，故选项B正确。10【解析】选C。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果他当初听了我的建议，他就不会失去工作了。由句意可知从句是对过去动作的虚拟，对过去动作虚拟时，从句应用过去完成时，故选C。11【解析】选A。句意：我已经告诉你真相了，我还要必须再重复一遍吗？ must 必须；
59、 can 能够，能力；用在疑问句中可以表示征询对方的意见； may 可以；许可； will 用在第二人称疑问句中， 表示征询对方的意见； 根据句意选A。12.【解析】选C。考查情态动词+have done用法。句意为：他不是后悔说了他所做的事而是觉得他本来能够用不同的措辞表达。由句意可知应选C, 表示与过去的事实相反。could have done表示“本来能够做”; must have done表肯定的推测, “一定做过”不合语境。13.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意为：我不介意人们想什么。你应该介意。should应该; 符合语境。A项could表能力, B项would表意愿, D项mig
60、ht表推测, 意为“或许”, 均不符合语境。14.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意为：这儿只有10张票, 是什么意思？应该有12张票的。should表推测时暗含很大的可能, 意为“应该会”。would表意愿; will可能; shall在陈述句中表示说话者的允许、威胁、命令、规定等语气。15.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意为：这台打印机质量很好, 如果一年内坏了的话, 我们会保修。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气, if从句谓语动词应用should+动词原形或were to+动词原形或用过去时。16.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意为：喂, 汤姆, 知道简在哪儿吗？一定在教室里。我刚才在那儿看见过她
61、。由语境可知现在在教室的可能性很大。因此用must。B项和D项表示对过去事情的推测, 不符合语境。shall不用来表推测, 排除A项。17.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：关于英国人, 你有把握能说的几件事情之一就是他们经常谈论天气。can能够, 符合语境; need需要, 常用于否定句和疑问句; 用于肯定句时常作实义动词, 后常接to do形式; must 必须; should应该。18.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：言语不多的人未必害羞, 他们可能是安静的人。may可能, 符合语境; must表推测, 意为“一定”; should应该; would表示意愿, 皆不符合语境。19.
62、【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是他们的帮助, 我们不可能及时完成这个项目。由语境可知, 项目已经完成, 排除选项A和B。couldnt have done表示不可能做过某事, 符合语境。20.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是我的英语老师的帮助, 我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 主句用would have done sth. 结合句意可知应用否定式。21.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：这几天交通拥挤, 我或许晚到一会儿, 你能给我留个位置吗？might或许, 表推测, 符合语境。can在表推测时往往用于否定句和疑问句; must表示有把握
63、的推测, 用于肯定句; need需要, 用于肯定句时, 常用作实义动词, 后接to do形式。22.【解析】选B。考查含情态动词的反意疑问句。句意为：他一定在帮那位老人浇花, 是吗？must在表推测时, 其反意疑问句根据去掉must之后的陈述句判断。本句去掉must之后改为He is helping the old man to water the flowers, 所以反意疑问部分用isnt he。23.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意为：这是办公室！你一定知道在这儿吃饭是不允许的。对不起。must一定, 符合语境; will很可能, 大概; may可能; need需要, 均不符合语境。24
64、.【解析】选D。考查含情态动词的反意疑问句。句意为：我和你几乎不可能在一起工作, 是吗？hardly本身表示否定意义, 所以反意疑问部分应用肯定形式, 排除选项B和C。句子主语是you and I, 因此反意疑问部分使用we。25.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐后游泳。recommend劝告, 建议, 后接宾语从句时从句使用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should也可省略。26.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：我不能离开。她告诉我我必须呆在这儿直到她回来。must必须, 符合语境; can表能力; will很可能, 大概; may可以, 可能; 均不
65、符合语境。27.【解析】选C。考查情态动词+have done表推测和强调句型的用法。句意为：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的, 因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型, 谓语动词为must have been, must have done表示语气肯定的推测, 意为“（过去）一定做了某事”。28.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：莉莎完全可能不想去旅游她不喜欢旅行。破折号后的部分表明对前句的推测是有充分理由的, may与well连用表示有充分理由。will表推测意为：可能, 该是; can表推测常用于疑问句和否定句中; must表推测常用于肯定句中。29.【解析】选D。考查情态动词用法。本句中and后的部
66、分“自从那时他从没吸过烟”说明约翰有很强的意志, 而四个选项中只有would可表示意志, 故选D。might可表示推测, 表委婉的责备; 也可用于虚拟语气中; should表责任、义务、惊奇、推测等; could表可能性, 可表示婉转的语气。30.【解析】选A。考查情态动词表推测的用法。cant表示“不可能”, 根据“她的自行车还在这里”可推测出“她不可能已经离开学校”。wouldnt have done常用在虚拟语气中, 表示与过去事实相反的假设。shouldnt have done 表示“过去本不应该做但事实上已经做了”, neednt have done 表示“过去做了本不必做的事”,
67、这三者均与句意不符, 故排除。31.【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意为：我到处找不到我的钱包。你可能在购物时把它丢了。由句意可知这是对过去发生的事情的一种可能性的推断, 可知要用may have done形式; can常用在否定句或疑问句中表推断; should have done表示本应该做, 但实际未做, 不符合题意; would have done表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。32. 【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意：找一本书你没有必要知道该书的作者。你可以通过书名找到它。题干中最有用的信息是“dont have to”, 因此可以排除must“必须”和need“有必要”
68、; can在此表示“建议”。33.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为“两小时之前你刚吃过午饭, 你不可能已经饿了”。英语中根据一定现象对另一件事进行推测在肯定句中用must, 在否定句或疑问句中进行推测用can; 如果对已经发生过的事情进行推测则用must/cant have done。根据句意可知是对现在的否定推测, 故选B。34.【解析】选D。考查情态动词用法。句意为：多遗憾啊！鉴于他的能力和经验, 他可能会做得更好些的。表示对过去事情的推测用“情态动词+have done”, can和might都可以表示“可能性”, 但can常指逻辑上具备的可能性或偶尔的可能性, 而might指客观可能
69、性; must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测, 意为“一定”; 根据题意可知, 答案应为D。35.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：“对不起, 几天前, 我本不该向你大喊大叫的。”“忘了吧, 不要往心里去, 我自己也有点失控。”B项表示对过去情况的推测, 意为“本不该做某事可实际上却做了”, 符合题意。36.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意为：彼得有时可能确实难以相处, 尽管通常来讲他是一个很友好的人。can表可能性, 意为“可能; 有时会”符合句意。37.【解析】选B。考查情态动词用法。根据下文thats not important可知房子没必要大, 故选B项, neednt没
70、必要。mustnt禁止; cant不能, 不可能; wont将不能, 不愿意, 均与句意不符。38.【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意为：在我的家乡三月份通常比较暖和, 但有时也可能相当冷。can此处表可能性, 意为“有时会”。must“一定”; should“应该”; would表意愿, 三者均不合题意。39.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。may 表示推测, 意为“可能”。句意：虽然这项工作可能听起来简单, 但仍要特别小心。must 表推测时意为“一定”, 与句意不符; shall在陈述句中表示说话者的允许、威胁、命令、规定等; should 表推测时, 暗含很大的可能, 意为“应该会”。40.【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。句意为：谢谢你上周的辛勤工作。我认为没有你我们不可能处理这个问题。表示对过去事情的否定性推测用could not have done, 又因为这是一个否定前置的句子, 所以后边要用肯定形式。故答案为B。
