1、 在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.一.种类不定式.动名词.分词二.非谓语动词在句子中的作用 作 用种类主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语动词不定式 动名词 分词 1.动词不定式和动名词做主语表泛指意义的行为时,多用动名词(也可用不定式)做主语,但表示具体的行为(特别是将来的行为),必须用不定式做主语.e.g.:Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.To see him is not easy this time.日常英语中,特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放在谓语部分后边e.g.:It
2、 is human to wantsomething better.精益求精是人的特性.在Its no use(或good,need)或Its useless(或worthwhile)等结构中,常用动名词做真正主语.It is no use sending him over.简短的揭示语中常用动名词No smoking.2.动词不定式,动名词,分词都可做表语动词不定式和动名词做表语的区别与做主语时一样现在分词做表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”,而过去分词做表语具有被动的含义,意味着“受这种影响“e.g.:The work was tiring.The workers were soo
3、n tired.做表语的现在分词表特性,过去分词表状态(构成被动语态表动作)The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞.The book is well written.这本书写得很好.做表语的不定式有时可以省略符号“to”这时在主语部分必须含有动词do,而做表语的不定式是解释do的精确意思;且这个to也可以不省略.All I did was(to)give him a littlepush.我只是稍稍推了他一下.What we want to do now is(to)lie down and rest.3.动词不定式和动名词做宾语有些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语.
4、如:hope,want,wish,deside等有些动词只能用动名词做宾语.如:finish,avoid,enjoy,mind等有些动词既能用动词不定式又能用动名词做宾语.如:try,begin,like等,但意义有所不同.介词的宾语一般多用动名词而动词不定式只是在个别介词后面以“连接词+不定式”的形式出现He is fond of swimming.He has his own idea of how todo it.4.动词不定式和分词都可做补足语Mr.Smith wants his son to became a lawyer.I saw a girl running to me.5.动
5、词不定式,动名词和分词都可做定语现在分词常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等I know the man standing there.Is there anything planned for tonight?动词不定式做定语时,被修饰的名词多为它的逻辑宾语;如果动词不定式是不及物动词时,要带有必要的介词,构成及物动词短语.There is a warm room to live in.6.动词不定式和分词都可做状语动词不定式在某些形容词后(如good,sorry,pleased等)作原因状语(也有人认为是宾语)I am glad to meet you.分词做时间,原因或条件状语时,通常位于句子的前部;做方式,伴随或结果状语时,通常位于句子的后部.Walking in the street,I saw her.(时间状语)The parents died,leaving him an orphan.(结果状语)
