1、Chapter I China in Brief中国概况Lesson 1 Brief Introduction to China中国简介Name of the countryThe Peoples Republic of ChinaCapital cityBeijing is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China. 43.5 meters above sea level, Beijing covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers and has a resident population of 21
2、.7 million (the year 2017). Under the citys control there are 10 districts and 8 counties.Beijings history as a city can date back to 3,000 years ago. Its time-honored history left Beijing plenty of historical relics and colorful customs. As the center of the country, here gathers the offices of the
3、 Party, the Government and the Military, as well as headquarters of national companies, industrial associations and financial institutions. Beijing is in the central place of the nations financial decisions and macro-control. It is also Chinas most prosperous city in terms of science, education and
4、culture, because it covers all subjects of sciences and has strong research capabilities. Beijing is the communication pivot between China and the international community and, the most important center for international exchanges.PopulationChina has a population over 1.39 billion people (the year 20
5、17), and over 58.52% of the total (the year 2017) are distributed in urban area. Strict population controls was in place for several decades, but now two-child policy has been carried out.AreaChina has a territory area of 9.6 million square km, second to Russia and Canada, with a sea area of about 4
6、.73 million square kilometers.LocationIn East Asia, border on the west Pacific OceanNational flagThe National Flag of the PRC is a red rectangle emblazoned with five stars. The proportion of its length and height is 3 to 2. The upper left of the face of the Flag is set with five yellow five-pointed
7、stars. One of the stars is bigger than the others, with its circumcircles diameter being three-tenth of the height of the Flag, and is placed in the left; the other four stars are smaller, with their circumcircles diameter being one-tenth of the height of the Flag, surrounding the big star on its ri
8、ght in the shape of an arch.National anthemMarch of the Volunteers (lines: Arise, those who do not want to be slaves! We will use our flesh and blood to build another Great Wall. China has reached the brink of national collapse. All the people have been making their last outcry. Arise! Arise! Arise!
9、 All our hearts become one. Let us face the enemys gunfire. March on! Let us face the enemys gunfire. March on! March on! March on! On!)National EmblemThe National Emblem of the PRC features Tiananmen Gate beneath the five shining stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a cogwheel at the bottom.
10、The ears of grain, stars, Tiananmen and cogwheel are gold; the field within the circle is red, as are the ribbons festooning the bottom of the circle.National flowerPeonyNational Animalgiant pandas Ethnic groupsThere are 56 ethnic groups in China. The Han people make up 92 percent of the countrys to
11、tal population, totaling 1159.4 million; and the other 55 ethnic groups, 8 percent, totaling 106.43 million.LanguagesOf the 56 ethnic groups in China, the Hui and Manchu use the same language as Han people, while the rest groups have their own spoken and written languages.Written languages23 ethnic
12、groups have their own characters.ReligionThe main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, and Catholicism. Chinese citizens right of the freedom of religious belief is protected by the Constitution and laws.Main festivalsNew Years Day (January 1), the Spring Festival (the New Years Day
13、by Chinese lunar calendar), International Labor Day (May 1), and the National Day (October 1)CurrencyRenminbi (RMB) yuanTime difference8 hours earlier than the GreenwichClimateMost of the country is in the temperate zone, although geographically the country stretches from the tropical and subtropica
14、l zones in the south to the frigid zone in the north.TopographyHigh in its west and low in its east: mountain areas 33.3%, plateaus 26%, basins 18.8%, plains 12% and hills 9.9%.MountainsAmong the 19 mountains over 7,000 meters high in the world, seven are in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known a
15、s the roof of the world, has many high mountains. The Himalayas, with an average elevation of 6,000 meters, have the worlds highest peak Mount Qomolangma, 8,848 meters above sea level.RiversThe Yangtze River, 6,300 km long, is the third longest in the world after the Nile and the Amazon. The Yellow
16、River, the second longest in China, stretching 5,464 km.CanalThe Grand Canal, 1,801 km long, is the longest man-made river in the world. Its cutting began in the fifth century BC.LakesThe Poyang Lake on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is Chinas largest freshwater lake, with an area
17、 of 3583 sq. km; the Qinghai Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the countrys largest salt lake, covering 4583 sq. km.HistoryChina is one of the worlds oldest civilizations with a chronicled history of more than 5,000 years. China has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society,
18、feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society. In 221 BC, Qinshihuang established the Qin Dynasty, the first feudal autocracy in Chinese history, therefore unveiling a 2,000-year period of feudalism which was to last through a succession of dynasties such as
19、the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, a period which finally met its end in the bourgeois democratic Revolution of 1911 by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. October 1, 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.Famous Tourist AttractionsTiananmen Square, Badaling Great Wall, the Imperial Palace, the
20、Summer Palace, the Water Cube, Chengde Imperial Summer Resort, Hulunbuir Pasture Land, Shenyang Imperial Palace, the Bund, the Oriental Pearl Tower, Mount Huang, Mount Lu, Mount Tai, the Longmen Grottoes, the Three Gorges, the Potala Palace, figurines of soldiers and horses from the Qin Mausoleum.Tr
21、aditional FestivalsSpring Festival, New Years Day, Lantern Festival, National Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Festival.（1000 words）Helper:urban :bn 都市的 territory teritri 领土 rectangle rektl 数长方形 emblazon mblezn 用纹章装饰 diameter daimit 直径 brink brk 边缘 collapse klps 倒塌 outcr
22、y atkra 高声叫喊，公开反对 circumcircle skmskl 外接圆emblem emblm 徽章 ear i 穗 cogwheel kgwi:l 钝齿轮 ribbon ribn 绶带, 带状物 festoon festu:n 在饰以花彩 peony pi:n 牡丹ethnic enk 种族的 Christianity krstinti 基督教 Catholicism klszm 天主教 temperate temprt 温和的 tropical trpikl 热带的 frigid frdd 寒冷的 plateau pltu 高原 elevation elven 海拔 peak
23、pi:k 山峰The Grand Canal大运河 chronicle krnkl 编年史，记录 primitive primitiv 原始的 feudal fju:dl 封建的 autocracy :tkrsi 独裁 unveil nveil 拉开的帷幔 bourgeoisbuw: 资产阶级的 democratic demkrtik 民主的 Chinese Brief Introduction: 中国（China），位于东亚，是一个以华夏文明为主体、中华文化为基础，以汉族为主要民族的统一多民族国家，通用汉语。中国疆域内的各个民族统称为中华民族，龙是中华民族的象征。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，
24、有着悠久的历史，距今约5000年前，以中原地区为中心开始出现聚落组织进而成国家和朝代，后历经多次演变和朝代更迭，持续时间较长的朝代有夏、商、周、汉、晋、唐、宋、元、明、清等。中原王朝历史上不断与北方游牧民族交往、征战，众多民族融合成为中华民族。20世纪初辛亥革命后，中国的君主政体退出历史舞台，取而代之的是共和政体。1949年中华人民共和国成立后，在中国大陆建立了人民代表大会制度的政体。中国有着多彩的民俗文化，传统艺术形式有诗词、戏曲、书法和国画等，春节、元宵、清明、端午、中秋、重阳等是中国重要的传统节日。Exercise:I. Questions:1. Describe the Nationa
25、l Flag and its meaning.2. Describe the National Emblem and its meaning.3. Please list some main festivals of China?4. Which time zone does China lie in?5. What is The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau known as ?6. Which is the longest river in China?7. Please list some famous tourist attractions in China.8. Ple
26、ase list some typical traditional festivals.II. Reading and Writing 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。On September1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was officially established, which marked the establishment of the peoples democratic power in Tibet. From then on, the Tibetan people enjoyed the right to
27、 administer their own affairs and, together with the people throughout the country, engaged in the socialist development. Nowadays, the Tibet Autonomous Region, covering one-eighth of Chinas territory with a population of 2.8 million, has developed rapidly in recent years. China is a multi-ethnic co
28、untry and Tibet is an inalienable(不可分割的) part of China. For more than 700 years the central government of China has continuously exercised sovereignty over Tibet. No government of any country in the world has ever recognized Tibet as an independent state. Anyone must be denounced(谴责) if he tries to
29、split his motherland. British Foreign Secretary Lord Lansdowne, in a formal instruction in 1904, called Tibet a province of the Chinese Empire. In his speech, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said, Over the past several hundred years, as far as I know, at no time has any foreign country denied
30、 Chinas sovereignty over Tibet. The Dalai clique and overseas anti-China forces used to claim that between the 1911 Revolution and the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, Tibet became a country exercising full authority. However, many historical facts denied such a fallacy(谬论). The so
31、-called Tibetan independence which the Dalai clique and overseas anti-China forces spread is nothing but a fiction of the imperialists who committed aggression against China in modern history. Never will they succeed.写作内容1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点。2. 然后以约120个词就 “西藏是中国领土不可分割的一部分” 的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：(1) 自古以来，西藏就是中
32、国的领土，西藏历史源远流长；(2) 在中央政府的大力支持下，西藏在经济、政治、文化等方面都得到了很好的发展；(3) 达赖分裂祖国的行为必将受到热爱和平的中国人民和全世界华人的强烈谴责；(4) 作为中学生，你认为该怎么做？写作要求(1) 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；(2) 标题自定。评分标准概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 III. Written work:1. 根据提示， 写一篇介绍台湾的短文，词数在120左右。 (1) 台湾的地理位置：太平洋西部北临中国东海，东南接南海，与福建隔台湾海峡（strait）相望。 (2
33、) 台湾是我国最大的岛屿。其面积约三万六千平方千米，人口两千多万。 (3) 自然资源丰富，香蕉，稻米，茶叶等农产品驰名中外。 (4) 风景优美，气候宜人，世界各地的游客纷至沓来。台湾自古以来就是我国的一部分。岛内绝大多数居民来自福建和广东。海峡两岸人民都有统一祖国的强烈 愿望 2. 根据下面的提示，写一篇题为“我们伟大的社会主义（socialist）祖国”的短文。字数：80100。 提示：(1) 我国有十三亿多人口，是世界上最大的国家之一。首都是北京。(2) 我国人民勤劳勇敢，具有光荣的革命传统（tradition）。(3) 一九四九年解放后，我国发生了巨大的变化。(4) 我国人民为了把自己的
34、国家建设成为一个强大的社会主义国家，正在辛勤劳动。3. 书面表达：根据提示，写一篇100120词的短文，介绍中国的情况。（1）中国位于亚洲的东部，是世界上第三大国家，面积有9，600，000平方公里，境内河流中长江和黄河是两条最长最重要的河流。西部有大面积的沙漠。（2）中国历史悠久，有56个民族，十多亿人口，其中汉族人口最多。（3）北京是中国的首都。（4）中国是个发展中国家。全国人民会把自己的国家建设得更加富强。参考词汇：长江 Yangtze River 黄河 Yellow River短文的开头已经为你写好。China is situated in the east of Asia. _Sug
35、gested answers:II. Reading and WritingTibet is a part of ChinaThe establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region has enabled the local people to become masters of their own affairs, which promotes the development of Tibet. Tibet is part of China, never to be independent.As we all know, Tibet has been
36、an inalienable part of the Chinese territory since ancient times. It has a long history. Before its liberation, there was no modern industry or highways. However, since the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet has witnessed significant progress in economic, political and cultural developme
37、nt, thanks to the great support from the central government. To our dissatisfaction, the Dalai clique and some overseas anti-China forces has done something that is against the will of all peace-loving Chinese people at home and abroad. They are bound to be strongly denounced. As middle school stude
38、nts, we also strongly protest anyone who splits our motherland. Meanwhile, we must study hard and try our best to make our country more powerful. III. Written work:1.Taiwan is situated in the west of the Pacific Ocean. North of it lies the East China Sea and southeast of it the South Sea. The Taiwan
39、 Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. Taiwan is the largest island in China, which has an area of about 36,000 square kilometers and has a population of over 20,000,000. Its rich in natural resources. Bananas, rice, tea and so on are famous all over the world. The scenery is so beautiful and the cli
40、mate is so pleasant that travelers throughout the world come for a visit. Taiwan has been part of China since ancient times. Most people of the island came from Fujian and Guangdong. All the people on both sides of the strait have a strong wish to unite our motherland.2. Our Great Socialist Motherla
41、ndOur great motherland is one of the largest countries in the world. It has a population of over thirteen hundred million. Peking is its capital. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. We have a glorious revolutionary tradition. We drove out Japanese invaders and overthrew Kuomingtang government. In 1949 the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Since then great changes have taken place in our motherland. Now our country is getting stronger and stronger. We Chinese people are working hard to make our motherland into a powerful socialist country.
