1、第二部分 语法知识贯通专题一 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.2021四省八校开学考,62A century ago, when night-time (fall), the dark arrived. Things are different today.2.2021山东威海期中,37Friendship is one of lifes greatest gifts,and it (value)in both Eastern and Western cultures.3.2021湖南五市十校联考,63Nine spacecrafts (send) to study J
2、upiter by now.4.2021北京朝阳区期中,18If one person breaks the rules, more people (follow) him and do what they want.5.2021山西太原质量监测, 67China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and (renew) the call early this year to create an increasingly prosperous society.6.2021四川绵阳一诊, 64With the last satellit
3、e launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites (complete) since then.7.2021湖北部分重点中学联考, 61It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows which represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he (paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.8.202
4、1上海师大附中期中,28The white settlers and American Indians lived in peace at the beginning,but conflicts finally (arise)and led to the Indian War(1866-1890).9.2021贵州贵阳摸底考试, 65Like Chinese music, African music is very rhythmic each instrument (tell) its own story, makes you a part of it and takes you on a d
5、ifferent journey. 10.2021河南洛阳统一考试, 68Xin Xing (a female panda), born in Sichuan Province in 1982, (rescue) in the wild and sent to Chongqing Zoo in 1983.11.2021浙江五校联考, 63Casey told the rescuers that he (hang)out with a black bear for two days, a bear he called his friend. 12.2021山东烟台期中,37In the past
6、 many years, the giant panda (drive)out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.13.2021山东潍坊阶段性监测, 56I was also a co-founder of the website Mother Nature Network, which (integrate) into Treehugger the other day.14.2021哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试,68An Miao
7、(meaning seedling protection) is a traditional farming activity of southern Anhui province that (practice)since the early Ming dynasty(1368-1644). 15.2020湖北八校第一次联考,62Children younger than 12 (allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 pm, they would be banned from logg
8、ing on(登录),said Tencent.16.2020江西南昌重点中学段考,62Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph(burn) around 300 calories per hour. 17.2020江苏扬州期中调研,33Now China (push) for a larger role in global economic policy-making.18.2020山东省实验中学阶段性检测,43This was the first time George (feel) accep
9、ted by the people around him. B单句改错19.2021吉林省吉林市一调I have learned that volunteers for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is needed. 20.2021江西名校第二次联考In the following weeks, as we promised, my parents went to work by bus, and I go to school on foot every day. 21.2021皖江名校联考The US has fell to the 28th pla
10、ce in the latest report measuring social progress worldwide. 22.2021湘豫名校联考But I really doubt whether such classes will helpful. 23.2021黑龙江哈尔滨九中考试Remember that all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. 24.2021江西临川一中考试As is often read in the newspaper, wildlife, especially the rare species, is threat
11、ening with extinction. 25.2021安徽江淮十校二测I once take part in an activity organized by the local community to offer help to some homeless people. 26.2021黑龙江大庆考试Those photos were presented our school and family life, the beauty of nature and so on. 27.2020辽宁五校协作体联考Last term our class hold a meaningful ac
12、tivity which required us to form a good habit in 100 days. 28.2020四川绵阳一诊As the famous saying goes,He who has never been to the Great Wall not a true man. 29.2020河南三门峡考试The situation is even worse in the least developed countries only one tenth of the people has regular access to the Internet. 30.202
13、0广东佛山七校联考Then I thought of the taxi booking app my friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. 题组2 精选真题A单句填空1.2020全国,67 & 68This really excites scientists,Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how t
14、he moon (construct). 2.2020全国,63The artist was sure he would(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. 3.2020浙江,59And, as more children were born, more food (need). 4.2020北京,4Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (t
15、hrow) away. 5.2020江苏,26Instead of getting down to a new task as I(expect), he examined the previous work again.6.2020天津,2You are a great swimmer.Thanks. Its because I (practise)a lot these days.7.2019浙江,62One study in America found that students grades (improve) a little after the school introduced
16、uniforms.8.2019北京,1On the first day of my first grade.I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, How will I make friends?9.2019江苏,33They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals(install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.10.2019江苏,22The musician along with his band members(give)ten performance
17、s in the last three months.11.2019天津,8Amy, as well as her brothers, (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.12.2018全国,64While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life.13.2018全国,69When the gorillas and I frightened e
18、ach other, I was just. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.14.2018北京,7Chinas high-speed railways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.15.2018江苏,31Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we(develop)more conveni
19、ent electronic communication tools by then.16.2018北京,9A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.17.2018天津,13My washing machine(repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.18.2017甲卷(全国),68Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in
20、a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.19.2017丙卷(全国),43Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.20.2017浙江,62Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing.21.2017北京,33People h
21、ave better access to health care than they used to, and they (live) longer now as a result. 22.2017乙卷(全国),64When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 23.2017甲卷(全国),65Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages.24.2017北京,29In the 1950s in the USA, most familie
22、s had just one phone at home, and wireless phones(invent) yet.25.2017江苏,27He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he(follow).26.2017天津,6Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.27.2017江苏,24The publication of Great Expectat
23、ions, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.28.2016浙江,9Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 29.2016乙卷(全国),62So it was a great honour.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 60
24、0-acre centre. 30.2016北京,30The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.31.2016丙卷(全国),62Truly elegant chopsticks might(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.32.2016甲卷(全国),63Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) oft
25、en acceptable.33.2016丙卷(全国),69Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.B单句改错34.2019全国改错One was that. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 35.2019全国改错Now my dream is to.Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas
26、 and efforts. 36.2018全国改错During my last winter holiday, I went.I find a big change there. 37.2018全国改错The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. 38.2017乙卷(全国)改错. once I started the car, my mind goes blank. 39.2017甲卷(全国)改错When summer came, the
27、y will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 40.2017丙卷(全国)改错I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 41.2017丙卷(全国)改错About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 42.2
28、016乙卷(全国)改错Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 43.2016乙卷(全国)改错It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 44.2016丙卷(全国)改错They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my par
29、ents couldnt understand me. A专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)There 1(be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which 2(close) this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it, I 3(consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me. I know that he 4(finish) his paper by Sunday and c
30、an afford the time.He once 5(tell) me that he liked modern art, so I think he will be interested in this exhibition. Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues 6(talk) about it, and some of them said they 7(go) to see it already. The exhibition 8(hold) in ten more big cities in Ameri
31、ca after it goes to San Francisco next week.Ive just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me, saying that he 9(look) forward to going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. Ill go home for lunch now, as I 10(starve).B语法填空2020湖北黄冈高三检测Honeybee populations in the United State
32、s 1(decrease) dramatically over the decades. And a new study suggests that a certain kind of pesticide could be making things 2(bad).The number of honeybees hasnt changed much over the past few years, but the overall picture doesnt look good for an insect that plays 3 important role in our food supp
33、ly. Scientists dont know for sure 4 this is happening. Pesticides and parasites (寄生虫)are the most suspected reasons, according to a study recently published in a scientific journal. One suggests that neonicotinoids, types of pesticides that 5 (use) around the world, are incredibly poisonous to honey
34、bees and other insects. Part of the reason for that is that these pesticides appear 6 (stick) around in the environment and stay dangerous for a long period of time.Though theyre deadly to insects, neonicotinoids are not considered dangerous to humans. An ongoing challenge 7 farmers is finding ways
35、to keep other insects away while 8 (protect)bees. Pesticides may not discriminate the insects they kill, though neonicotinoid makers say the risk to bees is lower when they are used properly. The U.S. Department of Agriculture says its 9 (likely) that theres one magic 10 (solve) to the problem, but
36、there are a number of organizations trying to help honeybees.C短文改错2021安徽合肥调研Last year, I studied as an exchanged student in Paris. When I learned a local Chinese restaurant needed a waiter who could work on the evening, I made a quickly decision and applied for the job. Having some knowledge of Fren
37、ch and Chinese cuisine, I got chance. At first, I mainly laid the table but served the dishes. Then it occurs to me that I could tell some interesting story about many Chinese dishes, which helped attract more customers. The owner of the restaurant was highly praised my performance and even raised h
38、is pay. The experience of work in the restaurant will always remain in my memory.答 案专题一动词的时态、语态和主谓一致题组1限时模拟A单句填空1.fell根据时间状语A century ago可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填fell。注意fall为不规则变化动词,其过去式为fell,过去分词为fallen。2.is valued句意:友谊是生命中最重要的礼物之一,东西方文化都重视友谊。根据前一分句中的is可知,此处应用一般现在时,且it与value为被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数形
39、式,故填is valued。3.have been sent根据时间状语by now可知,此处应用现在完成时; 且谓语动词与主语为被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。4.will follow句意:如果一个人违反了规则,更多的人会跟着他做他们想做的事。此处为主将从现,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,主句用一般将来时。故填will follow。5.renewed分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作并列谓语,根据and前面的谓语动词launched和时间状语early this year可知,空处应用一般过去时,填renewed。6.has been completed根据时间状语since t
40、hen可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语the global network与complete为被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语为单数形式,故填has been completed。7.was painting句意:这是一幅充满深蓝和阴影的风景画,代表着梵高绘画时感到的悲伤,而不是他实际看到了什么。根据句意可知,此处表示正在绘画的时候,应用过去进行时,主语为he,所以填was painting。8.arose根据时间状语(1866-1890)可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填arose。9.tells空处与makes和takes并列作句子的谓语, 应用一般现在时;且空处所在句表示每种乐器都在
41、讲述自己的故事,由此可知应用主动语态,主语each instrument为单数形式,故此处填tells。10.was rescued根据句中的时间状语in 1983可知,空处应用一般过去时;且此处表示大熊猫被救,应用被动语态;且主语Xin Xing为单数概念,故应填was rescued。11.had hung分析句子结构可知,此处作宾语从句的谓语,根据主句中的told和从句时间状语for two days可知,此处需要用过去完成时;又此处表示和一头黑熊在一起,应用主动语态,所以空处填had hung。注意hang为不规则变化动词,过去式和过去分词都是hung。12.has been driv
42、en根据时间状语In the past many years可知,此处应用现在完成时;此处表示大熊猫从低地区域被赶走,表示被动,应用被动语态;主语为单数形式,故空处应填has been driven。13.was integrated分析句子结构可知,此处在which引导的定语从句中作谓语,结合时间状语the other day可知,本句时态应该用一般过去时;此处表示Mother Nature Network被整合到Treehugger,故此处用被动语态;而which指代Mother Nature Network,为第三人称单数,所以填was integrated。14.has been pr
43、acticed分析句子结构可知,空处作定语从句的谓语,根据从句的时间状语since the early Ming dynasty(1368-1644)可知,空处应用现在完成时;安苗活动是被举行的,表示被动;定语从句的先行词为单数概念,故从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been practiced。15.would be allowed根据语境并分析句子结构可知,allow是所在分句的谓语,和所在分句的主语构成被动关系;又根据第二个分句中的would be banned可知,此处应用过去将来时,所以填would be allowed。16.burnsWalking at a qu
44、ick pace of 4 mph是动词-ing短语作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式;本句陈述的是客观情况,所以用一般现在时,故填burns。【知识储备】单个的动词-ing(短语)、不定式(短语)以及从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。17.is pushing句意:中国正在争取在全球经济决策中发挥更大作用。由句意及Now可知,应用现在进行时,填is pushing。18.had felt句意:这是乔治第一次感受到被周围的人认可。This was the first time that.句型中,that从句应使用过去完成时。故填had felt。B单句改错19.isare宾语从句的主语为volunt
45、eers,为复数形式,所以此处应将is改为are。20.gowent根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故将go改为went。21.fellfallen根据语境可知,此处表示过去发生且延续到现在的状态,强调的是动作的结果,故应用现在完成时。且此处又考查不规则动词形式,fall的过去分词为fallen,过去式为fell。22.will后加be或helpfulhelp句中whether引导宾语从句,such classes为主语,will为助动词,句中缺少谓语,可在will后加be,构成主系表结构;也可将helpful改为help,构成主谓结构。23.makemakesand连接
46、的并列结构作主语时,若指的是同一人、事物、概念,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。该句中的all work and no play指的是同一概念,故此处应用单数形式的谓语动词makes。24.threateningthreatened此处表示野生动物濒临灭绝,wildlife是被威胁的,应用被动语态,故将threatening改为threatened。25.taketook根据once曾经可知,本句讲述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。26.去掉were句意:那些照片展示了我们的学校和家庭生活、大自然的美丽等等。此处Those photos与present之间是主动关系,应用
47、主动语态。27.holdheld根据时间状语Last term可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。28.not前加is分析句子结构可知,who has never been to the Great Wall为定语从句,He为主句的主语,主句缺少谓语动词,且此处表示不到长城非好汉,为谚语,故在not前加is。29.hashave当分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,如果其中的名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果其中的名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式。本句中people表示复数概念,谓语动词要用复数形式。故把has改为have。30.hashad根据主句中的
48、谓语动词thought可知,此处要用过去完成时,表示过去的过去,故将has改为had。题组2精选真题A单句填空1.means;is constructed第一空根据前后文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时,主语是it,故谓语动词用means。第二空表示月球是如何构成的,moon与construct之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且此处描述的是客观情况,故填 is constructed。construct vt.建造,构建。2.be chosen这位画家确信自己肯定会被选中。由would可知,此处用被动语态be chosen。3.was needed结合句意出生的孩子越多,需要的粮食就越多可知,mor
49、e food与need构成被动关系,且从句时态为一般过去时,故填was needed。4.are thrown句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。由are可知,应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。5.had expected句意: 他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新任务,而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。根据句意可知,我期望这一动作发生在过去的过去,应用过去完成时,故填had expected。6.have been practising结合Y
50、ou are a great swimmer这个细节,再根据空后的时间状语these days可知,此处需要用现在完成进行时,表动作的持续。即正因为我这些天来一直在练习游泳,所以才游得这么好。7.improved分析句子结构可知,found后是that引导的宾语从句,且从句中缺少谓语动词,同时,根据主句谓语动词found和宾语从句中的after the school introduced可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填improved。8.voiced根据时间状语On the first day of my first grade可知,此处叙述的是一年级第一天发生的事,所以应该用一般过去时。9.
51、will have been installed根据后面的时间状语by 2022可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词install 和 5G terminals之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。10.has given句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据时间状语in the last three months 可知,句子应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与along with前的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填has given。11.was given句意:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语la
52、st week可知,应用一般过去时;此处表示受到了热烈的欢迎,应用被动语态;as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致,故此处应用单数形式。12.is此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,says后的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,又因主语是it,故填is。13.meant空处所在句句意:这头庞然大物对我没有真正的恶意,这与大猩猩没有攻击性的天性相符。根据前文中的frightenedwas可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,故应用一般过去时。14.have grown句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从9 000千米增加
53、到25 000千米。根据句中的时间状语in the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时。15.will have developed句意:2025年,我们有望不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时我们将已经开发更加便利的电子通讯工具。根据句中的时间状语in 2025与by then可知,空处应用将来完成时。16.had been trapped句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子结构可知,空处在定语从句中作谓语,且trap与先行词tourists之间为动宾关系,此处应用被动语态;又因为此处表示在过去动作risked his life之前完成的动作,即
54、过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。17.is being repaired句意:这个星期我的洗衣机在维修,因此我不得不用手洗衣服。语境表示现阶段正在进行的动作,而且washing machine与repair为动宾关系,故此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。18.managed因为engineers与manage之间为主谓关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填managed。19.has been told/was told此处动词tell与Sarah之间是被动关系,根据语境可知此处可以用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,且主语为第三人称单数,故可填has been told。此外,
55、被告知这件事情发生在过去,故也可填was told。20.searched结合后面的turned up及语境可知,此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作,故填searched。21.are living句意:人们现在的医疗保健比过去更便捷,所以现在人们更长寿。根据题干中的时间状语now并结合语境可判断,这里应用现在进行时,叙述当前的情况。22.are removed结合句中的tastes可知应用一般现在时;fat and salt是动词remove的承受者,应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。23.were used结合常识可知,蒸汽机是过去的东西,而且Steam engines与
56、use之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。24.hadnt been invented句意:20世纪50年代,美国大多数家庭只有一部电话,那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。根据句意以及句中的关键词In the 1950s和yet可知,空处用过去完成时;且wireless phones是动词invent的承受者,所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态。25.was being followed句意:他匆匆回家,一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据hurried及句意可知,本题应该用过去进行时的被动语态。【易错点拨】本题易误填had been followed,错误的原因是没有弄
57、清楚动作的先后顺序。had been followed是过去完成时的被动语态,但语境表明,跟踪的动作并未早于主句的动作发生,因此不能填had been followed。26.is regarded句意:如今,与慢跑和游泳一样,骑自行车被看作最好的全面运动形式之一。本句谓语与主语之间是被动关系,表示被看作,应该用被动语态;句子主语部分是A along with B结构,因此谓语动词应在人称和数上与A保持一致,即用单数形式。再由Nowadays可知应用一般现在时,故is regarded。27.was分析句子结构可知,which指代Great Expectations这本书, 故定语从句中的谓语
58、动词应用单数形式;根据句中的strengthened可知,应用一般过去时。故填was。28.had become句意:到大约公元前100年,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上主要的交易商品之一。根据句意及by about 100 BC可知,become的动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。29.was allowed分析句子结构可知,主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系,故应用被动语态;且前一句的was表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was allowed。30.will be rewarded句意:学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会获得成功。语境说学生一直在努力学习(have been work
59、ing hard),由此可知本空描述的是将来的动作,应该用一般将来时;reward与their efforts 之间为动宾关系,因此这里应用一般将来时的被动语态。31.be made此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由带有汉字的金和银做成的。make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是动宾关系,又由空前的might可知,此处应填be made。32.is此处是说把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,再结
60、合句意和空后的often可知,此处叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时。故填is。33.were根据句中的believed可知,此处应用一般过去时;believed后的宾语从句的主语为knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填were。B单句改错34.iswas根据前文中的One was that可知,时态应为一般过去时,故将is改为was。35.requiredrequires由Now my dream is to可知,此处描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,required存在错误,主语是it,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。36.findfound根据时间状语During my last winte
61、r holiday可知,此处讲述的是去年寒假的事情,应用一般过去时,故把find改为found。37.includeincludes该句为一般现在时,且此处主语为that,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。38.goeswent结合句中的started可知,此处应用一般过去时,故把goes改为went。39.camecomes因为主句为一般将来时,所以时间状语从句应用一般现在时表将来。40.hadhave由时间状语in the past few years可知,此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响,故应用现在完成时。41.tooktaken;becomebecamephoto与take为动宾关
62、系,故应用被动语态,take的过去分词是taken。根据句意可知,进入高中第二年和成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员的动作发生在过去,所以将become改为became。42.usingusedfresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。43.hadhave结合上句的is可知,此处叙述的是现在的一种普遍现象, 所以应将had改为have。44.telltold结合felt可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故把tell改为told。A专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)本文讲述了作者准备邀请好友一起去看一个展览的
63、事情。1.has been考查现在完成时。句中的时间状语for the last three days是现在完成时的标志,故填has been。2.will/is going to close; is closing考查一般将来时或现在进行时表将来。根据时间状语this coming Sunday可知这里用一般将来时,或用现在进行时表示将来。3.am considering考查现在进行时。从语境看,作者买了票,现在正在考虑邀请托尼去看展览,因此用现在进行时表示当前正在进行的动作。4.will have finished考查将来完成时。句中的时间状语表明这里说的是对持续到将来的某种情况的推测,用
64、将来完成时。等到星期天的时候,他的论文就已经完成了。5.told考查一般过去时。根据句中的状语once判断,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去的动作。6.were talking考查过去进行时。语境表示当我进办公室时,我的同事们正在谈论这个展览,应该用过去进行时表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作。7.had gone考查过去完成时。主句使用了一般过去时,此时宾语从句的时态与主句呼应,用过去完成时,表示在过去某一时刻之前已经发生的动作。8.will be held考查一般将来时的被动语态。此处叙述的是将来的事情,应用一般将来时,且主语与hold之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。9.has been
65、 looking考查现在完成进行时。时间状语for months表明这里要用现在完成进行时表示较长时间里一直在做某事。10.am starving考查现在进行时。这里表示作者此时很饿,用现在进行时表示当前正在发生的动作。B语法填空几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少。一项新的研究表明,某种杀虫剂可能会令情况进一步恶化。1.have decreased/have been decreasing考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语over the decades常与完成时连用;再结合语境可知,该句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;由该句主语Honeybee populations可知,谓语动词应用复
66、数形式,故填have decreased或have been decreasing。2.worse考查形容词的比较级。上文提到几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少,此处表示某种杀虫剂可能会使情况变得更糟。故填worse。3.an考查冠词。play a role in意为在中起作用,role是可数名词,其定语important的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。4.why考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作know的宾语;根据语境可知,此处表示科学家不能确定这一情况发生的原因。空处在从句中作原因状语,故填why。5.are used考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,
67、空前的关系代词that指代先行词pesticides,在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语动词用复数形式;此处描述的为客观情况,应用一般现在时;use与pesticides是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填are used。6.to stick考查动词不定式。appear to do sth.是固定用法,意为似乎做某事。此处表示这些杀虫剂似乎会在环境中滞留。7.for考查介词。此处表示对农民来说一项持续存在的挑战。故填for。8.protecting考查现在分词。此处表示在保护蜜蜂的同时使其他昆虫远离,在时间状语从句中常省略主语和be动词,且从句主语与protect为主谓关系,故用现在分词。9.unlik
68、ely考查词形转换。根据该句中的but there are a number of organizations trying to help honeybees可知,美国农业部表示,不太可能有一个神奇的解决方案。故填unlikely。10.solution考查名词。空前的magic是形容词,且magic前又有数词one,故此处应用名词单数形式solution。C短文改错作者讲述了自己在巴黎学习时,在一家中餐馆打工的经历。作者能够讲述许多有关中国菜的故事,吸引了很多顾客。1.exchangedexchange过去分词和名词混用。此处意为交换生,用exchange student表示。2.onin
69、介词误用。泛指某一天的早中晚用in,on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。例:on the morning of July 2,on Sunday afternoon,on a cold winter evening。3.quicklyquick形容词和副词混用。decision是名词,其前应该用形容词作修饰语。4.chance前加the/this限定词漏用。此处特指这个机会,所以用the/this。5.butand连词误用。此处表示我做的事情主要是摆放桌子和上菜,该处前后部分为逻辑上的顺承关系,而非转折关系,故用连词and。6.occursoccurred动词时态误用。此处表述的为过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。7.storystories名词单复数误用。根据some可知这里应用story的复数stories。8.删除was语态误用。 此处表示饭店老板高度表扬了我的表现,甚至增加了我的薪水,The owner of the restaurant是praised这个动作的发出者,应用主动语态,故删除was。9.hismy代词误用。根据语境可知,此处表示增加了我的薪水,故将his改为my。10.workworking动词形式误用。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词,此处work为动词,又其作介词of的宾语,故把work改为动名词形式。
