1、专题04 情态动词情态动词是英语语法的重要组成部分。它们是一种特殊的动词形式，表达一种情态，如可能性、必要性、建议、请求等。考题以情态动词的用法区分为主，侧重基本用法。另外，要注意情态动词的综合运用及特殊用法。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度基本用法重点考查情态动词基本词义辨析情态动词基本用法及区分特殊用法情态动词表示猜测肯定：mustshouldcouldmaymight否定：cantshouldntcouldntmay not表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。 考向
2、一 情态动词基本用法高频易混易错梳理/归纳情态动词基本用法例句can/could1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。4、cant. too /cant enough 再也不为过。The cinema can seat 1,000 people.Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?How can you be so careless?You cant be too careful when driving.may/migh
3、t在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you?May you succeed!must/have to1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。3、mustnt表示“禁止”；dont have to意思是“没有必要”= dont need to。4、must
4、可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。Everyone must obey the rule.My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.You must keep it a secret. You mustnt tell anyone.You dont have to tell me the secret.Truth must be out.When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the d
5、oor.must 肯定回答：Yes, .must. 否定回答：No,.neednt / dont have to.shall1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。Shall they wait outside?He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心）The interest
6、shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.should1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。One shouldnt be selfish.How should I know?He should be taking a bath now.Its a pity that you should be s
7、o careless.ought to1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。We ought to defend our country.Prices ought to come down soon.will1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。2、表请求，用于疑问句。3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Iwilldoanythingforyou.Willyouclosethewindow?Itsabitcold.Thedoorwontopen.would1、表意愿。2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。3、表过去反复发
8、生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.used to1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。2、否定：usednt to/didnt use to。区别：used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。He used to drink tea but now
9、 he drinks coffee.I usednt to go there./ I didnt use to go there.Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.need1、作情态动词：need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 mu
10、st，have to，ought to，或 should代替。否定：neednt do2、作实义动词：后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。肯定：need to do 否定：dont need to doYou neednt come so early.He needs to finish it this evening.He doesnt need to finish it this evening. dare1、作情态动词：主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。2、作实义动词：在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面
11、的不定式可以不带to。肯定：dare to do 否定：dont dare (to) doHe darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Yes, he dare./No, he darent.How dare you say Im unfair?If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.1（2022上海中考真题）_ I use your glue? Im making a kite. No problem. Here you are.AShouldBNeedCMustDMay2（20
12、21上海中考真题）_ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers Painting Exhibition?Sorry. The tickets are sold out.AMustBNeedCShouldDMay3（2020上海中考真题）According to the traffic law，children under 12_ride bicycles on the roadAwontBwouldntCneedntDmustnt4（2019上海中考真题）According to the rule，used batteries be dropped
13、in the red bin for harmful wastes.AmustBneedCcanDmay5（2018上海中考真题）-Must I do the project on my own?-No, you_.You can work with your classmates.AneedntBcantCshouldntDmustnt6（2017上海中考真题）_ I park my car here for a while?No, you mustnt. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?AWouldBMayCMustDShould7（2016上海中考真题）
14、A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.AoughtBneedCcanDmust8（2015上海中考真题）Mum, _ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?-Im afraid you cant . It is closed on Monday .AmustBmayCshouldDneed9（2014上海中考真题）All passengers _ go through safety check before they take a plane.AcanBmayCmustDcou
15、ld10（2013上海中考真题） Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? No，you_，sonYoure free to make your own decisionAcantBmustntCshouldntDneednt11（2012上海中考真题）You _ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.AmayBneedCshouldDought to考向二 情态动词特殊用法辨析高频易混易错梳理/归纳 1、shall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征
16、求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. should D. could2、 “had better+动词原形”意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+
17、动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。【考例】-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?-I would rather _ at home than _ football. Its too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing3、“used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。【考例】He used to _ in the sun, but now
18、 he is used to _ at night. A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading4、could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。否
19、定推测用cant。例如：【考例】You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. can B. may C. must D. need【考例】一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis?It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just nowAmust B. cant Ccould Dmight6、need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。ne
20、ed作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。1（2023上海黄浦统考一模）A: Must I wear the seat belt throughout the journey? B: No, you _.AcantBmustntCwouldnt
21、Dneednt2（2023上海闵行统考一模）It looks like rain. You _ water the plants in the garden any more.AmustntBcantCshouldntDneednt3（2023上海静安统考一模）“You _ wait in line. Its the rule here to pay for the goods one by one.” The lady said.AcanBneedCmustDmay4（2022上海杨浦统考二模）Take some warm clothes. The weather _ change very
22、 quickly in the mountains.AcanBshouldCmustDneed5（2022上海浦东新统考模拟预测）You _ talk to your father in such an impolite way. Youd better say sorry to him.AmustntBcanCshouldDneednt6（2022上海嘉定统考模拟预测）Look at the sign “No Feeding”. It means we _ not feed the animals here.AmayBmustCneedDought7（2022上海普陀统考二模）This wo
23、rk _ take longer than we thought, but we are not sure.AmayBshouldCneedDmust8（2022上海崇明统考模拟预测）In 20 years time, there _ be a new place the moon for you to take your vacation.AmayBneedCshouldDdare9（2022上海徐汇统考二模）Youd better _ too much time playing computer games.Anot spendBnot to spendCnot spentDnot spe
24、nding10（2022上海徐汇统考二模）We have rules in the classroom. We must _ or write on the desks and chairs.AdrawBto drawCnot drawDnot to draw11（2022上海虹口统考二模）As a rule the students_remain in their seats until all the papers are collected.Ahad betterBcanCmayDmust12（2022上海浦东新统考二模）You _ make a decision right now.
25、Think it over.AcantBmustntCneedntDmay not13（2022上海模拟预测） Have you prepared well for the coming weekend? You _ worry about it. I always have my plans ready before it comes.AshouldntBmustntCneedntDcant14（2022上海奉贤统考一模）_ he finish this task without any help in two days?AMayBCanCOught toDNeed15（2022上海模拟预测
26、）John! Youre having such a high fever. Youd better _ the doctor right now.Ato seeingBseeingCto seeDsee1（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）Is Mike knocking at the door?It _ be Mike. He is in America now.AneedntBmustntCcantDmay not2（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）You looked very tired today. You _ finish the work right now. Leave
27、it for tomorrow.AdontBneedntCmustntDcant3（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Maths isnt very difficult. You _ be afraid of it. You can come and ask for help.AmustntBcantCwouldntDneednt4（2023上上海普陀九年级统考期中）It is a rule that visitors _ touch the paintings at the exhibition.AneedntBmustntCmay notDwouldnt5（2023上上海杨浦九年级
28、统考期中）I heard you laughing in the meeting room. You _ be very happy.AcanBshouldCneedDmust6（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Could you tell me _?Awhere is the nearest supermarketBwhere the nearest supermarket isCwhere was the nearest supermarketDwhere the nearest supermarket was7（2023上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）We _ hurry all the
29、 way to the airport. The flight was cancelled because of the foggy weather.AmustntBcouldntCneedntDshouldnt8（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）David _ be at home, for no one answers the phone.AmustBmustntCcanDcant9（2022下上海金山九年级校考期中）We _ worry about the coming flood too much, for the government has taken immediate ac
30、tion to fight against it.AmustntBneedntCcantDdont need10（2022下上海静安九年级上海市市西中学校考期中）In order to keep healthy, you _ to do enough exercise and have a good diet.AoughtBcanCmustDshould11（2022上上海徐汇九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Im afraid I _ go now. Its going to rain in an hour.AneedBcanCmayDhave to12（2022上上海长宁九年级上海市新泾中
31、学校考期中）After a long walk, the old man _ be very tired now.AmustBshouldCneedDcan13（2022上上海宝山九年级统考期中） May I use your bike this afternoon, Peter? Oh, Im afraid you _. John and I will go cycling this afternoon.AmustntBcantCneedntDshouldnt14（2022上上海嘉定九年级统考期中） _ I use your dictionary? I want to look up a w
32、ord. No problem. Here you are.AShouldBNeedCMustDMay15（2022上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）I saw Miss Li in the school library five minutes ago, and she _ be in her office now.AmayBmustCmustntDcant16（2022上上海普陀九年级统考期中）A lot of wild animals are in danger and _ disappear from the earth in the future.AmustBneedCshouldDmay1
33、7（2023上上海普陀九年级校考期末）Communicating with different people _ help children learn to get along with others.AshouldBneedCcanDmust18（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Alice, you had better _ the link method if you want to improve your memory.AuseBto usingCto useDusing19（2023上海黄浦统考三模）Children _ eat too much chocolate. Its
34、bad for their teeth.Amay notBought notCcould notDshould not20（2023上海杨浦统考三模）It _ rain, so please bring an umbrella with you.AmayBshouldCmustDcould21（2023上海杨浦统考二模）Linda, Im afraid we cant complete the model spaceship this afternoon. Well, we _ finish it today. Its fine if we give it to Mr. Wang tomorr
35、ow.AcantBneedntCmustntDshouldnt22（2023上海浦东新统考三模）Be careful not to catch a flu. You _ keep yourself warm and have a healthy diet.AcanBshouldCmayDneed23（2023上海青浦统考二模）Lisa _ arrive at the station before 9 a.m., or she will miss the train.AshouldBcanCmustDmay24（2023上海静安统考二模）You _ worry too much about yo
36、ur lessons. Rest a few days, and we will help you.AneedntBcouldntCcantDmustnt25（2023上海宝山统考二模）Must I go to the university and bean engineer like you, Dad?No, you _, son. Youre old enough to make your own decisions.AcantBmustntCneedntDshouldnt26（2023上海普陀统考二模）_ I ask a question about the project, Sir?S
37、ure. Go ahead.AShouldBMayCNeedDMust27（2023上海奉贤统考二模）You dont need to be very professional when you do some jobs, but you _ serious when you do any job.Acan beBcant beCmust beDmustnt be28（2023上海嘉定统考二模）According to the traffic rules, kids under 12 _ sit in the front seat of a car.AmustntBcantCshouldtDneednt29（2023上海虹口统考二模）In our school, all students _ wear school uniforms on weekdays.AmayBcanCmustDought30（2023上海徐汇统考二模）The amazing walking tools _ allow you to walk up to 11 kilometers an hour.AneedBcanCmustDshould
