1、2017年高考英语总动员完形填空 6.深入浅出提及完形填空题，很多考生都感到犯难。作为高考的一种常见传统题型，我们都很熟悉它的命题形式，但为什么这种熟悉的传统题型往往难以取得理想的分数呢？就高考英语试卷而言，完形填空从试题的语言素材上来讲，其实并不是很难。首先，完形填空的阅读量并不是很大，一般文章长度为 300 词左右；其次，无论完形填空的文章还是后面的选项都不会考查很难、很偏的词汇，全部都在大纲所规定的范围之内。为什么这种理论上并不是很难的考查形式却让很多考生束手无策呢？要解决这一难题，我们首先应从命题者的角度来审视完形填空题，了解其命制过程以及完形填空选文的布局结构。一、完形填空命制的来龙
2、去脉完形填空的命制过程是命题人在预先选好的一篇文章中有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去除一处词语，形成总共 20 处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案，需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。我们可以简单地理解为，完形填空的命题形式决定了完形文章由两部分信息构成：未知信息即20处填空 已知信息即20处填空之外的原文 一篇完整的文章了解了未知信息与已知信息之间的这种紧密互动关系，就不难理解命题人之所以将 20 处未知信息设置在一篇文章之中，即设置在一个庞大的已知信息体系之中，就是要求考生先对这些已知信息进行充分地把握和理解，通过已知信息去破解未知信息。这就是“藕虽断，丝
3、还连；文不全，意相牵”。因此，考生必须认识到这 20 处填空绝对不是单纯存在的信息点，这 20 处填空所在的句子也不是孤立的句子，它们是通篇文章的一部分，是属于一个整体的。因此，破解这 20 处填空首先必须对整篇文章进行把握，从把握整体的高度去“俯视”整体中的这 20 处具体填空。完形填空答题的宏观思路为：先对文章整体内容把握和理解 掌握已知信息 再通过已知信息解决未知问题二、完形填空文章的两大特点既然出题人要求考生解答完形填空时从整体上把握文章，那么所选取的文章就应该有清晰的布局结构，能够从整体上把握。此类文章一般都有着两个很明显的特点：1一般都有明确的中心主线整篇文章的中心主线有一个鲜明的
4、主题，同时文章往往又具有很强的导向性或者作者态度具有鲜明的倾向性，而这个主题以及这种导向性或倾向性其实就构成了完形文章的中心主线，成为从整体上把握完形文章的关键点。记叙文类完形填空文章通常都有一条事件线或感情线，这条事件线或感情线就是文章的中心主线，我们在阅读时一定要抓住这条中心主线。示例 Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he f
5、irst _36_ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.To get an _37_，he was struggling against many difficulties.His family was poor.His Dad couldnt afford the _38_ at college,so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.Study had to be done _39_ hi
6、s farm-work routines.He withdrew from many school activities _40_ he didnt have the time or the _41_.He had only one good suit.He tried _42_ the football team,but the coach turned him down for being too _43_.During this period Dale was slowly _44_ an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew co
7、uld _45_ him from achieving his real potential.She _46_ that Dale join the debating team,believing that _47_ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mothers advice,tried desperately and after several attempts _48_ made it.This proved to be a _49_ point
8、in his life.Speaking before groups did help him gain the _50_ he needed.By the time Dale was a senior,he had won every top honor in _51_.Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they,_52_，were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to _53_ his feelings of inferiority,Dale came to
9、understand that the ability to _54_ an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence.And,_55_ it,Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do and so could others.分析：本文的中心主线非常明晰。首段为总起句，主要讲了戴尔卡耐基从默默无名的农场走出，成为世界知名人士。后面剩余段落主要是围绕戴尔卡耐基的成功之路这一主线而展开的。2往往采用“(总)分总”结构从文章结构的角度来看，能够将文章的中心主线非常简洁地表达的结构往往是“(总)分
10、总”结构。“(总)分总”结构由总述部分和分述部分构成，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。示例 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder.However,life can be _36_ when you are not busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I _37_ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herse
11、lf as a world-class fault-finder,almost always _38_ by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her,and _39_ was ever good enough.She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really _40_ person.Unfortunately,it took a horrible accident to change her _41_
12、.Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost _42_ to deal with was that the day before the _43_，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her _44_ of boyfriends,the way she was living,the way she related to her mother,and various other things she
13、 felt she needed to _45_.It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became _46_ her habit of finding fault.Very quickly,she learned to appreciate life rather than to _47_ everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her _48_ as well.Perhaps most of us
14、arent as extreme at fault-finding，_49_ when were honest,we can be sharply _50_ of the world.Im not suggesting you _51_ problems,or that you pretend things are _52_ than they are,but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are _53_ most of the time,and especially when its not a really big
15、 _54_.Train yourself to“bite your tongue”，and with a little _55_，youll get really good at letting things go.And when you do,youll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.分析：1中心主线：本文的中心主线相当明确。开门见山，文章的首段One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder.However,life can be _36_ when
16、 you are not busy finding fault with it.(世界上最简单的事情之一就是成为一个吹毛求疵的人。然而，当你不忙于挑剔时，生活会很美好。)就是整篇文章的中心主线。文章的基本观点：life can be 36.great 结果when you are not busy finding fault with it 条件2文章结构：文章的 整 体 结 构 是 典 型 的“总分总”结构。规律把握根据对多年来高考完形填空题的分析和研究，我们总结出完形文章的布局和结构具有两个核心特点：一是完形文章一般都有明确的中心主线，二是往往采用“(总)分总”结构。这两个特点对于考生从根
17、本上理解完形文章和实际解题都有着十分重大的意义。完形文章这种布局和结构上的特点充分说明了完形是由整体环境来决定具体填空的，分布在文章中、作为文章一部分的填空一定要受到整体主线的制约，因此这种中心主线和“(总)分总”结构就可以为考生提供非常有利的参照线索，考生可以利用对中心主线的把握去理解和判断具体的填空。所以，在解题过程中，考生一定要先按照总分对照的结构去整体分析文章，建立起对文章中心主线的清晰把握。完形填空注重在语境中考查词义，几乎所有的备选项都要通过联系上文或下文而确定。因此答案有的由空格所在的句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由整个语篇内容综合决定。因此，依据完形填空设题的考
18、点层次，可将完形填空题分为句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。一、完形填空考查的三大层次题完形填空从表面上看所设空格基本上是均匀分布的，从解题所需信息的分布来看，是有一定层次的。为更好地掌握完形填空的命题规律和特点，做到快速锁定信息区间、精准解题，我们可将完形填空题划分为三种类型。1句内层次题每处具体的未知填空都处于一个具体的句子之中，因此与此未知填空相关联的已知信息往往存在于这个句子之中，也就是说在句内。示例 On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“_41_ my job.Family to Feed.”
19、41A.Lost BChangedCQuit DFinished分析：本题受到三个相关已知信息点的限制，它们全部分布在其所在的句子之中。第一，所选的动词首先必须是 I(省略了)能够做出的动作(主谓搭配)；第二，未知填空后面的 my job 是另一个相关已知信息点，即这个动作的宾语(动宾搭配)；第三，未知填空后面的 Family to Feed 是第三个相关已知信息点，即未知信息与“要养家”有关。所选的动词必须同时满足以上三个信息点，才为正确答案。由此，可以排除 B、C、D 三个选项，只有A 项 Lost 同时满足三个相关已知信息点，所以是正确答案。答案：A2句组层次题有些与未知填空相关联的已知
20、信息分布在题目所在句子以外的一组句子中。示 例 He withdrew from many school activities _40.because_ he didnt have the time or the _41_.He had only one good suit.41A.permits BinterestCtalent Dclothes分析：与本题相关联的已知信息除了看本题所在的句子包含的信息外，还一定要看后一句。通过 He had only one good suit“他只有一件好衣服”可知，他之所以退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间或衣服(clothes)。答案：D3语篇层次题除
21、了阅读未知填空所在的句子、所在句子的上下句之外，还有一些相关联的已知信息需要从未知填空所处的整个意群、整篇文章中去查找。示例 My fianc(未婚夫)and I were excited about shopping for our first home.But our funds were _16_，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent _17_ a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful,the p
22、rice was _18_ our range,so we declined.But she kept urging us to have a look _19_.We finally did and it was _20_ at first sight.It was Our Home,small and charming,overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners,a nice elderly couple,we felt the warmth and _21_ of the m
23、arriage within that home.As perfect as it was,the price remained too high for us.But every day,we would sit by the lake,looking at the house and dreaming of _22_ it would be like to live there.Days later,we made a(n)_23_ far below the asking price.Surprisingly,they didnt _24_ us.They renewed their o
24、ffer _25_.It was also much more than we could afford,but far _26_ than the original asking price.The next day,we got a _27_ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.Even so,we decided to talk with the _28_ directly.We made our final offer,which _29_ was thousands of dollars less th
25、an the other buyers bid.We knew it,_30_ we had to try.“Sold！”said the owner.Then he _31_：Hed seen us sitting by the lake all those times;he knew how much we loved the place and that wed _32_ the years of work they had put into their home;he realized he would take a _33_ by selling it to us,but it wa
26、s worthwhile;we were the people they wanted to live there.He told us to consider the _34_ in the price“an early wedding present.”Thats how we found our home and how I learned that when people are _35_，they are not strangers,only friends we havent yet met.35A.kind BpoliteCsmart Denergetic分析：解答本题的关键在于
27、立足全篇，从整体上把握文章结构，了解文章主线，从而定位解答本题的相关信息。本文结构是非常典型的“分总”结构。答案：A根据文章结构和全文信息，可以很容易选出 35 题的答案为 A 项 kind“和蔼的，好心的”。特别提醒多个信息点控制下的解题一个未知填空有可能只受到单个相关已知信息点的限制，也可能同时受到多个相关已知信息点的限制。从历年高考题来看，大部分的未知填空还是受到多个相关已知信息点的限制，只受到单个相关已知信息点限制的题目并不多见。示例Unfortunately,it took a horrible accident to change her _41_.Her best friend
28、was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost _42_ to deal with was that the day before the _43_，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her _44_ of boyfriends,the way she was living,the way she related to her mother,and various other things she felt she needed
29、to _45_.It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became _46_ her habit of finding fault.Very quickly,she learned to appreciate life rather than to _47_ everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her _48_ as well.47A.discuss BrealizeCjudge Dsettle分析
30、：第 47 题同时受到四个相关已知信息点的限制：第一个是上句 It wasnt until.finding fault.，要保证与上文语义连贯；第二个是主语 she，要保证主谓之间的合理搭配；第三个是宾语 everything，要保证动宾之间的合理搭配；第四个是 rather than，要保证与前面的 learned to appreciate life 意思相对。只有C 项能同时满足这四个相关已知信息点。答案：C二、完形填空考查的两大能力根据完形填空的命制过程，可知完形填空主要考查考生两大方面的能力，即阅读理解能力以及在阅读理解基础上的英语知识(主要包括语法和词汇)运用能力。1阅读理解能力完
31、形填空既然是以一篇短文为背景，首先要求考生对整篇文章内容要有准确的理解，而且它所考查的阅读理解能力绝不是泛泛的理解能力，而是包括三个层次的能力：(1)对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解(2)对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解(3)对句子内部结构及意义的把握和理解完形填空之所以考查这三个层次的能力，其实是由未知填空的相关已知信息点的分布规律决定的：(1)分布于文章的整体结构之中(2)分布于上下句之中(3)分布于句子内部从上述完形填空所要求的三个层次的能力来看，完形填空要求考生对文章进行“精读”，即考生对文章从整体到每个句子的内部细节都要完全把握。2英语知识运用能力从完形填空所涉及的
32、范围来看，它考查考生对英语基础知识，主要是语法和词汇的运用能力，可归纳为以下几点：(1)词汇辨析及运用完形填空考查的重点是实词，虚词相对来说考查的数量较少。实词是指有实在意义、能够独立充当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词等；虚词则没有实在意义，在句子中不能独立充当句子成分，如连词、介词、冠词等。同时，考生还需要明白的是，高考完形填空中考查词汇的题目有几个很明显的特点：近义词汇(如 way,method,means;road,course,approach)；形似词汇(如 adopt,adapt)；近义不同形词汇的不同用法和搭配(如 see,look,stare,glance
33、,watch,observe)；常用词汇的偏义项考查(如 stand 意为“货摊，摊位”时，see 意为“理解”时，observe 意为“遵守规则、法律”时)，此时要结合特定的语境暗示选出最佳选项。所以，在备考过程中要加强对词汇掌握的广度和深度，不仅要知晓词汇的基本意义与基本用法，更重要的是要牢固掌握词汇的重要偏义项及其特殊用法。(2)语法知识高考完形填空很少单纯、孤立地考查语法点，而是比较注重在具体语境中考查考生对语法知识点的熟练理解与正确使用。高考完形填空考查的语法项目点主要有：动词的时态、情态动词、名词、代词等；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句、
34、虚拟语气、强调句型、省略句等高中阶段的重要语法点。(3)固定搭配、句型及习语高考英语完形填空除了考查上述几方面的内容之外，还会考查一些较为简单的固定搭配、英语地道习惯用语及固定句型。如：see.as(把视为，看作)；look out for(当心)；make it(成功做成某事)；seeing(that).(考虑到)等。相应地，在备考过程中要有意识地加强对固定搭配、句型及习惯用语的积累和掌握。虽然一篇完形填空挖出了很多空格，变得“残缺不全”，有很大的阅读障碍，但为了解题的需要，文中保留了一些必要的信息和关键的解题提示，正是保留的这些信息和提示给我们指明了解题的方向和思考的范围。如何抓住这些关键
35、信息了解文章的主题，这就是如何读文的问题。阅读时可按照下列步骤进行。第一步：速读文章，明主题主线目标(一)：抓首句，明主题完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空格，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。利用首句信息可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，抓住文章的核心及中心话题，预测故事的发展等下文信息。示例 1(2015安徽高考)In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.分析：示例 2 Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm t
36、o international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.分析：目标(二)：读全文，理主线根据上文对完形文章结构两大特点的分析，以及“(总)分总”结构在完形填空中的应用，建议考生按照以下步骤进行整体通读，从而迅速掌握整篇文章的中心主线。首先，重点读文章的首句或首段(文章的第二句往往也很重要，也可能属于总述句的范畴，建议根据情况重点读)；其次，重点读每一段的首句；最后，从以上首句之外的分述部分中挑选各句子中的一些重点词语，如谓语动词、形容词、名词等，进行综合分析，构建联系，提炼出线索。以上三个步骤，第一步
37、是核心。由于完形填空大都是采用“(总)分总”结构，一般通过文章的首句就已经能够读出中心主线了。如果有些文章的首句不能明显体现文章的中心主线，则需做好第二和第三个步骤，进一步明确中心主线。第二步：精读文章，边读边填目标(三)：抓逻辑词，明意群，定区间我们在阅读完形文章时要特别注意一些常见的上下文(句)逻辑关系词语，因为这些逻辑关系词可以把几个句子联系到一块，形成一个意群，这个意群往往就是某一填空的信息区间。根据历年高考完形填空题可总结出完形文章中上下文(句)之间比较常见的几种逻辑关系：1并列关系常用标志词和短语：and,or,neither.nor,either.or,similarly,equ
38、ally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,the same.as2递进关系常 用 标 志 词 和 短 语：also,then,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,in addition,whats more3因果关系常用标志词和短语：because,for,since,as,thus,therefore,so,so.that,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,in response t
39、o,for this reason4转折关系常用标志词和短语：but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of5让步关系常用标志词和短语：although,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of6举例关系常用标志词和短语：such as,for example,for instance,to take an example,na
40、mely7总结关系常用标志词和短语：in all,in brief,in short,in a word,in conclusion,altogether,to sum up,to conclude目标(四)：按句读，分题型，边读边填第二步精读的过程，也是做题的过程。句内层次题和句组层次题通过读文抓句内信息点和意群信息点完全可以做到边读边填，随着一个个空格不断被填出，对文意的理解也会越来越明了，剩下为数不多的几个语篇层次题留到最后去解决。1边读边填，解决句内层次题在完形填空题中，通过速读文章，了解大意后，再结合自己已有的生活常识和背景知识，通过阅读空格所在的句子便可以选出符合语境的答案。填上这
41、一部分空格，让读文更加顺畅。2边读边联，解决句组层次题有些题目通过空格所在的句子无法确定正确选项，但我们通过阅读其所在的一个甚至几个意群，再联系文章主题和文章主线，往往可以找出解题线索，从而选出正确答案。对于句组层次题，要做到读一段、填一段、通一段，随着句组层次题的不断填出，文意理解基本上再也无障碍。3读文三思，解决语篇层次题有些题目通过空格所在的句子及其前后句仍然无法确定正确选项，这时我们基本可以确定此类题应该属于语篇层次题。这时我们必须阅读完全篇，站在整个语篇的角度慎重思考才能选出正确答案。综合以上分析可知，完形填空题的解答实际上就是通过已知信息去破解未知信息。这需要我们从完形文章所包含的
42、庞杂的已知信息体系中分析、查找、排查无关的已知信息，定位和查找出与每处具体的填空相关联的已知信息，再根据这些信息最终得出正确答案。下面我们将介绍句内、句组和语篇三种层次题的常用解题技巧，看看是如何利用已知信息来确定未知信息的。一、句内层次题1利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。示例 Darios mother smiled at Mrs.Gilbert.“I think maybe we _50_ you an apology，”she said.50A.give BsendCoffer Dowe分析：本题可以利用固
43、定结构解题。owe sb.an apology为固定搭配，意为“应向某人道歉”。答案：D2利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。示例However,life can be _36_ when you are not busy finding fault with it.36A.lonely BgreatCquiet Duneasy分析：本题可以利用生活常识和文
44、化背景解题。根据生活常识，当你不再对生活处处挑剔的时候，生活当然会是“极好的，好的”。答案：B3利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。示例 To _51_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.51A.showBreco
45、rdCdecreaseDmeasure分析：本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。52environment,_more governments.从上述分析可以看出，第 51 题与 protect 形成对应关系。因为前面有 and 这一并列连词，并且 and 前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案 C 项(decrease“减少”)。答案：C4利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。示例 _40_ modern manufacturing(制造业)and tec
46、hnology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.40A.Thanks toBAs toCExcept forDRegardless of分析：本题考查起连接词作用的短语，此短语的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的短语。通过上述分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的因果关系，因此答案是 thanks to。as to“至于”，通常用于引出一个与前文有所不同的话题；except for“除
47、了”；regardless of“不管，不顾”，常用于表达让步。答案：A5利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。示 例 Several years ago I _37_ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always 38.bothered by things.37A.receiv
48、edBansweredCexpectedDrejected分析：本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“who described herself as.”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一个十七岁女孩凯里描述了自己是一个世界级的吹毛求疵的人。答案：A二、句组层次题1利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯、有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。示例 1 Dad had a green comb.He bough
49、t it when he married Mum.Every night,he would hand me his _26_ and say,“Good girl,help Daddy clean it,OK？”26A.bagBwalletCcombDbrush分析：本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。26 空是上文“Dad had a green comb.”中 comb 的原词复现，故选 C 项。答案：C示例 2 I was _27_ to do it.At age five,this dull task brought me such 28.joy.I would excitedl
50、y turn the tap 29.onand brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that Id done a good job,I would happily return the comb to Dad.27A.annoyedBrelievedCashamedDpleased分析：本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为近义词复现。下文中的excitedly和happily是27空的近义复现，故选D项。答案：D2利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容
51、词、副词或动词等。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。示例This has been a wonderful 55.experience for our family.it also gave my kids the _60_ taste of helping others.Itll go a long way with them.60A.strongBsweetCstrangeDsimple分析：本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据前文中的形容词wonderful以及后文的helping others，提示空格的感情色彩是积极向上的，所以6
52、0题选择B项(贴心的，甜蜜的)。答案：B3利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。示例All around the world,we can see the 50.consequencesof this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 51.decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the52.environment,_more governments are requiring people torecycl
53、e materials._53_，this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.53A.HoweverBOtherwiseCThereforeDMeanwhile分析：本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项 A。答案：A4利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。示例All around the world,we can see the _50_ of this throwawa
54、y lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.50A.advantagesBpurposesCfunctionsDconsequences分析：本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知这一现象就是 this throwaway lifestyle 的 consequences(后果)之一。根据下文这一语境暗示，我们可以很轻松地把正确答案选出来。答案：D三、语篇层次题1利用语义复现解题在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题
55、。示例Two years later,Dad started his own _31_，which wasnt doing so well.After my graduation,Dads business was getting back on track.31A.familyBbusinessCtaskDjourney分析：本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。下文“Dads business was getting back on track”中的business 是 31 空的原词复现，故选 B 项。答案：B2利用总分结构对照分析法解题由前文内容可知，完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，
56、这种结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。示例 In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36.problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37.rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we _38_ a throwaway society?First of all,
57、it is now easier to 39.replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.40.Thanks_to modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 41.cheap.Another cause is our 42.love of disposable(一次性的)products.As 43.
58、busy people,we are always looking for 44.waysto save time and make our lives easier.Companies 45.producethousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46.contributes to the problem.We are 47.addicted_to buyin
59、g new things.Advertisements persuade us that 48.newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we 49.throw_away useful possessions to make room for new ones.38A.faceBbecomeCobserveDchange分析：本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。本题在一个总述句“How did we _38_ a throwaway society？”中。之前文
60、章在描述一个现象：人们用旧物品后扔掉，造成垃圾堆积如山。从文章结构来看，从本题开始出现了另一个意群，“How did we _38_ a throwaway society？”为这个意群的总述句，即我们如何成为了一个丢弃的社会呢？因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不够的，还要看其他地方的相关已知信息，这个关键信息就在分述部分。只要总结分述部分，本题就迎刃而解了。答案：B总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第 38 题的答案就是 B项 become。因为，下面的分述句都是在分析形成的原因。3利用逻辑关系解题在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。示例Dario and his moth
61、er loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night,the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning,_38_，their happiness disappear
62、ed.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨)about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员)if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all40.nice people and he couldnt imagine any of t
63、hem had done that.Later that morning,Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.38A.thereforeBhoweverCotherwiseDinstead分析：本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项 B。答案：B(一)文章这样读(快速浏览，把握大意)I was required to read one
64、 of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional _36_ and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so _37_ to me and had such a big _38_ on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.B
65、ernie and his CDs again to _39_ my own cancer experience?Im an ambitious _40_，and when I started going through chemo(化疗),even though Im a very _41_ person,I lost my drive to write.I was just too tired and not in the _42_.One day,while waiting to go in for _43_，I had one of Dr.Bernies books in my han
66、d.Another patient _44_ what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me _45_ he had one of his books with him as well.It _46_ that among other things,he was an eighty-year-old writer.He was _47_ a published author,and he was currently _48_ on a new book.We would see each other at various time
67、s and _49_friends.Sometimes he wore a duck hat,and I would tell myself,he was definitely a(n)_50_ of Dr.Bernie.He really put a_51_ on my face.He unfortunately _52_ last year due to hiscancer,_53_ he left a deep impression on me and gave me the_54_ to pick up my pen again.I _55_ to myself,“If he cand
68、o it,then so can I”一、抓首句，明主题通过快速阅读首句“I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.”(“我”被要求阅读 Bernie Siegel 的书，从而被他书中的“正能量”所吸引)可知本文可能为记叙文，预测后文内容可能是讲述“我”如何阅读他的书及如何受到鼓舞或启发的故事。二、读全文，理主线速读全文，重点阅读首段和每段的首句以及文中的重要词语，可知本文为典型的“总分”结构。(二)题目这样
69、做(边读边填，前后多联)题目定题型用方法36.A.tastes B.ideasC.notes D.memories句内层次题。由本句中的stories和unconventional可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系空前的stories及unconventional(新奇的)可知，此处用ideas(观点)最合语境。故选B。37.A.amazing B.shockingC.amusing D.strange句内层次题。由本句中的unconventional和exceptional可判定。利用感情色彩关联解题。该空所在句句意：他的故事里不落俗套的想法和笔下不寻常的患者让我如此惊叹(amazing)
70、amazing“令人惊叹的”，符合作者对此事的感情色彩。故选A。题目定题型用方法38.A.strike B.pushC.challenge D.impact句内层次题。由空格后面的on和本句句意可判定。利用习惯搭配解题。由并列连词and可知空格处所在部分应该和“令人惊叹”意义一致，即“对我如何看待人生产生了很大的影响”。have an impact on“对有影响”，是固定短语。故选D。39.A.learn from B.go overC.get through D.refer to句组层次题。由上句和本句内容可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。结合上句内容可知本句意为：谁会知道多年后我又要依赖伯
71、尼博士和他的CD来熬过(get through)我自己的癌症经历呢？故选C。题目定题型用方法40.A.reader B.writerC.editor D.doctor句内层次题。由本句中后面的“write”可判定。利用语义复现解题。writer是后文“I lost my drive to write”中的write的语义复现。故选B。41.A.positive B.agreeableC.humorous D.honest句内层次题。由本句中的even though和I lost my drive to write可判定。利用逻辑关系解题。联系后文所说的“我失去了写作的动力”，并结合even t
72、hough表示让步可知，此处意为“即使我是一个积极乐观的(positive)人”。故选A。题目定题型用方法42.A.mood B.positionC.state D.way句内层次题。由本句中的I was just too tired及常识可判定。利用生活常识和语境暗示分析法解题。由and前面的“I was just too tired”及常识可知当人很疲倦时，他的心情会很糟。not in the mood“心情不好”。故选A。43.A.advice B.referenceC.protection D.treatment句组层次题。由前文中的when I started going throu
73、gh chemo(化疗)可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系本段开头的“when I started going through chemo(化疗)”可知，作者是接受治疗(treatment)。故选D。题目定题型用方法44.A.viewed B.knewC.noticed D.wondered句内层次题。由本句中的what I was reading和struck up a conversation可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系本句中的“what I was reading”和“struck up a conversation”可知，另一个病人应该是注意到(noticed)作者读的书了，
74、然后才和作者聊天。故选C。45.A.while B.becauseC.although D.providing句内层次题。由本句前后的逻辑关系可判定。利用逻辑关系解题。前文说他注意到作者读的书并开始和作者聊天，后面提到“他也有伯尼博士的一本书”，由此可知两者是因果关系，用because。故选B。题目定题型用方法46.A.came out B.worked outC.proved out D.turned out 句内层次题。由空格后的内容可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。由空格后的提示“除此之外，他还是一位80岁的作家”可知这是作者后来发现的一个事实，用It turned out that.句型
75、是最合适的，即：结果发现故选D。47.A.naturally B.merelyC.hopefully D.actually句组层次题。由上句中的an eightyyearold writer和本句中的a published author可判定。利用逻辑关系解题。联系上文的“他是一位80岁的作家”，这里又说“是一个出版作家”，故只有actually表示补充新的信息，意为“实际上”，符合逻辑。故选D。题目定题型用方法48.A.deciding B.investingC.working D.relying句内层次题。由本句中的a published author可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系上
76、文的“他是一个出版作家”可知，此处表示目前他在写(was working on)一本新书。故选C。49.A.became B.helpedC.missed D.visited句内层次题。由and前的内容可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系and前面的“我们经常在不同的时间见面”可知两人应该是成了(became)朋友。故选A。题目定题型用方法50.A.patient B.operatorC.fan D.publisher语篇层次题。本题必须立足全篇才可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系前文可知，作者的这位病友作家也喜欢伯尼博士的书，由此可推测此处意为：无疑他就是伯尼博士的一个粉丝(fan)。故选
77、C。51.A.sign B.smileC.mark D.mask句组层次题。由上两句内容可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系前文可知，“我们”两个经常见面，慢慢地成了朋友，而且“我们”都喜欢伯尼博士的书，由此可推知他让“我”很开心。故选B。题目定题型用方法52.A.showed up B.set offC.fell down D.passed away句内层次题。由本句中的unfortunately和due to his cancer可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系本句中的“unfortunately”和“due to his cancer”可知作者的这位病友因癌症去世了(passed a
78、way)。故选D。53.A.since B.butC.so D.for句内层次题。由本句中的两个分句间的逻辑关系可判定。利用逻辑关系解题。前文讲作者的病友因癌症去世，后文说“给我留下了很深的印象”，可见前后文是转折关系，故选but。故选B。题目定题型用方法54.A.guidance B.trustC.opportunity D.inspiration句组层次题。由本句中的空格后的内容和下一句可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系后面的“pick up my pen again”和“If he can do it,then so can I”可知这位病友给了作者鼓舞(inspiration)。故选D。55.A.promised B.swore C.thought D.replied句内层次题。由本句中自己的感慨可判定。利用语境暗示分析法解题。联系后面的话可知，此处应该是作者自己的感慨：我心想，“如果他能做到，那么我也能。”think to oneself“心中想”。故选C。
