1、Module 1Deep South Language Points1.With annual rainfall close to zero,Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区就是一片荒漠。with annual rainfall close to zero 是with的复合结构，该结构是“with+宾语宾语补足语”。此句中的annual rainfall 是宾语，close to zero 是形容词短语作宾语补足语。下面我们回顾一下with 的复合结构的用法。With复合结构With+宾语+过去分词(表被动)With+宾
2、语+现在分词(表主动)With+宾语+不定式(表将来)With+宾语+副词With+宾语+形容词With+宾语+介词短语with复合结构的用法 1.用作状语，可表示条件、原因、时间、伴随、方式等情况。可以和相应的状语从句转换。(1)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。With you to help us,we will be able to finish the task in time=If you help us,we will be able to finish the task in time.(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。With two exams to worry ab
3、out,I have towork really hard this weekend.=As there are two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend(3)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。With the work done,we went home=After the work had been done,we went home.（4）表示伴随，相当于一个并列句。The boy sat at the corner,with tears welling up in his eyes=The boy
4、sat at the corner,and tears were welling up in his eyes(5)表示方式，相当于一个并列句。He was asleep with his head on his arms=He was asleep and his head was on hisarms2.用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。I like stamps with a bird design on them=I like stamps on which there is a birddesign There was also a gun and a thin piec
5、e of rope with the end tied in a circle=There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope whose end was tied in a circle巩固练习1.With no one to _ in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless(2006年陕西卷)A.turn to B.turn on C.turn off D.turn over A2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.(200
6、5年北京卷)Agoing on B goes on C went on D to go on A3._ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the patient sought her doctors help to end her life(2005年江西卷)A Having given up hope of cure B With no hope for cure C There being hope for cureD In the hope of cure B4.Come on,pl
7、ease give me some ideas about the projects.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind.I almost break down.(07福建）A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being fillingB close to 接近于，几乎；在.的近旁She was close to tears.It took place close to 100 years ago.Davids house is quite close to the Global Theater.2.Covering about 14
8、million square kilometers around the South Pole,it is the fifth largest continent in the world.南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约为1400万平方公里的面积，是世界第五大洲。Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole 是现在分词作状语，相当于一个原因状语从句：As it covers about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole.今天他生病了，所以没来上学。
9、Being ill,she didnt go to school today.由于不知道她的号码，我无法打给她电话。Not knowing her telephone number,I couldnt ring her up.注意：如果现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就需要用现在分词的完成时态。（由于）没收到回信，我就又给他写了一封。Not having received an answer,I wrote to him again.=As I hadnt received an answer,I wrote to him again.由于被告知天要下雪，登山者决定推迟攀登高峰的尝试。H
10、aving been told that it was going to snow,the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest peak.拓展：现在分词短语除作原因状语外，还可以作时间状语，方式状语，伴随状语，结果状语，条件状语等。要注意的是不论现在分词作什么状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语相同，也就是说分词动作的发出者必须是句子的主语。Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.Having finished his work,Henry went home.He sat
11、 at the table reading China Daily.Laughing and talking,they went into the room.时间状语时间状语伴随状语伴随状语Her mother died in 1969,leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.The child fell,striking his head against the door.结果状语结果状语注意：现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的事，不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的事。他离开了他的家乡，音讯遥无。He left his hometown
12、 never to be heard again.3.A high mountain range,the Trans-Antarctic range,runs from east to west,cutting the continent in two.run v.(道路等)延伸,延续路延伸了好几英里。The road runs for many miles.4.Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife,which has adapted to its extreme conditions.adapt to 适应年轻人很快适应了军队生活。The young men
13、quickly adapted to camp life.5.The rest of the plants are made up ofmosses,algae and lichen.be made up of 由构成/组成观众由非常小的孩子们组成。The audience was made up of very young children.6.Gases and minerals,in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice,can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like i
14、n past ages.in the form of 以的形式孩子的爷爷做了一个要提问题的手势。The childs grandpa made a suggestion in the form of a question.trap v.储存；使陷入困境，诱骗；n.陷阱；圈套They were trapped in the burning house.他们被困在燃烧着的房子里了。I was trapped into admitting that I had lied.我中了圈套，承认自己撒谎了。The police set a trap for the thieves.警察设下了圈套捉小偷。be
15、 trapped in.被困在trap sb.into（doing）sth.使某人上当，使中计set/lay a trap 布好陷阱be caught in a trap of.陷入的困境；中圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.做（某事）不明智活学活用经理被诱骗在合同上签了字。The manager was trapped into signing onthe contract.7.Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour,they stand out against the white background a
16、nd are easy to identify and collect.stand out 突出,显眼露西的金黄色的头发使她在人群中很显眼。Lucys fair hair made her stand out in a crowd.白雪使红花更显眼了。The red flowers stand out against the white snow.1).With larger numbers of graduates than ever before,just having a degree will no longer be enough to make you _ in the crowd
17、.A.stand upB.stand byC.stand forD.stand out2).-Cinderella has been learning Chinese in Beijing University for the past four years.-No wonder she_ above her colleagues in Chinese.A.stands out B.sticks out C.comes out D.sorts outDADA8.But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed tha
18、t there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.balance v.（使）平衡；权衡；n.平衡；秤He can balance a ball on his finger.The courts must balance the liberty of the few against the security of the many.归纳拓展balance the advantages against the disadvantages 权衡得失keep(ones)balance 保持平衡
19、lose(ones)balance 失去平衡(catch/throw sb.)off balance 使失去平衡（而有跌落危险）(be/hang)in the balance未定的，不确定的on balance 全面考虑之后，总的来说活学活用Despite some difficulties,China has achieved a lot in the past year _.A.off balance B.in the balanceC.on balance D.on the balance解析 on balance总的来说；in the balance不确定的。C9.Not until
20、the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle,but he never saw land.倒装结构，此句相当于:The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century,but he never saw land.句式分析句中的but是一个并列连词，连接了前后两个并列分句，前后两个句子是转折关系。在前一分句中，Not until the late
21、 18th century是时间状语，放在句首时产生倒装。该句子还可以如下表达：The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century,but he never saw land.It wasnt until the late 18th century that the British explorer James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle,but he never saw land.活学活用It was _ back ho
22、me after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didnt goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt go解析 本题考查含有not until句式的强调句式。not until并未放在句首，故不用倒装。C10.Then in 1895,a Norwegian calledCarstens Borchgrevink became thefirst man to set foot on the Ant
23、arcticmainland.set foot on(in)踏上，进入；涉足尚未有人踏入这座孤岛。Nobody has ever set foot on the lonely island.归纳拓展set out/forth 动身，出发set off 出发，动身；使爆炸set up 竖起；安装；建起be set in.以为背景活学活用Ritat _ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son.A.sets out B.sets awayC.sets aside D.sets off解析 set out 出发；开始着手；set a
24、way 无此搭配；set aside 留出；拨出；set off 动身，出发。由句意可知C项正确。C11.In particular,it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive wastein particular 特别，尤其你特别注意到他右手上的钻石戒指了吗？Did you notice the diamond ring on his right hand in particular?aim to 目标是,目的在于我妹妹的目标是成为一名出色的艺术家。My sister aims to become a
25、famous artist.亨利立志成为一名计算机专家。Harry aims to become a computer expert.玛丽的目的在于取悦她的老师。Mary aimed to please her teachers.12.In particular,it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste;to promote international scientific projects;.promote v.促进；提升；促销The government decided to promo
26、te public welfare.The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.promotion n.归纳拓展promote sb.to.提升某人为be promoted to.被提升为promote development促进发展get promotion得到晋升活学活用The famous singer is traveling across the country,_ her new album.A.classifying B.expandingC.increasing D.promoting解析 promoti
27、ng her new album作状语表伴随。句意为：这位著名歌手正巡游全国，宣传她的新专辑。D13.We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.discourage v.阻止；打消的念头Dont be discouraged by the first failure try again!We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.归纳拓展discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop sb.(from)doing sth
28、.keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事prevent sb.(from)doing sth.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事活学活用用discourage的适当形式填空(1)她尽管遇到许多挫折，却仍然不气馁。Despite all these _,she refused to give up.(2)如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到太没信心了。Learners can feel very _ if an exercise is too difficult.(3)测试结果让人很沮丧。The test results are very _.disco
29、uragementsdiscourageddiscouraging14.Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.in case of万一In case of fire,ring the alarm.Youd better take your umbrella in case it rains.In no case should you give up.归纳拓展in case以防，万一in no case决不in the case of至于；在情况下in any case无论如何in this/that case如果是这样/
30、那样注意(1)in case表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句（有时用虚拟语气）。后跟表示将来的从句，从句不用将来时态，用一般现在时表将来，但可用should,might等情态动词。(2)in no case“决不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。活学活用_ fire,all exits must be kept clear.A.In place of B.Instead ofC.In case of D.In spite of解析 句意为：以防着火，所有出口必须保持畅通。in case of以防；in place of代替；instead of代替；in spite of尽管。CEx
31、ercises极地探险家使吃惊接近在范围之内冻死改编a polar explorerbe amazed by/atclose to within rangebe frozen deadadaptfor结果以形式被所熟知踏上as a result in the form of be known toset foot on/in品句填词1.An _(每年的)plant is a plant that usually germinates(发芽)flowers and dies in one year.2.Tom found it _(极度地)difficult to get a satisfact
32、ory job.3.It was a _(殊荣)for me to cover this moving match.4.Try to _(阻止)him from driving back home tonight.annualextremelyprivilegediscourage5.I have to lay by a little money for _(紧急情况).6.A small child has to learn to keep his _(平衡)before it can walk far.7.The _(缺少)of color in that drawing makes it dull.8.The young army officer was _(提升)to captain.9.The _(最低的)temperature in winter in his hometown is up to-20.10.The island is mainly _(居住)by sheep.emergencybalanceabsencepromotedminimuminhabitedHomework1.Revise what you have learnt during this period of class.2.Get ready for the next period.
