1、.单词拼写1. A witness (目击者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.2. People here are not going to take a leap (跳跃) in the dark.3. Jackie and Ben came to a joint (共同的) decision as to where they would live.4. Hearing that his son died in the fight, he burst (爆发) into tears.5.
2、A small colour television was tuned (收看) in to an afternoon soap opera just now.拓展词汇1. accustomedadj.习惯的accustomv. 使习惯于2. historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的historicaladj.有关历史的historyn. 历史3. assumev. 假定，假设assumptionn. 假想4. patiencen. 耐心patientadj.耐心的5. advancedadj.高级的，先进的advancev. 前进巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨accustomaccu
3、stomed动词ed构成形容词assumeassumption动词去e加ption构成名词.补全短语1. set foot on踏上2. slow down减速3. be/become accustomed to习惯于4. be aware of意识到5. make it做成，成功6. in shock 处在震惊中7. in spite of不管，尽管8. at the very beginning of . 在一开始的时候1. 教材原句American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon. 美国人尼尔阿姆斯
4、特朗是登上月球的第一人。句型点拨the序数词名词动词不定式(作定语)。佳句赏析他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.2. 教材原句Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risk
5、s had to be taken.数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。句型点拨独立主格结构。佳句赏析他进入了房间，鼻子冻得通红。He entered the room, his nose bright red with cold.3. 教材原句The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认
6、为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。句型点拨no比较级than“同一样不”。佳句赏析他与她一样不聪明。He is no clever than her.1. American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon.(P57)美国人尼尔阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。the序数词名词动词不定式(作定语)，当序数词或形容词最高级修饰名词(代词)时，常用不定式作定语。Wool was probably the second woven material to be used for clothes.羊毛大概是第二种
7、用来做衣服的纺织材料。I dont think Henry is the best man to_do (do) the job.我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。不定式作定语还常用于以下情况：(1)由only, last, next 等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。(2)当被修饰的名词(代词)是ability, anything, attempt, chance, decision, desire, plan, need, intention, reason, right, something, time, way, wish 等词时，常用不定式作定语。Im hungry. Do y
8、ou have anything to_eat (eat)?我饿了，你有吃的吗？After the war, they couldnt resist the desire to_return (return) home.战后，他们抑制不住回家的渴望。2. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. (P58) 自从尼尔阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，
9、人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。accustomed adj.习惯的He was not accustomed to political or philosophical discussions.他不习惯政治或哲学讨论。be accustomed tobe used to习惯于(to是介词)accustom v. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯(做)某事She was a person accustomed to having eight hours sleep a night.她是一个习惯每晚睡八小时的人。It took him a
10、while to accustom_himself_to_Chinese dishes.他过了一段时间才习惯了中国菜。3. Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、
11、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。独立主格结构在形式上不是一个完整的句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子。The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。独立主格结构的构成(1)名词/代词形容词/副词(2)名词/代词分词/不定式(3)名词/代词介词(短语)(4)名词/代词名词Nobody_in,_the thief took a lot of things away.由于没有人在家，小偷偷走了许多东西。The boy stood there,
12、his_right_hand_raised.那个男孩站在那里，右手高举。4. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.(P58)但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。witness v. 目击：亲眼看见；亲身经历n.目击者，见证人，证人The witness was telling about the whole accident.目击者正在讲述整个事故的过程。(1)witness to sth
13、./doing sth.为(做)某事作证(2)be (a) witness to 目睹，能证明bear/give witness to 为作证He witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building. 他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑。His good health is witness to the success of the treatment.他健康的身体证明这种疗法是成功的。名师点津除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意思为“是发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。The last half o
14、f the nineteenth century witnessed/saw the steady improvement in the means of travel. 十九世纪下半世纪见证了旅行方式的稳定改善。5. The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.(P58)全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为乘坐这次太空飞机跟普通飞机一样没什么危险。assume v. 假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现I will a
15、ssume responsibility for it.我愿为此承担责任。(1)assume that .假定，认为assume . to be . 认为如何；假定如何(2)assuming conj. 假如assuming (that) . 假设(3)assumption n. 假想We must assume him to_be_innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。Assuming_(that) it is true, what should we do next?假定那是真的，我们下一步该怎么办？联想发散assum
16、ing (that) .相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。类似的词还有provided,_providing,_supposing等。6. We didnt have much patience waiting for the launch.(P59)我们急不可待地等待着发射。patience n. 耐心Teaching children with special needs requires patience and understanding.教育有特殊需要的儿童需要耐心和理解。(1)be out of patience with .对忍无可忍have no patience with
17、 对不能容忍，对没有耐性have the patience to do . 有耐心做lose patience with 对失去耐心with patience 耐心地(2)patient adj. 有耐心的 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be patient of sth. 忍耐某事Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_patience. 每当我犯错误，老师都是耐心地指出来。People have lost_patience_with the slow pace of the reform.
18、人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去了耐心。7. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。in spite of不管，尽管In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。in spite ofdespite(n./pron./v.ing 形式)尽管，不管despi
19、te/in spite of the fact that 尽管Despite their objections, I will do it just the same.尽管他们反对，我照样要做。In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_he has failed the exam, he will never give up.尽管他考试没有及格，但他不会气馁的。名师点津in spite of相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况；regardless of表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”联想发散“inn.of”构成的词组常见的还
20、有：in case of如果，假使in terms of 谈及，在方面 in charge of 负责，掌管 in favour of 支持，赞同 in honor of 为向表示敬意 in place of 代替 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 in search of 寻找advanced adj.高级的；先进的The government is promoting the advanced education.政府正在推进高等教育。(1)advance v. 推动，促进；提前 n. 前进，进展，进步in advance 提前，预先in advance of (发展上)超前(2)adv
21、ancement n. 推动，促进；提升，晋升The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.会议日期已从星期五提前到星期三。Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.科学在过去五十年内有很大的进步。Its unwise to spend your income in_advance.把你的收入预先花掉是不明智的。8. to burst with a lot of force and loud noise (P59)伴随着强大的威力
22、和巨响爆炸burst v. 爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆发If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst.如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然一阵笑声。burst in突然进入(房间等)burst out doing 突然做某事The door opened and Mrs.Page burst_into the room.门开了，佩奇太太冲进了房间。Everyone burst_out_laughing_while the little bo
23、y burst_into_tears.大家突然大笑起来，但小男孩却哭了。.单句语法填空1. I have become accustomed (accustom) to my husbands long absence since he joined the army.2. There are so many historic (history) sites in Beijing that a large number of tourists come to Beijing to visit them every year.3. You must have a lot of patience
24、(patient) when dealing with your kids.4. Without training or advanced (advance) technical skills, theyll be likely to lose their jobs.5. Instructions on how to use this dictionary can be found at the very beginning of it.6. After two hours delay, the plane began to take off.7. They had_begun (begin)
25、 to plant trees by the time we arrived at the destination.8. The cars slowed down as they passed Customs.9. The second country to_send (send) a man into space was America.10. The little boy stood outside the supermarket, eyes _fixed (fix) on the toys.11. Hearing our headmaster was injured, we were i
26、n shock.12. Ever since they set foot on America, they have_been_enjoying (enjoy) natural scenery.13. Most smokers are perfectly aware of the danger of smoking.14. One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.15. The audience burst into cheers when the film star appeared.完成句子1. 他同
27、我一样根本不适合当牧师。He is no_more_fit to be a priest than I am.2. 又惊又喜地，记者离开了。The journalist went off, surprised_and_happy.3. 很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。Many people are_not_accustomed_to living without mobile phones.4. 在这一学期的一开始，他就对足球表现出极大的兴趣。At_the_very_beginning_of this term, he showed great interest in football.5. 我们
28、假定这种理论是正确的。We assumed_the_theory_to_be correct.一句多译1. 尽管一再保证产品是安全的，许多人仍不愿意购买。Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people arent willing to buy it.In_spite_of repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people arent willing to buy it.2. 我们组织一项活动旨在帮助人们意识到保护环境的重要性。We organiz
29、ed an activity to_make_people_realize the importance of protecting the environment.We organized an activity to_make_people_aware_of the importance of protecting the environment.课文缩写语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st July, 1969, people 1.have_become (become) accusto
30、med to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 2.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to 3.be_taken (take). With his famous words：“Thats one small step for man, one giant l
31、eap for mankind”，a dream 4.was_achieved (achieve). Later, people were no longer enthusiastic 5.about a space travel programme because of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, 7.which was the start of
32、a new age of space travel.In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped communicate a sense of 8.excitement (excite) and create new interest in the space programme, exploited just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). The
33、 space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians nor Americans.We are just human beings who have 10.the same feelings.对应学生课下能力提升(十八).根据提示写出单词的正确形式1. As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飞跃). 2. These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) ventu
34、re.3. The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”. 4. Will you act as witness (见证人) to the agreement between us?5. Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.6. He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.7. The ancient Egyptians had adv
35、anced (advance) civilizations.8. After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient). 9. Not accustomed (accustom) to associating with business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.10. How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?.选词
36、填空at the very beginning of， set foot on， be accustomed to， ever since， in shock， be aware of， in spite of， make it1. I havent heard from him ever_since last year.2. Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.3. They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.4. He remains excellent
37、 in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do parttime jobs every now and then.5. Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.6. Work hard, and youll make_it eventually.7. He was still in_shock from what ha
38、d happened earlier in the afternoon.8. Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.完成句子1. 他们无视所有那些危险告示牌，还是去游泳了。They went swimming in_spite_of all the danger signs.2. 他没敲门就闯进了会议室。He burst_into the meeting room without knocking.3. 外面太亮了，所以过了一段时间我们的眼睛才习惯屋里的黑暗。Its so bright outside, so it took our eyes some
39、 time to_become_accustomed_to the dark in the house.4. 老师知道你总是第一个来教室的人。The teacher knows that you are always the first_to_come_to the classroom.5. 天气允许的话，今天下午我们将去拜访我们的老师。Weather_permitting,_well go to visit our teacher this afternoon.阅读理解AWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and
40、effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human b
41、eings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every
42、 successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resou
43、rces to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our
44、 lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!While many r
45、esources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The
46、 danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true
47、that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论说明文。太空探索可以帮助我们很多：减少危险、发现潜在能源和资源等。1. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce p
48、oints for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题，这些问题旨在引发讨论和引出文章主题，并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点。故选C。2. The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “_”. A. survival chances B. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefits D. physical posse
49、ssions解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第四段的spinoffs所在的句子中的关键词benefited以及including后面说的全是获得的利益，如improvements in earthquake prediction等可知，spinoff表示“好处，益处”，故选C。3. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on Earth.C. The adaptive ability of humans.D. Byproducts in space e
50、xploration.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段的“While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.”可知，人类的适应能力会使我们在其他星球上居住成为可能。故选C。4. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Sp
51、ace exploration provided the best value for money.C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章一、二段属于引文，三、四段从不同方面论述太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题，这与D项“help us avoid”相符，故选D。BThe oddness of life in space never quite goes
52、away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the l
53、ook of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat
54、. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbondioxide you exhale (呼气) has a te
55、ndency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhil
56、e your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful b
57、ut at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about kee
58、ping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a roundtrip to Mars.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从
59、不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。5. What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep position.B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own
60、 challenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。6. The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when _.A. they circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起
61、头疼。7. Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. their brains receive contradictory messages解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段“Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhile y
62、our eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.”可以推知他们的大脑接受相反的信息引起他们的恶心。8. One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover
63、after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。.任务型阅读Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to loo
64、k carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1._Go to the original source.Media r
65、eports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 2._Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to” or is “associated with”a
66、n outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.3._ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.
67、4._ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术). 5. _ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about th
68、e health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E
69、. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Make choices that are right for you.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.答案：15GDABF.课时微写作(根据汉语提示完成小作文)At_the_very_beginning_of (在一开始时) the 1950s, China set_out_
70、to_explore (着手探索) space.In 2008 when millions of people tuned_in_to_witness (收看节目来见证) Chinese first spacewalk, they burst_into_cheers (突然欢呼起来). It was acknowledged as a_historic_event (历史事件), which was a_big_leap (一次大的飞跃) in the history of space exploration in China.At the same time, China began its lunar exploration program and China made_it (做到). In_spite_of (尽管) our great achievements, we ought to be modest and work harder.
