1、专题15 8BU7-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题International charitiesReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态；被动语态的各个注意点知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1. 世界慈善组织 international charities ORBIS 奥比斯 Oxfam 乐施会 UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会WWF 世界自然基金会An injured large bird was saved by B staff in West Lake Nature Reserve, China. A. UNICEF B.W
2、WF C. Project Hope D. ORBIS2治愈（结果）cure 治疗 （过程） treat 治疗某人某病 treat sb with +病注意：80 percent of the hospitals are excellent.80 percent of the food is eaten by Tom 3.我们很多病人负担不了到医院看病。Many of our patients cant afford to go tot hospital.负担地起做某事 afford to do.买得起 afford sth4.我很自豪帮助人们重见光明，改善生活。I am proud to h
3、elp people see again and improve their lives.以.为自豪 be proud of sth做某事自豪 be proud to do 是的骄傲 be the pride of 5.分发传单 hand out leaflets -How will you help with the charity show next week? -We will _B_ leaflets to ask more people to take part in. A.put out B.hand out C.run out D.cut out-Jim, where is yo
4、ur hometown? You must _B_now. -Wait a minute, Sir.A. hand on it B.hand it in C.hand in it D.hand it on6.决定做某事 make up ones mind to do7.词形变化educate adj.教育education n.教育equal adj.平等的equally adv.平等地interview n./v.采访interviewer n.采访者blind adj.失明的blindness n.失明most adj.大部分mostly adv.主要地，大部分地medical adj.医
5、学的medicine n.医学,药treat v.治疗treatment n.治疗operate v.手术operation n.手术proud adj.自豪的pride n.自豪read v.读reader n.读者develop v.发展development n.发展include v.包括including prep.包括organize v.组织organization n.组织India n.印度Indian adj.印度的，印度人的 n.印度人office n. 办公室officer n.官员二、语法Grammar1. 一般现在时的被动语态现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/ar
6、e +done）如： This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。 I am asked to study hard. 我被要求努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀被用来割东西的。 These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态：1） Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2） This factory prod
7、uces machine tools. Machine tools are produced in this factory. 3） They often make fun of her. She is often made fun of. 4）We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.5）Do you wash your clothes very often? Are your clothes washed very often?6）Most people in the USA spe
8、ak English. English is spoken by most people in the USA.7)People speak English in many countries. English is spoken in many countries.8)Do you often clean your room? Is your room often cleaned by you?用所给动词适当形式填空。Usually the children here _are taken _(take )good care of .The room _is cleaned_(clean)
9、every day.2. 一般过去时的被动语态主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 过去分词(+ by + 施动者)构成。与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。句型格式：was / were + done 例： I was taught by Miss Zhao last year. Those letters were written by a famous writer.那些信是由一位有名作家写的。用所给动词适当形式填空。The cup _was washed_( wash ) yesterday .The book _was written_(write ) by
10、 Hanhan two years ago.主动语态和被动语态的转换1. 主动语态变为被动语态 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者2带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时
11、，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语； 若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语； 若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for； She gave me a book. (变为被动语态) I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语） A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语）3. 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短
12、语的介词或副词。 We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. 4.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song .（主动语态）She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动
13、语态to还原。see sb do sth（主动语态）sb be seen to do（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listen tomake、let、have （马兰花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况A.系动词无被动 The dish tastes delicious. The apple smells sweet. B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, sell ,read The play reads better than it acts. This kind of cloth washe
14、s well.(耐洗) The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。 The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来.” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”）C.Need+V-ing “需要被.” My car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理D. Tooto句型The box is too heavy to life.E.不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, ta
15、ke place, belong to,rise等比较 rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. 6.系表结构PK被动语态有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是
16、“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”eg:（1）（2）三、词组归纳1. international charities国际慈善机构2. have some pocket money left 还剩一些零花钱 have five kilometers left 还剩下五千米3. Its time for lunch. = Its time to have lunch.是吃午餐的时候了。4. have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐5. know about a charity called UNICEF 了解名叫“联合国儿童基金会”慈善机构6. help build a
17、better world for everyone 帮助为每个人建立一个更好的世界7. provide basic education for children in poor areas 为贫困地区的儿童们提供基础教育8. work for the equal rights of girls and women 为女孩和妇女的平等权利而工作9. prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people 预防年轻人中一些严重疾病的扩散10. tell us something about blindness 告诉我们关于失明的
18、一些事11. about 80 per cent of these cases 大约80%的病例12. have money for medical treatment 有钱接受医学治疗13. use its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas 用它的飞行眼科医院来拜访贫困地区14. volunteer doctors 志愿者医生15. be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心16. can afford to do sth 支付得起做某事17. be invited on board to learn about e
19、ye operations 被邀请到飞机上学习关于眼科手术18. teach them new skills教他们新的技能19. during my last visit在我上一次访问期间20. do operations on sb/ operate on sb 给某人做手术21. be proud to do sth 以做某事而自豪 be proud of 以为荣22. carry on (with sth) 继续开展，继续下去23. Thank you very much for your time. 非常感谢你的时间。24. cut a persons body open 给某人开刀2
20、5. the condition of being unable to see 不能看见东西的状态26. treat people with eye problems治疗有眼疾的人27. many more people 更多的人28. be set up 被建立，被设立29. be part of the United Nations 联合国的一部分30. after World War 第二次世界大战以后31. get toothache 牙疼32. look pale 看上去脸色苍白33. have a check 检查一下34. help poor people with eye pr
21、oblems see again 帮助患有眼疾的穷人重见光明35. make up ones mind to do sth 下定决心做某事36. attend these courses 出席这些课程37. travel over 300 days a year 一年中超过300天都在旅游38. get used to travelling by plane 习惯于乘飞机旅行39. have as much money as before 和以前有一样多的钱40.used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整日在农场上工作41. learn about the c
22、onditions of the local people 了解当地人们的情况42. enter a school 考入学校四、句型归纳1. More money is needed for charity. 慈善事业需要更多的钱。2. Im too weak to walk any further. 我太虚弱了而不能走更远。3. Many of our patients cant afford/dont have money to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. 我们的许多病人没钱去看病,所以我们不得不去他们那儿。4. By trainin
23、g them, we hope to help more people. 通过对他们进行培训，我们希望能帮助更多的人。5. Im proud to help people see again and improve their lives.帮助人们重见光明并改善他们的生活我很自豪。6. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured. 现代医学正迅速发展,现在大多数的眼睛问题和疾病能被治疗并治愈。7. But more money is n
24、eeded to carry on with our work.但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。8. How long have you felt like this? 你像这样多长时间了?9. A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops, including books.很多东西在乐施会的商店里出售，包括书籍。10. At that time, many childrens lives were changed because of the war.在那时，许多孩子的生活因为战争改变了。11. You can help by donating money
25、 or working as a volunteer.你能通过捐款或者作为志愿者工作来帮助。易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择（）1. She was seen _ at this time yesterday.A. danceB. dancingC. dancedD. to dance（）2. The meeting _ at 4 this afternoon.A. beganB. will beginC. is begunD. will be begin（）3. The man _for more than ten hours a day.A. made to workB. was made
26、 workingC. was made workD. was made to work（）4. The teacher must _ carefully in class.A. listenB. be listenedC. be listened toD. be listening（）5. A lot of tall buildings _in our city last year.A. are builtB. was builtC. were builtD. can be built（）6. Our classroom is clean and tidy. It _every day.A.
27、is cleanedB. is cleaningC. cleansD. cleaned（）7. How long may this book _?A. be keepingB. keptC. be keptD. is kept（）8. When your homework _, please hand it in.A. didB. doC. doneD. is done【答案】14 BBDC58 CACD二、主动被动互变1. People speak English in many countries._2. The bike is being repaired.(A worker)_3. H
28、e taught me Chinese last term._4. The reading room must be kept clean._5. Mum will buy me a T shirt tomorrow._6. She was seen reading a book.(I)_7. They let the dog go._8. The books have been taken from the library.(The little boy)_【答案】1.English is spoken in many countries ( by people ). 2.A worker
29、is repairing the bike3. Chinese was taught to me by him last term. 4. The students must keep the reading room clean.5. I will be bought a T shirt by Mum tomorrow./ A T shirt will be bought for me by Mum tomorrow.6. I saw her reading a book.7. The boy is let to go by them.8. The little boy has taken
30、the books away from the library.词汇句型部分：一、单词拼写1. I love Yangzhou, _(尤其是) in spring.2. Someone has left a window open_(粗心大意). 3. All the kids were surprised when they heard that a cow has four _ . (胃) 4. How long have you _(借) the book?5. He is patient enough to _(解释)the thing to us. 6. They have just
31、 had a _(discuss) about where to spend their holidays.7. When the guest entered the hall, Mrs Smith stood up and greeted him _ (polite).8. He was so tired out that he found himself _（able）to move out of the hotel.9. Living together with my friends was a great _ .(pleasant)10. Some husbands care less
32、 about their _ (wife) feelings and seldom help them do housework.【答案】1-5 especially carelessly stomachs kept explain 6-10 discussion politely unable pleasure wives二、翻译句子1. 这些生来就有严重眼疾的女孩们看不起病所以指望政府捐钱给她们。The girls_,so_.【答案】born with serious eye problems cant afford to go to hospital; they hope the gov
33、ernment donates money to them.2. 老师几天前建议我为UNICEF募集资金。I _.【答案】was advised to raise money for the UNICEF by my teacher the other day.3.他继续为病人动手术遇到了多大的困难啊！What _!【答案】a big problem he has carrying on operating on the patient4.我们应该传播知识来阻止人们倾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge _.【答案】should be spread by us to prevent people
34、 pouring rubbish into rivers.5.志愿者们还未下定决心为如此多的非洲人提供免费的医学治疗。Knowledge _.【答案】The volunteers havent made their mind to offer free treatment for so many Africans6. 这个男孩因为牙疼放弃了观看精彩的慈善演出。_.【答案】The boy gave up watching the amazing charity show because of toothache三、词汇拼写1. The Internet makes the （传播）of info
35、rmation become quicker and quicker.2. There are many beautiful flowers in our school, （尤其）in April and May.3. Modern medicine is developing so quickly that most eye problems and diseases can be_. (make an illness go away).4. Dr Wang has （cut a persons body open to take out or repair）on three people
36、with arm problems since 6 a.m.5. The weather suddenly became very cold, so there were many （people who are ill, especially in hospital）in that hospital. 6. As a Chinese, I am very _(自豪的) of the prosperity(繁荣) of our motherland.7. I havent saved enough money, so I cant _ to go abroad this summer.8. S
37、he had a_ (检查) on the guest list again and again to make sure of the number of people in the party.9. Please ask the _ (秘书) to my office. I have something important to tell them.10. . I think everyone should have the right to receive good (教育).11. Please pass me the _ (采访者) names to me .I want to kn
38、ow about them.12. Chinese people hope to get better _ (医疗的) treatment in the near future.13.Many children cant go to school, _(mainly )in mountain areas .14. The course covers many topics, _ the knowledge of English grammar.(包括)15. Thank you for _ （动手术）on them on the phone.16. Most _ （illness）can be
39、 cured by those doctors.17、The doctors didnt know what caused the old mans （失明）.18. He says his country wants to _ (发展) its friendship with China.19. In some countries, black people dont have the same (权利) as whites.20. We should treat everyone _.(平等地)【答案】1. spread 2. especially 3. cured 4. operated 5. patients 6. proud 7. afford 7. check 9. secretary 10. education 11. interviewer 12. medical 13. mostly 14. including 15. operating 16. diseases 17. blindness 18. develop 19. right 20. equally
