1、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。一、虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式1.用在虚拟条件句中虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should +动词原形were to +动词原形would / should / might / could +动词原形现在动词过去式(be用were)would / should / might / could +动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / c
2、ould have +动词过去分词例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.例3：She would have come if we had invited her.注：如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如：1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate
3、preparations, we might have succeeded.2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.2. 用在含蓄条件句中句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：1)Without music, the world would be a dull p
4、lace.2)But for your help, we would have failed.3)She would have gone with us, but she didnt have time.4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.3.用在错综时间条件句中有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如：1)If you hadnt watched television so late, you woul
5、dnt be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反)2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)4.用在wish后的宾语从句中这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如：1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实
6、相反)2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设)若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。 1)I wish you would help us.2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.5.用在if only感叹句中当表示“但愿”，“要是就好”时，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。例如：1)If only I knew what yo
7、u wanted.2)If only you hadnt told him what I said, everything would have been all right.6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，用一般过去时。例如：1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.2)It seems as if it were spring.7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中例1：He
8、wastheverypersonIshouldhavebeenwishedtosee.例2：Its(high)timethatwewenttoclass.8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择，仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中例1：Idrathertheycametomorrow.例2：HedratherIwenttoFuzhoubysea.例3：Idjustassoonyoudidntwatchtelevisionthisevening. 但hadrather,wouldrather,wouldjustassoon,wouldsooner等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加to的动词不定式。例如：1)
9、Idratherdiethangiveupmyprinciple.2)Idjustassoon(wouldsooner)resignthantakepartinsuchdishonestdeals.二、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气1.should+动词原形(有时省略should)(1)advise,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge等后的宾语从句中。 1)Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendadelegationtotheircountry
10、.2)Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost.(2)用在itissuggested,itisdesired,itisrequired,itwasordered,itwasproposed,ithasbeendecided,itisnecessary(essential,imperative,important,desirable)that等引出的主语从句中。 1)Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.2)Itisnecessarythattheteacher(should)haveathorou
11、ghknowledgeofthesubjectheteaches.(3)用在suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendation,plan,idea,requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句例如：Heputhiscoatoverthechildlestheshouldcatchcold.2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中例如：Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中例如：Itishightimeyouhandedinyourtestpaper4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中例1：IwishIwereasstrongasyou.例2：Heinsistedthatwe(should)takeupthematteratthemeeting.5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中例1：Couldyousparemeafewminutes?例2：Youmighthavetoldmeearlier.例3：Hadntyoubettergoandseeyoudentistaboutthattooth?6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中例1：Longliveworldpeace.例2：Mayyousucceed.
