1、Period SixGrammar & Writing单元语法Reported requests and orders & Reported statements把下列直接引语变为间接引语1She said，“He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy.2She said to Tom，“Can you help me？”She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.3The teacher asked，“How did you repair it？”The teacher asked me how I
2、 had repaired it.4The teacher said to the students，“Dont waste your time.”The teacher told the students not to waste their time.5My father said，“Practice makes perfect.”My father said practice makes perfect.6The history teacher said to them，“The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st,1921.”
3、The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st,1921.一字不改地引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用说话人自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。学习由直接引语变间接引语时，要特别注意以下四个变化：时态变化、人称变化、状语变化和句型变化。1时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变化：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来
4、时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时注意：直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况：(1)当直接引语是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句等时。He said，“The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sun.(2)当直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语时。Mr Wang said，“I was born in China in September,1972.”Mr Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.(3)当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时
5、、一般将来时态时。She says，“Miss Liu is good at English.”She says Miss Liu is good at English.(4)当直接引语表示客观的时刻时。He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 am.”He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 am.2人称变化直接引语变为间接引语时，代词要根据其在句中的意义作相应变化。He said to me，“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his
6、book in my room.3状语变化直接引语变间接引语时，状语一般应作下列变化：直接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语nowthenagobeforetodaythat daythis morning/week，etc.that morning/week，etc.yesterdaythe day beforeyesterday morningthe morning beforetomorrowthe next day，the following daylast week/month，etc.the week/month before，etc.next week/month，etc.the fo
7、llowing/next week/month，etc.herethereShe said to me，“I lived there five years ago.”She told me she had lived there five years before.注意：直接引语变间接引语时指示代词、方向性动词的变化：thisthatthesethosebringtake comego4句型变化(1)直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语时的句型变化：直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连词that(在口语中可省略)引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say，tell等，从句中的人称、时
8、态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化。“Im tired，” he said.He said (that) he was tired.(2)直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应变化外，还应注意：间接引语应改为陈述句语序；特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留；一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether或if。“Is there anything wrong，Madam？” asked the policeman.The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was something
9、 wrong.She asked，“What is it？Whats going to happen now？”She asked what it was and what was going to happen then.“Its Mary，isnt it？” asked Jane.Jane asked whether/if it was Mary.“Is it Mary or Lucy？” asked Jane.Jane asked whether it was Mary or Lucy.(3)直接引语若为祈使句，变为间接引语时，常构成简单句型“引述动词ask/tell/order/adv
10、ise/warn/remind，etc.名/代词(not) to do”。其中，引述动词根据说话者的语气来确定。“Dont make a mess in the kitchen，” she said to him.She asked/told/warned him not to make a mess in the kitchen.单句语法填空1They are required to process(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2019
11、全国)2Sarah was told/has been told(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.(2019全国)3Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were(be) too violent for use at the table.(2019全国)4I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked(ask)，“W
12、hat do you wish me to do now？”(2019湖南)5You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2019湖南)6I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2019北京)7If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or br
13、anches hidden in the water.(2019浙江)8The exhibition tells us why/that we should do something to stop air pollution.(2019四川).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday.(2019全国，短文改错)2I that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a lot.(2019全国，
14、短文改错)3When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I I would be happy there.(2019全国，短文改错)4Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm off.(2019四川，短文改错)5He if I decide to do something，it takes him much time to stop me.(2019大纲全国，短文改错).把下列直接引语变为间接引语1“If you get the job，will yo
15、u move to London？”Bill asked me.Bill asked me whether Id move to London if I got the job.2She said，“He has gone to America，hasnt he？”She asked whether/if he had gone to America.3“Would you mind opening the door？”he asked.He asked me to open the the door.4“My wallet has been stolen，” he said.He said
16、that his wallet had been stolen.5“Mary came to China twenty years ago and has been living here ever since，” she said.She said that Mary had come to China twenty years before and had been living there ever since.把下列间接引语变为直接引语6She asked if I was hungry.She asked，“Are you hungry？”7Li said that he joine
17、d the League in 1959.“I joined the League in 1959，” Li said.8He said that he was going to the airport to meet his uncle that afternoon.“Im going to the airport to meet my uncle this afternoon，” he said.9The geography teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.“The moon moves around the earth，
18、”the geography teacher said.10She asked whether I had gone there by ship or by plane.“Did you come here by ship or by plane？” she asked.短文改错(2019陕西长安区一中高二期中)This afternoon I went to the bookstore near my house，only find it was closed.Just then，I noticed a schoolboy walking in front of me.When he pas
19、sed by a white wall，he left two footprints on it.An old man，who saw that had happened，shouted at him angry.The boy felt afraid or ran away quickly.A few minutes later，another boys passed by the white wall and saw the footprints.He thought for a moment and took out of a pencil from his schoolbag.Whil
20、e I was wondered，I saw the boy painting the panda on the wall.And the footprints become the pandas black eyes.What a smart boy I was!答案This afternoon I went to the bookstore near my house，only find it was closed.Just then，I noticed a schoolboy walking in front of me.When he passed by a white wall，he
21、 left two footprints on it.An old man，who saw had happened，shouted at him .The boy felt afraid ran away quickly.A few minutes later，another passed by the white wall and saw the footprints.He thought for a moment and took out of a pencil from his schoolbag.While I was ，I saw the boy painting panda on
22、 the wall.And the footprints the pandas black eyes.What a smart boy was!单元写作A letter of application本单元的写作任务是写求职信。求职信格式和用词比较正规，其目的在于让聘用方了解自己的经验、能力、成就、愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是求职信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得进一步面谈的机会。求职信一般包括以下内容：1介绍信息来源介绍信息来源通常是英文求职信正文部分的开篇句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。2表明求职心意介绍完信息来源，应向收信人表明自己写信的目的。3介绍个人简
23、历并表明自己的优势此部分应详写，主要包括：出生日期、性别、教育程度、工作经验、特殊技能等。在介绍情况时，应对自己最适合申请的工作的那些方面进行详细介绍。4表示感谢并请求答复开头语：1I learned from your advertisement that you are in need of a.2Having known that your office needs a.I would like to apply for the post.3Im interested in the post which you advertised in yesterdays China Daily.4
24、Im looking for a job as a.and would be grateful if you could consider me for such a post in your firm.自我介绍：1Im good at./I do well in./I master.well.2I have a good knowledge of./I have the ability to.3Ill get on very well with my fellow workers.4Once Im hired，Ill devote myself to the cause of the.工作经
25、历：1I once worked as a.for two years.2I was working as a.during the period of.3In 2019 I worked.4Ive had the experience of.5Ive been.since.能力：1I have learned English for 8 years.I am very good at English，so I have been an editor of my schools English Paper in the past two years.2Im an excellent stude
26、nt，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.My grades are among the best ones in my department.3I enjoy working with people.Im young and healthy，delightful and helpful.I can speak standard Chinese and Im good at English.I once won the first prize of English competition in our college.Im very inter
27、ested in traveling and know many places of interest in China.4I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares.结尾：1If I could have the opportunity to get the job I will be quite appreciative.2Thank you for your consideration.I look forward to hearing from you.3I think Im suitable for the j
28、ob.If you can let me have this chance，I will try my best to do it well.4I will appreciate it very much if you would give me the opportunity.Thank you for your consideration.假如你是李华，25岁，山东大学英语系毕业生，英语口语好。当过3年英语导游，对英文秘书工作感兴趣。看到报纸上某公司招聘英文秘书的广告，于是想去该公司应聘，请根据以上个人情况写一封求职信。写作内容：1说明自己的情况：姓名、年龄、学历、特长、工作经验以及兴趣爱
29、好。2看到报纸上的广告，很想应聘英文秘书。3表示自己的诚意。明确要求1本文要求写一封求职信。要按照书信格式书写，并且应包含全部要点。2行文时，语气要符合求职者的口气，要有礼貌。3内容要充实，行文要连贯。要恰当地使用关联词，尽量使用非谓语动词及较高级的句型。确定段落Part 1从报纸上获知贵公司有一个秘书的职位。Part 2自我介绍并保证能胜任这个职位。Part 3真诚表态，为公司努力工作。联想词汇1阅读一则广告read an ad2从毕业graduate from3各种各样的文章all kinds of articles4精通be skillful in.5导游经验guide experien
30、ce6被接受be accepted by句式升级1读了您在报纸上做的广告后，我希望在您的公司获得一份英文秘书的工作。(一般表达)I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company after I read your ad in the newspaper.(句式升级1)I want to apply for the job as an English secretary in your company after reading your ad in the newspaper.(apply；状语从句的省略)(句式升级2)
31、Having read your ad in the newspaper，I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company.(现在分词短语作状语)2我于三年前毕业于山东大学英语系。(一般表达)I graduated from the English Department of Shandong University three years ago.(句式升级1)It was three years ago that I graduated from the English Department of Shandong U
32、niversity.(用强调句型强调时间状语)(句式升级2)Its three years since I graduated from the English Department of Shandong University.(Its.since.)3我能用英语流畅地表达和写作，同时还可以阅读各种各样的英文文章。(一般表达)I can speak and write in English fluently，and I can read all kinds of articles in English.(句式升级)I am fluent in speaking and writing in
33、English as well as reading all kinds of articles in English.(as well as)Dear Sir/Madam，Having read your ad in the newspaper，I hope to get the job as an English secretary in your company.My name is Li Hua，a healthy girl of 25 and I am 1.7 meters tall.I graduated from the English Department of Shandon
34、g University three years ago.I am fluent in speaking and writing in English as well as reading all kinds of articles in English.Whats more，skillful in operating Word on computers，I can type 100 words per minute.With three years guide experience in a travel corporation，I could make myself generally u
35、seful，if there should be any opportunity of your requiring my services.I want very much to be accepted by your company.Ill work hard for your company.Please reply if I suit you.Thank you for your attention.Yours，Li Hua.阅读理解(2019黑龙江哈六中高二期中)Did you know that the color of uniforms can influence the per
36、formance of an athlete? It may sound strange，but a study suggests this might be true.Two British scientists studied the results of four sports in the 2019 Athens Olympic Games where the athletes had been given either a red or a blue uniform.They discovered that when there was a big difference in the
37、 score，color had no influence on the result.But if it was a close match，the athlete in a red uniform was more likely to win.Then they looked at the uniforms of the soccer teams at the Euro 2019 tournament.Again，teams wearing red won more games.The two scientists got their idea from earlier studies o
38、f wild animals.It had been discovered that when a male shows red on its body，it sends a signal of its power and strength.For example，in many kinds of monkey，the more the male shows off its red scars(伤疤) the more females it can attract.Based on this fact，the British scientists thought that the idea m
39、ight work for humans，too.According to them，when an athlete sees a competitor in a red uniform，he gets a feeling that his competitor could be stronger than him.And that kind of feeling may have a bad influence on the players performance in the actual game.Although the idea is interesting，most people
40、dont accept that color signals in the animal world can really be useful to humans in sports.They think that it is unreasonable to develop an idea based on such a small number of examples.Much more research has to be done to prove the influence of uniform colors on the performance of athletes.语篇解读本文介
41、绍了一种新的研究结论：在一场实力相近的比赛中，穿红色队服的运动员更容易获胜。但是人们对这个结论持怀疑态度。1What did the scientists find out about the 2019 Athens Olympic Games?AAthletes played equally well in four sports.BGame results had a big influence on the athletes.CAthletes dressed in red scored more in a close match.DThere was a big difference
42、in red and blue teams scores.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第三句“But if it was a close match，the athlete in a red uniform was more likely to win.”可知答案。2What may the red scars of a male animal suggest?AIt is a failure.BIt is quite strong.CIt has power over other males.DIt has attracted a lot of females.答案B解析细节理解
43、题。根据文章第三段中的“It had been discovered that when a male shows red on its body，it sends a signal of its power and strength.”可知，红色的伤疤可能会表明这个雄性动物更强大。故选B。3The underlined part “that kind of feeling” in the text refers to a feeling of .Ashame BprideCdanger Dweakness答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“may have a bad influenc
44、e on the players performance in the actual game”可知，能对运动员有不好影响的肯定是一种弱势感。故选D。4What is most peoples attitude towards the scientists idea?AInterested. BSatisfied.CDoubtful. DThankful.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的前两句可知，大多数人对这个结论持怀疑态度。故选C。.完形填空(2019四川成都外国语学校高二期中)I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant
45、 a job，a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards，success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us 5 chasing the same thing.One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell 6 .I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and 56.I 7 the countryside for some place I could rent for the
46、 8 possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 9 the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was 10 ，full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner，rented it，and 11 a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me， 12 slowly，they started teaching me the 13 of b
47、eing a neighbor.They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and began 14 around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a 15 American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of 16 .What I had believed in，all those things I thought were 17 for a civilized life，were nonexistent in this pla
48、ce. 18 on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my 19 with my neighbors.Four years later，I moved back into 20 .I saw many people were having a really hard time， 21 their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to 22 a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but o
49、ver time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in 23 if we hadnt banded together.The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.Its not so much about what I can get for myself；its about 24 we can all get by together.语篇解读作者曾经以为美国梦就是追求个人的成功；后来，在遭遇一系列不幸后，作者在乡村生活四年的经历和感
50、受使得作者对美国梦有了新的认识和深刻感悟，也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。5A.separately BequallyCviolently Dnaturally答案A解析句意为：我们都在各自地追求同样的事物。separately各自地；equally平等地；violently猛烈地；naturally自然地。6A.off BapartCover Dout答案B解析句意为：经历了一系列的不幸，一切都破碎了。fall off跌落，掉下；fall apart崩溃，破碎；fall over跌倒，摔倒；fall out掉队，争吵。7A.crossed BleftCtoured Dsearched答案D解析
51、句意为：我在农村寻找一处租金最便宜的地方。cross横穿；leave离开；tour旅游；search搜寻。8A.fullest BlargestCfairest Dcheapest答案D解析根据上文语境，我无家可归并只剩下卡车和56美元，故应是以尽可能便宜的价格租下住所。9A.at BthroughCover Dround答案C解析句意为：我在西弗吉尼亚州偶然找到了一处破旧的房子，它位于Potomac河上一条崎岖的山路上方。10A.occupied BabandonedCemptied Drobbed答案B解析句意为：它被废弃了，到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupy占领，占据；abandon废弃
52、，遗弃；empty腾空，变空；rob抢劫。11A.turned BapproachedCcleared Dcut答案C解析句意为：我找到了房子的主人，租下它，打扫干净一个角落暂住下来。12A.but BalthoughCotherwise Dfor答案A解析句意为：当地人对我一无所知，但是，慢慢地他们开始教我成为邻居的艺术。13A.benefit BlessonCnature Dart答案D解析benefit利益，好处；lesson课程，教训；nature自然；art艺术。14A.sticking BlookingCswinging Dturning答案A解析句意为：他们放下毛毡、蜡烛和工具，
53、并且开始留下来聊天。stick around徘徊，逗留；look around环视；swing around到处摇摆；turn around转身。15A.wild BrealCdifferent Dremote答案C解析句意为：他们开始教会我另一种不同美国梦的信念，它不是个人的成就而是睦邻友好之梦。16A.neighborliness BhappinessCfriendliness Dkindness答案A解析neighborliness和睦，邻人之谊；happiness幸福；friendliness友好；kindness善良。17A.unique BexpensiveCrare Dneces
54、sary答案D解析句意为：我最初相信的那些在文明生活中是必需的东西，在这个地方是不存在的。18A.Up BDownCDeep DAlong答案A解析句意为：在这座山上，我最有价值的财产是与邻居的关系。up在上文中有出处。19A.cooperation BrelationshipsCsatisfaction Dappointments答案B解析cooperation合作；relationship关系；satisfaction满意；appointment预约。20A.reality BsocietyCtown Dlife答案C解析句意为：四年后，我搬回了城市。根据上文的countryside可推出
55、。21A.creating BlosingCquitting Doffering答案B解析句意为：我看到许多人生活艰辛，失去工作和家园。create创造；lose失去；quit放弃；offer提供。22A.put in Bturn inCtake in Dget in答案C解析句意为：我租了一间足够大的房子，可以容纳许多人。put in放入，提交；turn in上交，告发；take in收容(某人)，收留(某人)住宿；get in进入，收获。23A.yards BsheltersCcamps Dcottages答案B解析句意为：如果我们不团结起来，我们都将流落到住到庇护所里的地步。yard庭院
56、；shelter庇护所，收容所；camp营地；cottage小村庄。24A.when BwhatCwhether Dhow答案D解析句意为：它并不关乎我们为自己得到什么，而是关乎如何一起渡过难关。.语法填空(2019河北深州中学高二期末)Recently，educators and parents become 25.concerned(concern) about the poor performance of boys in school.The so-called “boy crisis” in 26.education(educate) refers to both their aca
57、demic performance and their behavior.In both areas boys results are much 27.worse(bad) than girlsUSA data shows that boys rank behind girls in almost all areas of schooling.They earn lower grades overall in primary school and high school.They are behind girls in reading and writing，and 30 percent of
58、 them are in bottom quarter of standardized tests,pared(compare) with 19 percent of girls.Although the causes of the “boy crisis” are not 29.fully(full) understood，some experts believed that the same-sex classrooms and schools may help solve the problem.The idea is 30.to remove(remove) some of the d
59、istractions(分心) caused by the opposite sex，in order to improve students concentration 31.and hopefully their grades.The first Chinese school to experiment with this idea is Shanghai No.8 Middle School,32.which began “boys-only” classes in September,2019.Although it is too early to tell if the reform
60、 has made 33.a difference，its supporters argue that the results are 34.promising(promise).书面表达(2019山东淄川中学高二期末)假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点用英语给该报社写一封自荐信。1表示感兴趣；2说明优势： 知识面；英语水平；合作精神；相关经历；3希望得到回复。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文Dear Sir or Madam，I am a student from Xin Hua Middle School.I am
61、 glad to learn that you want a few part-time reporters.I am quite interested in it.I think I am fit for the job.As a student，I have read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields.I am fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.Besides，I am easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.Above all，I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station.So I am sure I can do the job well if I get the position.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours faithfully，Li Hua
