1、河南鄢陵2017高考英语十月阅读理解语法填空训练（6）及答案【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2015江苏)In the United States alone，over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.Cellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream
2、 is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration
3、(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically
4、 uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cellphone，and imagine the mines that produced t
5、hose metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The US. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of productsas well as management of th
6、e resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance，buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an
7、 incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask
8、，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from
9、the government and taxpayers back to the producers.文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。1By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that_.Athe weight of egoods is rather smallBewaste deserves to be made good use ofCnatural minerals contain more precious metalsDthe percentage of precious m
10、etals is heavy in ewaste答案：B推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。2The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended_. Afrom producers to governm
11、entsBfrom governments to producersCfrom individuals to distributorsDfrom distributors to governments答案：B细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“.a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayer
12、s back to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。3What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe increase in ewaste.BThe creation of ewaste.CThe seriousness of ewaste.DThe management of ewaste.答案：D主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故
13、正确答案为D。 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014北京市朝阳区第一学期期末统一考试)Mr Peter Johnson，aged twentythree，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.He took the only escape routethrough the boot.Mr Johnsons car had ended up in
14、a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.“Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr Johnson said.“I couldnt force the doors open because they were jammed against the wails of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water woul
15、d come flooding in.”Mr Johnson，a sweet salesman of Sitting Home，Kent，first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.Later he said，“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only
16、coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot.I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear，but no help came.”It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat，and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot.Then Mr Johnson found a w
17、rench (扳手) and began to work on the boot lock.Fifteen minutes passed by.“It was the only chance I had.Finally_it_gave，but as soon as I moved the boot lid，the water and mud poured in.I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed up clear as the car filled up.”His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr Jo
18、hnson got to Beckett Farm nearby.Huddled in a blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible，police said last night.The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.1Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr
19、Johnson?AThe hammer.BThe coin.CThe seat.DThe horn.2We know from the passage that_.AMr Johnsons car stood on its boot as it fell downBMr Johnsons car accident was partly due to the slippery roadCMr Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seatDMr Johnson could not escape from the
20、 door because it was full of sweet jam3“Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that_.Aat last the wrench went brokenBthe chance was lost at the last minuteCthe lock came open after all his effortsDluckily the door was torn away in the end4What is the best title for this newspaper article?ADriver Esca
21、pes through Car BootBThe Story of Mr Johnson，a Sweet SalesmanCThe Driver Survived a Terrible Car AccidentDCar Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route【参考答案】阅读理解语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Mr Johnson在自己的车意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事。1解析：细节理解题。根据第四段Mr Johnson所说的话“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was
22、the only coin I had in my pocket”可知，是一枚硬币(coin)救了他的命，硬币对他极其重要。答案：B2解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Mr Johnsons car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.”可推知，可能是由于路滑导致了这起事故。答案：B3解析：句意理解题。根据第五段第二句“Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work
23、on the boot lock.”可知，文中画线的it指的是“the boot lock”，此处指他打开了锁。答案：C4解析：标题概括题。根据对文章的整体理解和第一段的概述可知，本文主要讲的是一位司机在意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事，故选A项。答案：A【2016模拟题】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 In the late 1990s, a family visited the school where I taught deaf students. They said they would be moving here and plan
24、ned to send their deaf daughter to my school as a first grader. They were upset that their childs kindergarten teacher told them not to have high hopes for her. The teacher painted a bleak (暗淡的) picture for their little girls future. Standing behind them was Katherine, a beautiful five-year-old with
25、 long hair and dark eyes. The whole time her parents were there she didnt make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so.After a few weeks with Katherine, I discovered I was dealing with a very bright child. Although I was able to make her join in different learning acti
26、vities, writing was always a struggle. I tried all kinds of methods to interest her in writing. Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write.One day Katherine got off her bus and stood in front of the school crying. The teachers there did not know enough sign language to ask her what h
27、appened. Finally they led her into the office where they handed her a pen and a piece of paper. Katherine wrote: “PAC BAK.” Immediately the teachers realized she left her backpack on the bus. They called the bus driver back to school and soon Katherine got her backpack back.That day Katherine discov
28、ered the power of the pen. From then on she fell in love with writing. She is a young woman now and has become an excellent writer, public speaker and student leader. 1. When the author first met her, Katherine _.A. kept silent B. kept cryingC. was studying D. was unhappy 2. What was Katherines prob
29、lem after a few weeks with the author?A. She didnt like to write at all. B. She couldnt use sign language.C. She always left her backpack on the bus. D. She had no interest in learning activities.3. Whats the meaning of “Katherine discovered the power of the pen”?A. Katherine used a pen for the firs
30、t time. B. Katherine became interested in writing.C. Katherine understood how to use the pen. D. Katherine knew what the pen was used for.(学校生活)本文是记叙文。文章介绍了聋哑儿童凯瑟琳如何开始对写作感兴趣。1. A。细节理解题。根据第一段的The whole time her parents were there she didnt make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents aske
31、d her to do so可知，作者第一次见凯瑟琳的时候，她一直保持沉默。2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段的writing was always a struggle . Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write可知，与凯瑟琳相处几周后，作者发现她一直抗拒写作。3. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的From then on she fell in love with writing可知，从凯瑟琳的书包失而复得那天起，她发现了笔的力量。如今的她已成为一名优秀的作家、演讲家和学生领导者。由此可知，从那天起她对写作产生了兴趣
32、。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013四川省绵阳市第三次诊断)Chelyabinsk，RussiaA meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2013，raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.Peopl
33、e heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion，saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave，according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of Moscow.The fireball，travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos，ha
34、d blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon，leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.Car alarms went off，thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time.The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion，a very rare spectacle，also releas
35、ed a great explosive sound.“I was driving to work.It was quite dark，but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev,36，a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.“I felt like I was blinded by headlights.”The meteorite，which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been ma
36、de of iron，entered Earths atmosphere and broke apart 30 km50 km above ground according to Russias Academy of Sciences.“The energy released when it entered the Earths atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said，“the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”No deaths were reported but
37、 the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and cleanup workers were sent to Urals Region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured，at least 200 of them children，and most from
38、 broken pieces of glass.1What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?AIt is a very huge ball made of iron.BIt quickly broke apart on the ground.CIt exploded over Russias Urals Region.DIts similar to an Abomb in weight.22The underlined word “smashed” in Para.1 is closest in meaning to “_”Ab
39、rokeBmelted Cswallowed Dcleared3We can know from the passage that _.AMoscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of ChelyabinskBmany houses were destroyed，with lots of people reported missingCViktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacleDthe shock wave briefly influenced mobile pho
40、ne networks4Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?A“Meteorite Rush” Begins in RussiaBPresident Putin Orders AssistanceCMeteorite Hits Russia,1,200 People HurtDMeteorite Flies Quickly Across Russia【参考答案】语篇解读文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“exploded over c
41、entral Russia on Feb.15,2013”以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and cleanup workers were sent to Urals Region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。答案：C2解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。答案：A3解析：细节理解题。根据第四段
42、中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知D项正确。答案：D4解析：主旨大意题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选C项。答案：C。广东省2014语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum. The new gum can _
43、1_ (remove) easily from pavements, shoes and clothes. Its the result of polymer (聚合体) research at the University of Bristol and could be launched commercially in 2008. _2_ it catches on(流行), the product will solve _3_ major headache for present authorities around the world.“The advantage of our Clea
44、n Gum is that _4_ has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be _5_ (environment) degradable (可降解的),” said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry _6 _ helped to found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.Todays chewing gums are made from synthetic(人工制造
45、的) latex(植物的乳汁), which is resistant _7_ the weather and is strongly sticky. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify(修改，改变) its properties(特性), _8 _ (make) it far _9 _ sticky.In two street trials, other commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement _10 _ Clean Gum came away(脱掉，脱落) naturally in
46、all cases. 【参考答案】（11）6. be removed 2. If 3. a 4. it 5. environmentally 6. who 7. to 8. making 9. less 10. while 语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】If the population of the Earth keeps on_1_(increase) at its present rate，there will_2_(event) not be enough resources left to support
47、life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century，if present trends continue，we_3_(use) up all the oil that drive our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on Earth will make it_4_(necessity) for us to look for somewhere else. Bu
48、t_5_of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem，_6_， has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagarn believes that_7_ the Earths resources are completely_8_(exhaust)，it will be possible to
49、 change the atmosphere of Venus and_9_create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. Something is difficult. Venus is much hotter than the Earth. _10_， there is only a tiny amount of water there.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.increasing2.eventually3.will have used4.necessary5.none6.however7.before8.exhausted9.therefore10.Besides
