1、阅读与写作(6)定语从句自然灾害类自然灾害是地球上的自然变异，包括人类活动诱发的自然变异，无时无地不在发生，当这种变异给人类带来危害时，即构成自然灾害。其中地震、火山、泥石流、海啸、台风、洪水等突发自然灾害会给人们生活带来重大影响。美文赏析So_heres_the_bad_news_for_the_5.3_million_New_York_City_workers_who_depend_on_the_subways_to_get_from_place_to_place：The entire systemall 1,050 km and 468 stations of itis shut dow
2、n，much of it flooded with corrosive(腐蚀性的)salt water.The Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) freely admits it has never faced anything like the severe damage from Hurricane Sandy，and has absolutely no idea when the system will be up and running.“Well know it after everything is done，”says MTA spokes
3、man Charles Seaton.But the good news iswell，never mind. There isnt any.Really，its that bad，and if theres no telling when things will be repaired，theres even less ways of knowing what the eventual price tag will be.Yes，there are lessons to be learned from the current emergency for both New York itsel
4、f and urban planners everywhere；the question is whether theyll be heeded.New Yorks woes(难题)are partly a function.New Yorks subway system is 108 years old.Its tunnels and stations are located close to or under rivers and harbors，and water seepage(渗水)is unavoidable.“We have three pump trains,300 pump
5、rooms and dozens of portable pumps around the system，”says Seaton.“Even on a day when theres no rain，we pump out 13 million gallons of water.”Hurricane Sandy，of course，put a lot more stress on the system than an ordinary rainless day.Flood water in lower Manhattan rose to 4.2 m，beating the record of
6、 3 m set by Hurricane Donna in 1960.Much of Manhattan below 40th St.is without electricity.No subway system will ever be truly immune to weather events.This is especially so in great cities like New York，whose very greatness in part depends on their nearness to rivers，harbors and other bodies of wat
7、er.But spending money on the citys basic transport system is perfectly possible，and indeed essential.That kind of preventive investment always seems too expensive at first，but only until youre suddenly faced with the much higher repair bills New York is dealing with today.And as oceans continue to w
8、arm and sea levels continue to rise，the problem is only getting worse.In the past 20 years，Hurricanes Andrew，Floyd，Katrina，Rita，Dean，Irene，Isaac and others have tried to remind us of that simple truth.Now Hurricane Sandy is adding her voice.One of these days，we might actually listen.【解题导语】本文是议论文。作者分
9、析了飓风“桑迪”导致纽约地铁被淹的原因，并提出了建议。一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇severe adj.严重的tag n标签current adj.当前的，现在的function n功能；作用；职能The function of a cashmachine is to provide people with cash when bank is shut.自动提款机的作用是在银行已关闭的时候让人提取现金。immune adj.不受影响的They are always so rude that Ive almost become immune to it.他们总是如此粗暴无礼，我都几乎习以为常了。
10、essential adj.基本的2攻克疑难句That kind of preventive investment always seems too expensive at first，but only until youre suddenly faced with the much higher repair bills New York is dealing with today.结构分析本句为主从复合句。until引导时间状语从句；New York is dealing with today是定语从句，修饰repair bills。尝试翻译这种预防性的投资开始看起来太昂贵了，但是当你突
11、然遇到了今天纽约面临的高额维修费用时，你就不会这样觉得了。二、理解与书面表达1理解文章主旨The passage mainly tells us the_reasons_why_the_subways_in_New_York_was_flooded_by_Hurricane_Sandy_and_some_suggestions_to_improve_the_citys_basic_transport_system2理解与书面表达文中画线的句子结构除使用了倒装句式之外，还使用了_从句。答案定语3精通句式：定语从句(1)说明在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句，定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，熟练
12、地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。引导定语从句的关系词主要有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why两大类。关系代词代表先行词，并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词代表先行词，并在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。此外还有关系词as及其构成的the same.as.；such.as.句式。(2)例句感悟The child who is reading there is the monitor.I will never forget the day w
13、hen I joined the army.This is the best film that I have ever seen.I live in the house whose windows open to the south.As a child，he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived.(3)用定语从句翻译下面的句子你们是一支全球闻名的乐队。_我写这份电子邮件想向您征求一些建议，这些建议能帮助我们成立乐队。_我们对你们唱的歌曲很感兴趣。_我们也想学习你们唱歌的方法。_我们想
14、让你们给我们的乐队起个名字。_答案You are a music band that is wellknown all over the world.Im writing this Email to ask you for some suggestions，which can help us form a band.We are all interested the songs that you sing.We also want to learn the way you sing the songs.We also want a band name that you give us.(4)假
15、如你是李华，加入适当的连词或句子将上面的五句话改写成一封给凤凰传奇(Phoenix Legend)的电子邮件。_【参考范文】Dear Phoenix Legend，Im Li Hua.Since you are a music band that is wellknown all over the world，Im writing this Email to ask you for some suggestions，which can help us form a band.We are all interested in the songs that you sing.Whats more，we also want to learn the way you sing the songs.And we also want a band name that you give us.Wed appreciate it if you can help us.Looking forward to your reply.Best wishes!Li Hua.
