1、2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题一 语法和词汇知识之代词、数词和介词（2）（新课标）【专题考点】1 考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法及其他代词2 考查数词的基本用法3 考查介词及其短语的辨析和介词的搭配【典例探究】1.（2010福建卷T 22）. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing【解析】选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生的时候，请为我说点什么好吗？something可
2、用于疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，与语境相符。【知识拓展】不定代词的常见考点不定代词的考点常见的有：1. none/no one：none可用于表示人或物，可接 of，有范围的限定，其谓语的数可单可复；no one通常只表示人，不接of，无范围的限定。2. each/every：each 和every着眼点不同，范围也不同，前者重在个体，表两者或两者以上；后者着眼于整体，表三者或三者以上。3. either/neither：either两者中任一个；neither 两者中没有一个。4. other/another：other泛指“另外的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但前面有the、
3、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词时，可与单数可数名词连用。another是由不定冠词an和other合并构成，通常代替或修饰可数的单数名词，意思是“任一”、“再一”。2.（2010山东卷T32）Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A. it B. that C. what D. one【解析】选D。考查代词用法。 句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。分析句子结构可知，habit之后的空格处为同位语部分，用one相当于a habit, 空处后的部分为定
4、语从句部分，修饰one, 其后省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which或that, 作learn的宾语。 【知识拓展】 “代词作同位语”考点剖析将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现，通过比较我们可以发现某些高考题的相似之处。(2002全国I) Meeting my uncle
5、 after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what【解析】选B, 此句中用one替代a moment，作an unforgettable moment的同位语，泛指值得我珍惜的那样一个时刻。又如Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.同时仔细研究题目的四个选项，我们也可以看出，山东高考题只是2002年全国卷的
6、一个翻新版而已。3.（2010江苏卷T29）So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _ ideal. We have to work still harder.A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to 【解析】选B。考查固定短语意义的辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来打造低碳经济，但是还远不理想。我们还必须更加努力工作。本题考查固定短语的辨析：next to意为“几乎，差不多；紧邻着”，与句意相反；far from意为“远非；远离”，后面常常接名
7、词或者形容词；out of意为“从里；出于”；due to意为“由于”，后面常常接名词，可以作表语或者原因状语，相当于because of。根据句意选择B项。4（2010湖北卷T30）It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 【解析】选D。考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：公务员用自己对他人的格外关照作交换而向他人索要钱物的行为
8、是非法的。根据句意，in exchange for 用作交换，换取；符合题意，因此选择D。in preference to 优先于；in place of 代替；in agreement with 与一致；均不合题意。5.（2010江西卷T 29） We give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and , dogs gives us their all.A. in allB. in factC. in shortD. in return【解析】选D 。考查介词词组辨析。句意： 我们给狗我们所能够抽出的时间、空间和爱， 作为回报， 狗给予我们他们
9、的一切。in all 总共； in fact 事实上；in short 简言之； in return 作为回报。【跟踪演练】1.（2011福建省福州市八县联考）After watching the movie Inception盗梦空间, I bought some DVD copies of the film, but now is left.A. noneB. nothing C. no one D. neither2（2011吉林东北师大附中模拟）It was our optimism and faith _ Shackleton that had helped us persevere
10、 _ staying aliveAwith; onBin; at Cfor; in Din; in 3（2010河南省开封市二模）24For quite students, their teachers advice is more important than of their parents.Afew; oneBa few; thatCa little; someDa lot; many4（2011吉林实验中学二模）Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for study.AnothingBno oneCneither Dnone5（2
11、010吉林省实验中学二模）6. _ went to see our professor last week. A. I, he and you B. He, I and you C. You , he and I D. I, you and he6（2010吉林省实验中学二模）28. Not far from the club , there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children. A. whose B. its C. of which D. in which7（2010湖南省长沙市一中二模）28
12、. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _ immediately.A. toB. atC. onD. with8（2010河南省开封市二模）33China has produced many great writers over the last ten years, Mo Yan.Aamong them wasBamong whom wasCin which wasDamong whom were9 （2010吉林省实验中学二模）36. Measures have been taken to s
13、olve the problem, but it may be some time _ the situation improves. A. since B. when C. unless D. before10（2010江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）25The fire spread fastLuckily the local government had brought it under control the situation got worse Athough Buntil Cbefore Dsince11 Its a mistake to think of Florida only _
14、its tourist attractions. A. in addition to B. by way ofC. in terms of D. by means of12. Weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _we like yet. A. one B. other C. it D. that13. This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear_. A. in no time B. on the
15、 timeC. at a time D. at one time14. _not like Jim to be late for class. He is always on time. A. Heres B. Thats C. Its D. Theres15. Shelly didnt allow her failure in the exam to discourage her._ , she began to work harder than before. A. On the contrary B. In additionC. In conclusion D. On the whole
16、16. Where shall we go to spend the weekend? Nowhere_, anywhere you like. A. in all B. in generalC. in case D. in particular17. Where did you get your laptop? Id like to get one. Well, at _shop on Avenue 48, but I cant say exactly. A. some B. any C. each D. every18. Because Henry and Mark had to work
17、, _of them came yesterday. A. both B. none C. neither D. either19. The number 5. 12 is a special number, _, I think, that will be remembered by Chinese people forever. A. what B. it C. which D. one20. Could you please buy me an MP4 as well as a digital camera, Mum? You can choose_, not both, my dear
18、. A. each B. any C. either D. none21. Equipped with modern facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from _of the past. A. that B. those C. one D. ones22. The Sino-U. S. relations, although they have experienced twists and turns in the past, _have moved forward. A. in return B. in turnC. on t
19、he whole D. on the other hand23. Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is _of much risk. A. ones B. one C. that D. those24. Mary, I have got a new cellphone number!Oh, hold on. Ill put it down just_. A. in need B. in case C. in time D. in
20、use25. How about your present salary? My basic salary is about $500 and _Ill receive some extra income. A. in general B. in additionC. in public D. in common26._ of the land in that county _covered with green plants and beautiful flowers. A. Two third; areB. Two thirds; isC. Two third; isD. Two thir
21、ds; are27. She went to the bookstore and bought_. A. dozen books B. dozens booksC. dozen of books D. dozens of books28. It is reported that the floods have left about _people homeless. A. two thousand B. Two-thousandsC. two thousands D. two thousands of29. It took us quite a long time to get there.
22、It was _journey. A. three-hour B. a three hourC. a three-hour D. three hours30. _people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many millionsC. Several millions D. Many million答案1A 2D3 B 4 D 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C11【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：认为佛罗里达只在旅游方面有吸引力是错误的。in
23、 terms of就而言; in addition to除了, 此外; by way of经由; by means of通过方式。12.【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：我们一直在找便宜的房子, 但是还没找到一所我们喜欢的。此处表示泛指, 代替单数可数名词, 故用one。it用来代指上文提到的同一个事物。13.【解析】选A。考查介词短语。in no time立即; at a time每次; at one time一度, 曾经。14.【解析】选C。考查代词。分析句子结构可知, 该句中缺少主语, 故用it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。15.【解析】选A。考查介词短语的用法。句意为
24、：Shelly不允许考试不及格使自己失去信心, 相反她比以前学习更努力了。on the contrary相反地; in addition另外; in conclusion最后, 总之; on the whole总的来说。16.【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意为：我们到什么地方去过周末? 没有什么特别的地方, 你喜欢的地方就行。in all总共; in general总的来说, 一般来说; in case以防, 万一; in particular尤其, 特别。17.【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。some此处表示“某个”。any一些, 任何一个; each表示两者或两者以上的每一个, every表
25、示三者或三者以上的每一个。18.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意：因为亨利和马克要工作, 所以昨天两人都没来。“两者都不”用neither; “两者都”用both; “三者（以上）都不”用none; “两者之一”用either。19.【解析】选D。考查代词。此处one指代a special number, 在句中充当同位语, 意为“某个, 一个”本题的解题关键是弄清楚I think为插入语。20.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。语境为：你可以任选其一, 但不是两个。either(两者中的)一个, each两者或两者以上每一个; any一些, 任何一个; none三者（以上）都不。21.【解析】
26、选B。考查代词的用法。句意为：因为装备了现代化的设施, 现在的医院已经完全不同于过去的医院了。将本句补全后为：Equipped with modern facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from the hospitals of the past. 然后考虑用those替代特指的复数名词。22.【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：中美关系虽然历经波折, 但总的来说还是向前发展的。in return作为回报; in turn轮流, 反过来; on the whole总的来说, 总而言之; on the other hand另一方
27、面。根据语境用on the whole。23.【解析】选B。考查代词的用法。此处不定代词one代指one step。句意：一些专家警告说美国政府处理当前危机的措施是一项很危险的措施。24.【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意为：我把你的新手机号码记下来, 以防万一。(just) in case以防万一, 以防; in need在危难中, 在危急中; in time及时; in use在使用中。25.【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。in general总的来说; in addition另外; in public公开地; in common共有, 有共同之处。由句意：“我的基本工资约为500美元, 此外还
28、会有一些额外收入”可知, B项正确。26.【解析】选B。英语中的分数由基数词和序数词构成, 基数词作分子, 序数词作分母, 当分子大于1时分母要用复数; 分数+名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数由名词的数来决定。27.【解析】选D。句意：她去了书店, 买了许多书。dozens of也是表示不确切的数量, 意思是“许多, 几十”, 这种约数的表达常用“复数名词+of+名词/代词”构成, 除dozen外, 还有hundreds/thousands/millions/scores of. . . 。28.【解析】选A。句意为：据报道洪水已经使大约2 000多人无家可归。当dozen, score, hun
29、dred, thousand, million前有具体数字时, 都要用单数形式。29.【解析】选C。数词+名词构成复合形容词作定语。此时名词要用单数形式。30.【解析】选A。与数词或several等连用时, million不加-s。【真题在线】1. （2010 全国卷IT23） Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing.A. another B. the other C. others D. other2. (2010全国卷IIT12)Neither side is prepared
30、to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other3. (2010全国卷IIT14)The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it4. （2010安徽卷T21）You are the team star! Working with _is really your cup of tea.A. both B.
31、either C. others D. the other5.（2010重庆卷T23）.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.A. neither B. either C. each D. all6. （2010江西卷T 27）Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A. somethingB. anything C. nothingD. everythi
32、ng7.（2010辽宁卷T33）.The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that countryA . so B. much C. that D. it8. （2009全国卷T 34）Everybody was touched_ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in9. （2009全国卷T 7）Charles was alone at home, with _looking after
33、 him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one10.（2009全国卷T 12）The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get _completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones11.（2009全国卷T 13）Jenny nearly missed the flight _doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of 12.（2009北京T
34、29）The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C. with D. from13. （2009北京T 35）Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him14.（2009湖北T 29）You
35、d sound a lot more polite if you make a request _a question. A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 15.（2009湖北T 30）His efforts to raise money for his program were_ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sightC. in ef
36、fect D. in vain 16.（2009湖南T 22）Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. A. to; by B. by; toC. for; to D. in; on 17.（2009陕西T 8）He invited me to a dance after the show _Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 18.（2009陕西T 10）Jane was asked a
37、lot of questions, but she didnt answer _of them. A. other B. any C. none D. some 19.（2009重庆T 21）Try on this red skirt; you will look great_ it. A. on B. by C. in D. for 20.（2009重庆T 22）Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in _way or another for the better. A. any B. one C.
38、 every D. either 21.（2009山东T 23）I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face_ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 22. （2009山东T 33）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around 23.（2009福建T
39、 23）How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!Its a challenge, I guess, _man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about24.（2009天津T 10）The art show was _being a failure; it was a great success. A. far from B. along withC. next to D. regardless of 25.（2009辽宁T 28）_is the power of TV
40、that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 26.（2009辽宁T 32）Children need friends _their own age to play with. A. of B. for C. in D. at 27.（2009江苏T 30）This special school accepts all disabled students, _educational level and background. A. according to B. regardless ofC.
41、in addition to D. in terms of 28.（2009江苏T 35）Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that29（2009四川T 3） I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have eno
42、ugh money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. that30.（2009四川T 6）A great person is always putting others interests _his own. A. below B. above C. in D. on31.（2009上海T 26）Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _of them are in fashion now. A. all B. both C. neither D. none32.（2009上海T 25）Four Chinese models we
43、re _the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. A. among B. between C. along D. beside答案1. 【解析】选B。考查代词。another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，other“其他的”， others表示“其他的人或物”。句意：我的假期的一半时间将用来练习英语，另一半时间将用来学习绘画。根据句意以及another与the other的用法可知选B。【知识拓展】another，the other，ot
44、her，others的区别another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于“onethe other”结构，表示“一个-另一个-”；另外，the other后面还可跟名词，特指其他的人或物。other是形容词，表示“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词，表示泛指，如other people泛指其他的人。others相当于other后面跟名词，如other people=other。例如：1）I have three best friends. One is Tom, one is Bob, and another Jack.我有三个朋友，一个
45、是汤姆，一个是鲍勃，另一个是杰克。（another指三者或三者以上中的另一个） 2）In front of me are two men. One is tall and thin and the other short and fat. 我前面有两个人。一个又高又瘦，另一个又矮又胖。（the other表示两者中的另一个） 3）In our class, all the other students are in favor of my plan except the monitor.在我们班，除了班长所有其他的学生都支持我的方案。（the other后面可跟名词，特指某个范围内的其他的人）
46、 4）Some are active in the discussion, and others (other students) are not.一些学生积极参与谈论，而另一些却不积极。（others相当于other后面跟名词，表示泛指）2. 【解析】选B。考查代词。others表示“其他的人或物”, another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于onethe other结构，表示“一个。另一个”。根据句中的Neither side可知应为两方，故选B。句意：双方都不愿意彼此交谈除非我们能消除他们之间的分歧。3. 【解析】选D。考查it作形
47、式主语。此处it would be good for you to have a holiday是宾语从句作thought的宾语。It在这个宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。其他三个选项都不能作形式主语或宾语。句意：医生认为去度假对你是有益的。4. 【解析】选C。考查代词词义辨析。句意: 你真是个合作明星。和别人一起工作真是你喜欢的事情。really ones cup of tea 真的是某人所喜欢的。both表示两者都 either 表示两者中的任何一个,强调个体; others表示复数意义,泛指他人; the other 指代单数可数名词时,特指两者中的另一个。此句中应是泛指
48、“他人”。5.【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：战争中他已失去了冷静和健康，并且这两样东西再也找不回来了。根据题干是两者，选项中可以用于两者的是A和B。排除C和D，C项为“每一个”，D项为“ 所有的”，用于三者或三者以上。题干中有never，never/not+either=neither所以B是正确答案.6.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动项目，没有一种运动能像游泳这样作为保持健康的一种方法。something 有些； anything 任何事情； nothing 没有; everything 一切。7.【解析】选D。考查it的指代用法。句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个
49、国家很难找到工作。句子结构：the fact做句子的主语，that she was foreign做the fact 的同位语，made 做谓语， for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构做made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此时要用it做made的形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾补之后，其他词没有这种用法。8【解析】选A。考查介词短语。beyond words为习惯用语, 意为“无法用语言表达”。句意为：听过她的这个动人的故事以后, 每个人都被感动得说不出话来。9.【解析】选D。考查代词。句意为：Charles一个人在家, 没有
50、人照看他。句中的alone at home暗示没人在家陪伴Charles, 因此选no one, 表示“没有人”。10【解析】选C。考查代词辨析。句意为：光盘特价了！买一送一！空白处填one, 指代one CD。11【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：由于购物时间太长, Jenny差点耽误了航班。as a result of“由于, 作为的结果”, 符合语境。on top of在之外, 另外; in front of在前面, in need of需要。12【解析】选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：该地的酿酒工业以一种特殊的方式得到了发展, 几乎没有国外的所有权。with表示“拥有”。13【解析
51、】选A。考查代词的用法。句意为：当一名父亲或母亲并不总是容易的, 当一名有特殊需要的孩子的父亲或母亲经常还要承受额外的压力。此处的it指代的是前面提到的“Being a parent is not always easy”这种情况。14【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果你以问题的形式提出要求, 那样会显得更有礼貌。in the form of以的形式; in search of寻找; in need of需求; in the direction of往的方向。15【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意为：谁也不愿意从自己的口袋里掏一分钱, 看来他为他的项目筹钱的努力是白费力气, 因此选
52、D表示“徒劳的, 无用的”。in place在适当的位置; in sight被看到, 在视野之内; in effect有效, 实际上。16【解析】选A。考查反身代词跟介词的习惯搭配。句意为：大多数美国人喜欢把问题自己一个人扛着, 独自解决。keep. . . to oneself意为“使为自己一个人所保持”; by oneself意为“独自, 单独”。17【解析】选B。考查介词。句意为：圣诞前夜他邀请我演出之后去跳舞。Christmas Eve圣诞节前夕, 须与介词on连用。表具体的某一天的上、下午及晚上, 也用介词on。18【解析】选B。考查代词。句意为：Jane被问了许多问题, 但她一个也
53、没有回答。not any表示完全否定, 也可以说：Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she answered none of them. 。19【解析】选C。考查介词。句意为：试穿一下这件红色的裙子, 你穿着它会很好看的。in表示“穿着”, 表示状态。on也可以表示“穿着”, 但其后跟人, 可以说It will look great on you. 。20【解析】选B。考查代词。句意为：在过去的20年里, 因特网以某种方式改善了我们的世界。in one way or another为固定短语, 意为“以某种方式”。21【解析】选B。考查代词。句意为：
54、我昨天一天都很难受, 以至于我今天早晨决定再也不能面对像那样的一天了。another表示“又一, 另一; 别的, 另外的; 类似的, 相似的”符合句意。the other指两个中的另一个。other多与复数名词连用, others后不能接名词。22【解析】选C。考查介词。句意为：在厨房里把你经常使用的东西放在触手可及的地方会节省许多时间。within reach触手可及的, 在可达到的范围之内, 为习惯搭配。23【解析】选A。考查介词。句意为：宇航员们在探测外部空间, 多么神奇呀！我想, 这是一种人类对大自然的挑战。I guess在此是插入语, 去掉后的句子为“Its a challenge
55、of man against nature. ”。24【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意为：那个艺术展不但没有失败, 反而是一个巨大的成功。far from“远非, 不但不”符合句意。along with与一道, next to紧接着, 相邻, 次于; regardless of不管, 不顾。25【解析】选A。考查代词的用法。such在这里意思是“这样”。so/such. . . that句型中的so/such置于句首时, 主句要倒装。such is /are意为“这就是”。26【解析】选A。考查介词搭配。of与age构成固定搭配。friends of their own age意为：他们的同龄
56、朋友们。27【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意为：这所特殊的学校招收所有的残疾学生, 不管他们的教育水平或背景。regardless of不管, 不顾, 符合题意。according to根据; in addition to除以外; in terms of就而言, 在方面。28【解析】选D。考查代词的用法。句意为：十分之九的父母认为与自己的父母相比, 他们在教育孩子的方法上有很大的不同。从句意可知, 所选择的代词代替的是前面的approach, 表特指用that。代词one常用来代替同类事物中的任何一个, 不合题意。29【解析】选B。考查代词。句意为：我喜欢这套前面有漂亮花园的房子, 但是我没有
57、足够的钱去买它。it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时, 被替代的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。one指代的事物同类不同体, 泛指同类事物中的一个, that用来替代前面提到的特指事物时, 所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词, 代替可数名词时可以用the one替换。30【解析】选B。考查介词。above高于, 在之上。句意为：一个伟大的人常把他人的利益放在自己的利益之上。below在下面; in在里面; on在上面。31【解析】选D。考查代词。句意为：哇！你衣服真多啊。但是现在没一件跟得上潮流。根据句意, but表转折, 空格处应用否定词none。32【解析】选A。考查介词。句意为：在周五世界超级模特大赛上, 4位中国模特跻身14位获奖选手之列。among相当于one of. . . , included in之中, 之列; between在（两者）之间; along沿着; beside在旁边。
