1、2014年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 拉分题（较难题目）特训：介绍说明类1Leadership is the most significant word in todays competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal abilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that “how things get done” influence
2、s the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase“Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things”, he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with
3、the terms. When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas
4、forced a reexamination of the early leadership example, which centered on the feature that was found in the character ethic(道德准则) and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on modesty, loyalty, courage, patience and so on. The personality ethic suggested it was ones at
5、titude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personall
6、y manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is essential that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to “put first t
7、hings first,” which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy. 66. What does Peter Druckers phrase infer? A. Leaders should be good at making right decisions. B. Leaders should be good at doing things right. C. Le
8、aders should be good at ignoring the distinctions he associates with the terms. D. Leaders should be skilled in predicting future. 67. Under what condition are people likely to succeed, in terms of what the personality ethic suggests ? A. When people have little determination , they will be successf
9、ul. B. When people have good behaviour, they will gain success. C. If people have positive mental attitude , they are likely to succeed. D. If people have negative mental attitude , they are certain to succeed. 68. How can leaders enjoy outstanding success in their work environments, according to St
10、ephen Covey? A. Firstly they have to think highly of themselves. B. They are supposed to benefit themselves.C. They can not adjust themselves. D. First personally they must manage themselves . 69. What is the meaning of the underlined word “vision”? A. Bright future. B. Good beginning. C. Good scene
11、ry. D. Pretty background. 70. To be good leaders , what must managers pay close attention to ? A. They must pay close attention to universal principles of effectiveness. B. They must pay close attention to their own values, abilities and strengths. C. They must pay close attention to modesty. D. The
12、y must be concerned about courage and patience. 2Kingda Ka, the tallest roller coaster （过山车） on Earth, drops its passengers a life-flashing 418 feet. Ferrari Worlds Formula Rossa, the fastest, takes riders breath away at speeds of up to150 mph. BRC Imagination Arts, a Southern California design firm
13、, has proposed something entirely new: a ride that creates the sensation of zero gravity for up to eight seconds at a time.BRC drew its concept from the Vomit Comet, the plane NASA uses to train astronauts. Its proposed theme-park ride would travel up and then back, similar to the existing Superman:
14、 Escape from Krypton coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in California. But unlike Superman and other open-car coasters, the vomit-comet ride would be fully enclosed. Riders would enjoy the illusion of floating within a stable chamber.To create that illusion, a special motor system would speed coast
15、ers up the track with great precision（精确度）. As the coaster approached a top speed of more than 100 mph, it would suddenly and ever so slightly slow downjust enough to throw the passengers up from their seats and then quickly adjust its speed to fly in formation with and around the passengers. As the
16、 coaster reached the top of the track and began to drop back down, the computer system would continue to match its speed to that of the falling passengers, extending the sensation of weightlessness for several additional seconds, and finally rapidly slow down to a stop back at the base station.Rolle
17、r coasters typically cost no more than $30 million, but the zero-gravity ride would cost $50 million or more, to a large extent because the precision-response propulsion system（推进系统） is so complex. But if someone were to write a check today, Rogers says, his company could be sending riders on weight
18、less journeys by the end of 2014.67. What makes BRCs coaster different?A. Its the tallest roller coaster in the States.B. Its the fastest roller coaster on Earth.C. It can bring a sensation of zero gravity to its riders.D. It is a NASA product.68. Why would people in BRCs coaster have an illusion of
19、 floating in the chamber?A. Because its designed with the inspiration of Superman.B. Because a special functioning motor system is applied to it.C. Because the coaster can approach a top speed of more than 100 mph.D. Because the coaster would cost $20 million more than normal ones.69. At what point
20、could a rider begin to feel weightless?A. When the coaster reduced its speed immediately after it reached its top speed.B. When the coaster began to increase its speed.C. When the coaster reduced its speed to a stop back at the base station.D. When the coaster reached the top of the track.70. What c
21、an we infer from the passage?A. BRC is a famous design firm.B. You feel like a superman when riding BRC coaster.C. BRCs budget cant make the project complete until 2014.D. Kingda Ka and Ferrari Worlds Formula Rossa will close down soon.3For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for
22、 an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.Previous research has shown that culture can affect
23、not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures，for example，condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体)，whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the
24、 Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. ChihMao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than
25、 500 active Facebook users from the United States a nd East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individuals face，while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater
26、smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception(感知），attention, and reasoning in the offline wo
27、rld.“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia”，said Park.The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one
28、 of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the US both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.“ Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteris
29、tics，private thoughts，and social behaviors，” noted Huang. “ As such，the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform. ”63. The underlined word condition” in the first paragraph probably means _.A. adviseB. instru
30、ctC. shapeD. forbid64. We can know from the passage that Mongolians probably emphasize_.A. cultural influencesB. social behaviorsC. independent existenceD. collective power65. It can be inferred that a Korean studying in the US is likely to _.A. use a picture of his face on FacebookB. adjust to Amer
31、ican preferences quicklyC. change his profile photos from time to timeD. put up a photo of his apartment on Facebook66. According to Dr. Huang, Facebook can help to _.A. make up a more extended social contextB. study the diversity of worldwide culturesC. promote communication between east and westD.
32、 combine different cultures from different aspects4Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.If friends help make
33、obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The researchers used informat
34、ion collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a
35、 persons chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a
36、 lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese.Men
37、 had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who
38、lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of peoples health is tied to their social connections.Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medica
39、l issue, but a public health problem.59. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean?A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.C. One might have a positive influence on ones friend.D. Friends usually dont follow each other to lose
40、weight.60. Who is mostly likely to gain weight?A. A man who has a fat brotherB. A husband who has a fat wifeC. A wife who has a fat husbandD. A woman who has a fat female friend61. Which of the following statements doesnt the passage agree with?A. You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny fri
41、end.B. If one gains weight, ones friends are likely to get fat.C. A persons health is closely linked with his /her social relationship.D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.62. The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that_.A. researchers fail
42、to find a more different sampleB. researchers have different ideas for family members and friendsC. researchers can meet these people regularlyD. researchers can compare the results5The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place wo
43、uld be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to represent all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the worlds food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other pos
44、sible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on Earth.An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the
45、 group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if in his words “the worst came to the worst”. Norway is expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandston
46、e mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above zero degrees Celsius. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security doors.The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will co
47、me from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eight
48、een degrees below zero Celsius. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced.Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the worlds most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason.Norway first propos
49、ed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was permitted use of Spitsbergen. New Scientist says the plan won United Nations approval in October at a meeting in Rome of the Food and Agriculture Organization.55. The project is meant to_. A. increas
50、e the worlds food production in the futureB. carry out some scientific experiments on plant genesC. protect crop seeds from dying out in case of possible disastersD. build an exhibition centre of the worlds plant seeds56. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the above passage?A. Th
51、e government of Norway will perform the project alone.B. Seeds to be collected there were produced ten thousand years ago.C. Spitsbergen is chosen because it is away from the threat of unclear war forever.D. Temperature is a major consideration when choosing the storage place.57. We can infer from t
52、he text that_.A. People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every yearB. The storage center will greatly promote the development of world agricultureC. Norway meant to have built the storage centre more than 20 years agoD. There havent been any seed storage centers in the world before58.
53、What is probably the best title of the passage?A. Noahs Ark of Plant Seeds in PlanB. The Best Place to Store SeedsC. Concerns of World Food SupplyD. A New Way to Feed the World6Book reviews can be a great foot in the door if youre looking to get your writing published somewhere. Most magazines, whet
54、her online or print, will include book reviews about books that tackle the topics the magazine discusses. Also, most editors and staff writers are usually too busy to read books and review them themselves (unless they are specifically assigned to a book review column). Therefore, writing book review
55、s can be a great way to get started with a writing career.Many people that are reading your review may not know anything about the book youre reviewing. Instead of making them go find information on their own by searching for the book title, start out with a little description of the book. Make sure
56、 you avoid too long of a summary, though, because if too much of your article is a summary of the book, it wont be interesting. Start with a short paragraph or so that hits all the major points but doesnt give too much away. You dont want to tell your reader everything about the book, because then t
57、hey wont have to read it at all. Just give enough information so your reader is interested in reading the book.Some magazines like to publish book reviews that are completely objective（客观的）. This means that they want a review of the book that doesnt share your opinion and that in which your opinion
58、isnt obvious from reading what you wrote. If you hated a book, it might not be a great book to review. You probably want to review books that you enjoyed. This will give your review a positive spin. Avoid gushing about how much you loved the book, however. You should not include your personal reacti
59、on to the book until the very end, where you include a sentence or two about whether or not you would recommend a book and to whom you would recommend it.A great way to get your review noticed is to look at a book through a specific lens. Read the book as a feminist（女权主义者） would, for example, and ta
60、lk about what a feminist might say to applaud or criticize the book. You can choose any number of lenses, and feminism is just one option. An economic lens, a family lens, the lens of a different nationality, or the lens of a child could all be interesting ways to look at a book. If you look at a bo
61、ok in this way, instead of just reading it and forming your own opinion, it will be much more interesting and marketable. This is especially the case if you look at a lens that relates to the subject of the magazine to which you are submitting. Feminist magazines love book reviews about books read t
62、hrough a feminist lens, for example, because it pertains to their readership.Another great way to write a book review is to talk about the writers style. Anyone can pick up a book and read for the plot, but it takes an experienced writer to note interesting things about another writers style and wri
63、te about them intelligently.67. Whats the first paragraph mainly about?A. Standards of good book reviews.B. Benefits of writing book reviews.C. Ways to get your writing published.D. Topics usually discussed in magazines.68. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good book review?A. Includin
64、g much information on a major point of the book.B. Stating clearly the writers opinion of the book.C. Giving a brief summary of the book.D. Avoiding describing the book.69. The fourth paragraph is developed mainly by.A. giving examplesB. telling personal experiencesC. making comparisonsD. analyzing
65、causes70. According to the text, only a skilled writer can.A. look at a book through a specific angleB. give an objective description of a bookC. find a book and understand its plot easilyD. pay close attention to another writers style7Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-min
66、ded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical（垂直的） line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by the
67、mselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates（同伙） of the experimenter. When the confedera
68、tes deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do
69、 not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come a
70、cross people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone ass
71、umes that someone else will go to the womans assistance.63. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “ ”.A. seek independence B. disobey ordersC. follow what others doD. seek pleasure64. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?A. To explain why people would
72、 be influenced by the opinions of others.B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.65. In the last paragraph, according to the
73、author, why wouldnt one help the woman?A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.66. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?A. Giving e
74、xamples.B. Cause-effect analysis. C. Comparative analysis.D. Process analysis.8. A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the “Hispanic mortality paradox(西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Thei
75、r life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population. The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of white
76、s. “Mortality is very correlated with income, education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.”The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades, b
77、ut this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer. “We dont know,” says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLAs David Geffen School of Medici
78、ne. “We thought it was a problem in the data, but we can pretty much say this is real.”Potential factors: Culture and lifestyle. Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking. Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties. Migration. The “healthy migrant
79、effect” argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And when immigrants become ill, they might return home and die there. “Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services lessthey make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in h
80、ospitals,” Hayes Bautista says. “Its clearly something in the Latino culture,” he says.1. In 2006, Hispanics life expectancy isyears longer than the average of the total population. A. 2. 5 B. 7. 7 C. 2. 9 D. 80. 62. What does the underlined word “outlive” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. T
81、o live longer than. . . B. To live shorter than. . . C. To die out. D. To expect to live. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph three? A. Hispanics were born better than whites. B. Morality is closely related with health care access. C. Whites should have longer life expectancy. D. Even experts cant
82、 explain the phenomenon. 4. What is Mr. Hayes-Bautistas opinion about the paradox? A. He supports there is a problem with the data. B. He intends to trust the cultural factor. C. He believes in the “healthy migrant effect”. D. He thinks health care the most important factor. 5. Which of the followin
83、g inferences is true according to the passage? A. Black people suffer the lowest social status in America. B. Hispanics might have healthier ways of life. C. Only healthy people can immigrate into America. D. White people dont have strong family ties. 9 Education isnt all about classrooms. Homework
84、plays a huge role in student learning. Given how much time we spend studying in a lifetime, and how hard it is to find time to study, techniques that make studying more efficient that is, techniques that allow you to learn more in the same amount of time can be incredibly valuable. One of the most i
85、mportant study techniques that you dont know about is this: Space your studying. What does that mean? If you are going to study something twice (or more), try to let as much time pass as possible between the first and second time you study. For example, dont read your textbook chapter and then revie
86、w it on the same day. Study it and then review it on a different day, and allow as much time to pass between the two study sessions as possible. Better yet, spread your studying across numerous days. You dont necessarily have to study more, you just have to distribute your study time differently. Wh
87、en you sit down to study, mix up your topics instead of studying one topic per day, study every topic a little bit every day. My research team had a combined 50 years experience studying the spacing effect. We should have known better, because our prediction couldnt have been more wrong. Spacing hel
88、ped enormously. Spacing gives you time to forget. This forgetting is a good thing; forgetting is the friend of learning. But forgetting can make you feel like you are not learning. On the other hand, re-studying something right away makes it seem easy to remember. Unfortunately, this makes people fe
89、el that spacing hinders learning. Your intuition (直觉) will tell you that spacing is a terrible idea. And your intuition will be wrong. Dont trust it. Trust the scientific evidence. 1. The first paragraph mainly wants to tell us. A. education isnt all about classroomsB. homework plays a huge role in
90、student learningC. its hard to find time to studyD. learning techniques can be of great value2. The technique “Space your studying” means. A. trying to studying something as many times as possible B. allowing as much time to pass between the twice (or more) as you canC. not doing the same thing on t
91、he same dayD. studying more and distributing your study time differently3. The underlined word “enormously” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by. A. greatlyB. differentlyC. hopefully D. unforgettably4. Why will your intuition tell you that spacing is a terrible idea? A. Because spacing gives you time t
92、o forget. B. Because forgetting is the friend of learning. C. Because spacing can make you feel like you are not learning. D. Because your intuition will be wrong. 10A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the word about yourself, and your other writing. It can unshroud your knowledge, and c
93、reate an ongoing relationship with your readers. A good blog is more than just a marketing tool; its also an expression of your personality. An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more. Post selec
94、tions from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak. If you write nonfiction (写实文学), show people what they could achieve, and give them a few steps to get them started. Give tips, information and advice about the subjects you cover. For example, someth
95、ing about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this. Your writing tips can also be included, as well as interesting, strange or funny things you discovered during your research. Whenever you contact an expert, ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use. You may also
96、give background information about your stories and the locations. Give details of coming posts on your blog, so people can watch out for you, or come and meet you. Personal news will help people feel better connected to you. Include photos of objects and locations in your writing, famous people you
97、meet, the views from your window, and your favorite thingswith a note about where they came from and what they mean to you. Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better, know the subject better, or anything else you think they might find useful, inspiring or entertaining. I
98、f you only occasionally post things on your blog, people have a tendency to forget you. As a writer you shouldnt ever run out of interesting material to fill your blog withand your readers will love you for it. 1. Which is the best title for the text? A. What to Blog aboutB. How to Start a BlogC. Wh
99、y to Launch a Blog D. How to Make Blog Attractive2. The underlined word “unshroud” in the first paragraph means. A. put onB. turn upC. show offD. write down3. Youd better blog about. A. the difficulties of your position to readersB. the entertaining stories you haveC. advice about your subjectsD. ma
100、sterpieces from famous writers4. Personal news on your blog. A. can make people watch out for youB. can make people easily get in touch with youC. helps to leave your privacy knownD. helps you improve your wiring5. What does the author suggest for keeping a blog? A. Posting things on your blog once
101、in a while. B. Adding new stories to it every day. C. Filling it with attractive things frequently. D. Loving it as your life. 11The term “underemployment” has three related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a posit
102、ion that requires less qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaffing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use
103、of. All forms of underemployment have effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individual
104、s, using that number to judge the health of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it also doesnt reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their qualifications. In the first sense, underemployment is a com
105、mon problem in many of the developed world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full. The issue of part-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced into part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a par
106、t-time job because nothing else is available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rather than keeping a full staff at all times. In the sense of
107、shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cuttin
108、g down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do. 1. The purpose of the passage is. A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious todayB. to imply women are laid off more than menC. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”D. to
109、tell the present economic situations2. According to the text, underemployment means. A. the same meaning as the wordunemployedB. employees are not fully taken charged ofC. qualified workers get a low salaryD. people who do manual work for wages3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, . A. the un
110、derpaid workers are includedB. it implies the people who are jobless C. the part-time employees are included D. it shows the employment situation of a country4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph? A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries. B. People with colle
111、ge degrees sometimes take a part-time job. C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less. D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed. 5. Some companies maintain a full staff. A. to compete with others in the futureB. to make preparations for seasonal workC. to get the skilled workers paidD. to ob
112、ey labor laws and union pressures12While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human rights”, we are talking about something more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyr
113、us the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpectedhe set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history. Every person has certain bas
114、ic rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someones sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who m
115、ight want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace. Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full s
116、cope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, adopt a career, select a partner of ones choice and raise children. They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. T
117、hey even embrace the right to leisure. In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, in the wake of World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to wh
118、ich all people are entitled. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. What Are Human Rights? B. Why Do We Have Human Rights? C. How Do Human Rights Come Into Being? D. What To Do With Human Rights? 2. How did the first human rights come into being? A. By Cyrus conquering the city
119、 of Babylon. B. By Cyrus setting the slaves free. C. By Cyrus making his statement about human rights. D. By choosing ones own beliefs. 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A. Human rights can be taken away for some reason. B. Human rights have the same meaning as privileges. C.
120、Human rights can help you live a peaceful life. D. Human rights can be used to hurt others. 4. The underlined word “embrace” in the third paragraph means. A. to seekB. to includeC. to enjoyD. to share5. From the last paragraph we can infer that. A. people would have freedom rather than human rightsB
121、. at the beginning of 20th the more complete rights appearedC. thirty human rights have existed for about 70 yearsD. World War II decided human rights13Very often when I go to look at someones garden and they complain that for some reason it does not feel right to them. What I notice is that the des
122、ign quite complicated. Or, sometimes there is no real design and the layout (布局) just looks messy. Creating a garden without some form of design is like trying to bake a cake without a recipe. With a cake you can add together ingredients (原料) from the cupboard and fridge in the hope that the result
123、will be a perfectly baked cake. Both creating a garden and baking a cake follow outlines for getting a result. Know just when to add something, when to take the mix off the heat or how much oil to use, etc. An experienced garden designer can help you create a garden best suited to you and your lifes
124、tyle, rather than impose their own ideas on you. He will listen to and help draw out your ideas. By keeping the garden design simple you and your chosen designer will have created the structure of a garden, similar to the structure of a house together with some details. A golden rule to remember is
125、that garden design is not about choosing the right plants. Dont get caught up in the idea that you have to choose the right plants for the job straight away. Plant choice comes almost at the last minute in many cases, after you and your designer have created style or feeling you are wanting to have
126、in your garden. Design is about creating a constructable (可构造的) image for the garden, including form and shape, sounds, smells, even tastes and often, believe it or not, plants are never used. By keeping the design simple, especially if you are learning about design or taking on the project by yours
127、elf, you are increasing your chances of a successful design, one that matches your standard for your life. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. Designing a garden as simple as possible. B. Comparing garden-designing with cake-making. C. An experienced garden designers importance. D. Choosing plan
128、ts for the garden. 2. Why does the author use baking a cake in the passage? A. To show the basic steps of baking a cake. B. To imply how simple to design a garden. C. To state baking a cake is very complex. D. To introduce how to design a garden. 3. The underlined word “impose” in the third paragrap
129、h means. A. force B. turnC. improve D. imagine4. By keeping the garden design simple, . A. you can get details from the garden designer B. you will be successful one dayC. you can meet your standards in life D. you can match the structure of a house with that of a garden 5. What is the most importan
130、t for garden design? A. Creating a constructable image for the garden. B. Choosing the right plants for your garden first. C. Inviting an experienced garden designer. D. Not rushing to choose plants for your garden. 14Garlic is one of the most common flavors in our kitchen. It not only tastes wonder
131、ful, but also its very good for your body. It is one of Mother Natures most precious gifts to cooks of all levels. Choose garlic heads that are firm to the touch, with no scars or soft cloves (蒜瓣). If you notice dark, powdery patches under the skin, pass it up because this is an indication of a comm
132、on mold which will eventually spoil the flesh. Store unpeeled heads of garlic in an open container in a cool, dry place away from other foods. Do not refrigerate or freeze unpeeled garlic. Properly stored garlic can keep up to three months. As garlic ages, it will begin to produce green sprouts in t
133、he center of each clove. These infant green sprouts can be bitter, so throw them before using the garlic for your recipe. However, if you plant the cloves and let them grow to a height of about six inches, you can use the sprouts like chives (韭黄) in salads and such. Garlic can also be purchased as p
134、eeled whole cloves, both stored in olive or vegetable oil. It is urgent that garlic in oil be stored under refrigeration to avoid potentially-deadly bacteria growth. If you use a lot of garlic and wish to cut your preparation time down, you can pre-peel and store your own in oil in the refrigerator,
135、 but the best flavor will come from freshly-peeled cloves. Use garlic powder, garlic salt, and garlic juice only as a last resort. To peel a garlic clove, place it on a cutting board on its side, and gently press down quickly with the flat side of a butcher knife. The skin should then easily peel of
136、f. If you find the skin clinging desperately to the clove, congratulations! You have fresh garlic. As garlic ages, the skin is gradually dried-up, making it easier to peel. 1. The passage is mainly about. A. how to select, store and peel garlicB. what garlic tastes and smellsC. where to keep the gar
137、licD. when to reap the garlic2. A dark patch under the skin of garlic means. A. the cloves of garlic are soft B. the garlic has been kept for longC. something wrong with the garlicD. the garlic has been cooked3. The underlined word “sprouts” means. A. new parts growing on a plantB. newly seeds growi
138、ng on a plant C. parts belonging to a branching shapeD. thin skin attached to garlic4. If you want to store garlic, . A. you can keep it in the refrigerator up to three monthsB. youd better keep the peeled in the refrigeratorC. you may keep frozen unpeeled garlicD. you can put garlic in vegetable oi
139、l5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The sprouts of garlic tastes like chives. B. Garlic juice is better than the freshly-peeled. C. A cutting board is helpful for peeling garlic. D. Olive oil is needed when cooking garlic. 15 Stress caused by social situations, such as gi
140、ving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some peoples immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found. The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection a
141、lso had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress. “It turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, L
142、os Angeles, said in a UCLA news release. “For example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, its threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how
143、these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but its been uncl
144、ear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said. Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune systems natural response to potent
145、ially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added. The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.1. Wher
146、e do you first find the study? A. A magazine.B. A website. C. A literature.D. An advertisement. 2. Judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation. A. those who were more sensitive to social rejectionB. those who were purposely put into societyC. those who gave a speech before aud
147、ienceD. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness3. The author quotes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to. A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connectedB. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situationsC. explain volunteers are
148、 sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stressD. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system4. We can infer thatif there is inflammatory response in peoples immune system. A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress B. doctors can ident
149、ify the neurocognitive pathwaysC. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stressD. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced16People can write many things about this life. In this case, precious moments become the compositions of history. What about you? People should learn from each
150、other, thus they need to read the latest news. It is really interesting to spend your spare time and start your day in the morning. How can you get the information? You will never run out of choices, since there are many different resources to read out there. You can say hello to the world by clicki
151、ng the mouse on your computer and you can also read the daily newspaper in your patio (庭院). However, Internet offers fast and effective solutions for the readers. Reading the news on the Internet is just a simple task to do. If you are a mobile person, it is impossible for you to bring the computer
152、and mouse. So, several digital devices are accessible to meet your needs of latest information. You have iPad, smart phone and some other possible solutions. They are your best friends to gain the information about every single thing which has happened in certain part of the world. Now, its time to
153、find the most reliable source. You can easily find the amount of websites on the Internet. They offer news and information about many different things, but only few of them will answer your questions. The reliable and accurate sources will let you read and think further about certain news and inform
154、ation. Definitely, you should find the site with various popular categories of news. There should be some categories such as business, sports and technology. Where should you go now? You will find the answer at News Daily Spot and get the complete information about other issues. For you who love to
155、know more about celebrity and biography, feel free to read the biography (传记) of several celebrities, such as Kourtney Kardashian. Read the news and see the face of the world today. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Many ways exist for us to know about the world. B. Newspaper plays an impo
156、rtant part in our daily life. C. The Internet shortens the distance between people. D. The Internet helps people get more information about the world. 2. You are always on business, so. A. it is convenient for you to carry a desktop computerB. youd better carry several digital devicesC. an iPad will
157、 benefit you a lotD. you only read newspapers every day3. Why does the author say “its time to find the most reliable source”? A. You must find the reliable and accurate information. B. You can get all answers to any questions. C. Various websites will offer the same things. D. You should use your h
158、ead to think over after reading. 4. The purpose of the author is. A. to get us to know more about the usage of InternetB. to advertise for News Daily SpotC. to draw attention to News Daily SpotD. to introduce more famous people5. Why does the author mention Kourtney Kardashian? A. To stress he is th
159、e most famous in the world. B. To introduce the all-sidedness of the website. C. To give answers to the questions above. D. To show off the celebrities of the world. 17A Train Floating On AirA train that floats on air? Its not magic its magnets (磁). And its close to reality. In Virginia USA the fall
160、 of 2002, a train with no wheels traveled on air and carried college students across their campus. In Japan, a whisper-quiet railway engine hovered and raced at 350 miles per hour using magnets and electricity as the power. And in China, a magnet train line linked Shanghai with nearby Pudong Airport
161、. These trains use magnetic levitation (悬浮) technology, “maglev” for short. They use the same rules as the magnets you pick up at home or school: opposite poles of magnets attract each other, and like poles repel each other. How does it work? Powerful magnets on the bottom of the train repel magnets
162、 on the track, which is actually just a magnet-filled guiding way. With a magnetic field of sufficient force, the train will go hovering on air, which seemed impossible to us in the past. When an electrical current is sent through the track, the train moves. Turn the current backwards and the train
163、slows down. Maglev doesnt rely on the friction (摩擦力) of wheels on track, so it can climb a much steeper hill than a traditional train. And it can travel easily in snow and ice, something that could bring normal trains to a screaming stop. 17. This passage is about. A. maglevB. magnetsC. levitationD.
164、 electricity18. Which of the following is a repelling action? A. B. C. D. 19. What can we learn from the text? A. A magnet-filled guiding way is formed inside a maglev train. B. Instead of electricity, magnets are used as the power of a maglev. C. Maglev trains can climb hills with the help of magne
165、t wheels. D. Electric currents decide the movements of a maglev train. 20. What is the difference between a maglev train and an ordinary train? A. A maglev train can climb mountains without power while an ordinary one cant. B. A maglev train can travel in college campus while an ordinary train is no
166、t allowed. C. Traveling without a track, a maglev train is safer and smoother than an ordinary one. D. Floating on a track, a maglev train is faster, quieter than an ordinary railway train. 18阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。British men are encouraged to cry. There are certain thin
167、gs British men like to believe about themselves. The first is that one day they will again win the World Cup. They also believe they do not cry. Over the centuries, Britons are believed to have a “stiff upper lip”. But is this true? Yes, it is. A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British e
168、xpress their emotions reveals that 95 percent of them still contain their emotions. Moreover, while 72 percent think this is unhealthy, 19 percent cant remember the last time they “let it out”. As a result, Kleenex is launching the “Let It Out” campaign that encourages Britons to grab a tissue and h
169、ave a good cry. These days, however, the male Britons attitude toward crying is changing. Though the majority still struggles to open up emotionally, a 2004 study by Oxfords Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly acceptable. Half o
170、f London males admitted crying in front of their mothers. Scotsmen are the least emotional, although they are the most likely to cry at weddings. Peter Marsh, director of the center, said: “Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than weakness. Like with David Beckham, crying because youre droppi
171、ng off your boy at nursery isnt seen as weak.”Winston Churchill was said to be a frequent crier, shedding tears at seeing a survivor in an air raid shelter (防空洞), and when he saw his wife after a long absence. Psychologists say that while society has accepted that men can cry, there are limits. Rona
172、ld Bracey, a consulting psychologist, said: “If a man began to cry when he was having stitches (缝针)in hospital, he would be considered as a wimp(软弱的人). Men still need to be seen as strong when it comes to physical pain.”1. What does the passage mainly deal with? A. Impression of British men. B. Brit
173、ish mens dream of the World Cup. C. Advice on how to control emotions. D. Different attitudes British men have towards crying. 2. Which of the following concerning the British men is NOT true according to the passage? A. They are supposed to easily control emotions over the centuries. B. They are co
174、nfident that they will again get successful in the World Cup. C. About 50% of British men admitted crying before their mothers. D. Nowadays, the male Britons attitude toward crying is changing. 3. The word “contain”in Paragraph 4 means_.A. storeB. hold backC. includeD. stir up4. What does the author
175、 think of the British mens crying? A. They should cry if hurt. B. They should keep firm not to cry to show they are not wimps. C. They should be brave in face of physical pain and cry if necessary when facing other problems. D. They should “let it out”whatever problems they meet with.19阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，
176、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Youre in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation: “I cant believe ita Lorenzo Bertolla!They are almost impossible to find. Isnt it beautiful? And its a lot cheaper than the one Sara
177、 bought in Rome.”They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. Its nice and the price is right. Youve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So, you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency.
178、They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes. Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are startin
179、g to use it. Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that dont pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generationconsumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they dont trust ads. So adv
180、ertising agencies hire young actors to “perform”in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice deceptive (骗人的), but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.”However, one might ask
181、what exactly is “real” about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say its no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. You dont know when a conversation you overhear is just a performa
182、nce. 1. The two attractive young women were talking so that they could_.A. get the sweater at a lower priceB. be heard by people aroundC. be admired by other shoppersD. decide on buying the sweater2. Lorenzo Bertolla is_.A. a very popular male singerB. an advertising agencyC. a clothing company in R
183、omeD. the brand name of a sweater3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company. B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads. C. Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because its too di
184、rect. D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Two Attractive ShoppersB. Lorenzo Bertolla SweatersC. Ways of AdvertisingD. Undercover Marketing20阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Are you
185、tired of looking for love in all the usual places? Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker. With so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like Yahoo Personals and Match. com are helping singles fin
186、d that special someone. Around the world, from America to China, love is now very much online. Singles are flocking to the Internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant partner. Using dating sites is quick and convenient. They can “meet” a lot more pe
187、ople online than they could by hanging out at a club. Besides , many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. They also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until the
188、y are ready to meet someone face to face. Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. In the real world, however, ignoring someone you dont like can be awkward. Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People arent always who the
189、y claim to be in their online profiles. For instance, someone who tells you he is “handsome, successful and single”might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. Safety is another concern. You are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are Mr or Miss Right. Even so, supporters of onli
190、ne dating see things in a positive way. In their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. Online dating experts recommend following a few safety tips: Guard your personal information. Never give out your personal information online. This includes your last
191、name, phone number, home address and place of work. Watch for red flags. Do any of the people you are chatting with make disrespectful comments? Do they try to control you? Do they give false information about themselves? If so, forget them! Meet in a safe place. When meeting someone in person, choo
192、se a public location with other people around. Following these tips and you might be able to find the person of your dreams. 1. According to the passage, many lonely singles dont appreciate the regular dating scene because it is _.A. unpopularB. troublesomeC. convenientD. forgettable2. This passage
193、is mainly about_.A. getting tired of falling in love in a usual wayB. people with false information on the InternetC. new technology to find love through the InternetD. web sites such as Yahoo Personals and Match. com3. Which of the following is NOT a suitable place for meeting someone you get to kn
194、ow through the Internet for the first time according to the text? A. At his/her house.B. At a museum.C. At McDonalds.D. At a bookstore. 4. From this passage, we can infer that_.A. there are mostly homely and unemployed people onlineB. the police had better find criminals onlineC. we can find love on
195、ly through the dating sitesD. following safety tips can ensure a safe online dating experience21阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Houses fall down. Trees fall over. Large holes form in the ground. Could Alaska be sinking?Thats what some villagers in Alaska have been asking themselve
196、s recently and scientists think they know why. Warmer temperatures may be causing Alaskas frozen ground to thaw (解冻). About 85 percent of Alaskas land surface has permafrost (永久冻结带). Permafrost supports the ground above itincluding trees, houses, and roads. But why is the permafrost thawing? Some sc
197、ientists say that human-caused pollution is leading to global warming. And most scientists agree that Alaska has been getting warmer. They say that the warmer temperature is causing permafrost to thaw in some areas. The thawing permafrost can cause problems for people, plants, and animals. The colla
198、psing (倒塌)is a problem in the villages in Alaska which are built on permafrost, and some of them may have to move to safer ground, where there is no permafrost. The Alaskan town of Glennallen saw its old post office collapse. And, according to James Walters, a permafrost expert at the University of
199、Northern Iowa, house-moving companies have been very busy. “Melting permafrost can also destroy trees and forests,”Walters said. “When holes in the ground form, trees fall into them and die. This could turn a forest into a swamp (沼泽), and animals which need the forests will have to move elsewhere.”“
200、The melting could cause severe problems.”Walters says, “This could take hundreds of years, but in the end Alaska will look quite different from what it looks like now.”1. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage? A. AlaskaA Frozen LandB. Is Alaska Sinking? C. Pollution and
201、 Global WarmingD. Alaska Is Polluted2. The main reason why permafrost is thawing is that _.A. the temperature in Alaska is risingB. people in Alaska dont take care of permafrostC. too many houses are built on permafrostD. people in Alaska polluted permafrost3. The following are the results of meltin
202、g permafrost EXCEPT _.A. holes form in the groundB. a forest will be turned into a swampC. some animals have to go elsewhereD. more water will be needed by people and animals4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. When permafrost melts, houses will fall down. B. House-movi
203、ng companies are busy because their houses are in danger. C. To stop permafrost melting is a very difficult problem. D. Most of Alaskas land surface has permafrost. 22阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The principles about applying for jobs have altered greatly lately. In the past, p
204、eople preferred a hand-written application letter. However, nowadays it is becoming more and more common to apply for a job through the Internet. You can find information on the Internet about how to apply for jobs. Information can be found about how to fulfill your application letter, the clothes t
205、hat you should wear and how to carry out the interview itself. The importance of body language is often mentioned, but doesnt always get the attention it deserves. After all, before a word has ever been spoken, your body language will have already given people their first impression of you. Addition
206、ally, your body language will also give out a lot more information. Based on your body language it can be seen if you are self-confident. It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give an impression of whether you are speaking truthfully or not. Body language can show how enthu
207、siastic you are and if you are a nice person, someone who will take his work seriously, but also someone who has a sense of humor and can enjoy a joke from time to time. The members of the application committee will ask you questions, but your answers wont only be oral. The committee will not only p
208、ay attention to what you say, but also to how you say it!Body language will determine first if it“clicks”, and sometimes all it takes is just a few seconds. Everybody uses body language, but it takes place mostly at a subconscious (下意识的)level. Using body language appropriately, you can definitely in
209、crease your chances of getting a job. 1. What kind of people is the text mainly meant for? A. Interviewers.B. Job-hunting people.C. Employers.D. Lay-off workers. 2. We can learn from the first paragraph that_.A. hand-written letters are not used in finding a jobB. the more expensive clothes intervie
210、wees wear, the betterC. body language is more important than spoken wordsD. Internet is of significance in applying for a job3. Using body language well in a job interview will probably_.A. get rid of the interviewers prejudiceB. determine what position one will getC. increase the possibility to get
211、 the wanted jobD. help one remove nervousness4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Those using body language are usually confident. B. Body language is often used on purpose in job hunting. C. Body language is a mirror to reflect ones personality. D. People enjoyi
212、ng jokes are preferred in a job interview.23阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Ame
213、ricans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one survey, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent
214、 of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in the f
215、irst grade and beyond, Japanese preschools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as determination, concentration, and the ability to work as a member of a group. The huge majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. Like in America
216、, there is diversity (多样性)in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents
217、 believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated (一流的)schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing (智能化)in so
218、me Japanese kindergartens. 1. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe_.A. Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents B. Japans economic success is a result of its scientific achievements C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic in
219、struction D. Japans higher education is superior to theirs 2. In Japans preschool education, the focus is on_.A. preparing children academicallyB. developing childrens artistic interests C. developing childrens potentialD. shaping childrens character 3. Why do some Japanese parents send their childr
220、en to university-based kindergartens? A. They can do better in their future studies. B. They can make more group experience grow there. C. They can be self-centered when they grow up. D. They can have better chances of getting a top-rated education. 4. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese
221、kindergartens in order to_.A. broaden childrens knowledgeB. train childrens creativityC. lighten childrens study loadD. enrich childrens experience24阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Education is an expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety. Differences in
222、American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools of
223、fer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming and driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose th
224、eir courses depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The basic goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of community. Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating natio
225、nal unity and “Americanizing”the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns. The teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also
226、because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time learning how to use materials, libraries, statistics, and computers. Americans believe t
227、hat if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation ( 积累)of facts. This is Americas answer to the searching question tha
228、t thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time, “How can one prepare todays child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?”1. The underlined words“reason well”probably mean _.A. persuade firmlyB. list the reasons clearlyC. think logically D.
229、conclude immediately2. It is implied in the passage that _.A. all high-school students take the same coursesB. every student must take practical ability training coursesC. every public school offers the same academic subjectsD. the subjects every student takes may vary3. American schools place great
230、 emphasis on the learners_.A. knowledgeB. accumulation of factsC. creativityD. ability to work with hands4. What makes American education different from others? A. The large number of schools. B. The variety of the courses.C. Its consideration for immigrants. D. The basic goal of education.25阅读下面短文，
231、掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A study has showed that the brain makes decisions about 10 seconds before a person realizes it. Experts involved in the study said that looking at brain activity while making a decision,they could predict the choices the subjects would make, before they re
232、alized that they had made a decision. Lead researcher John-Dylan Haynes, a neuroscientist (神经学家)at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, said that the new findings called into questions for “consciousness”of decisions that people make, and might even challenge i
233、deas as to how“free”people are to make a decision at a particular moment.“We think our decisions are conscious, but these data show that consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg,”Nature magazine quoted (引用) him as saying. Thinking the results“quite dramatic”, Frank Tong of Vanderbilt University
234、in Nashville, Tennessee, said that 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity. During the study, the brains of 14 volunteers were imaged as they performed a decision-making task. The subjects had two buttons before them, each to be operated by a different hand, which they could press when t
235、hey felt the urge to. They were simultaneously (同时地)shown a stream of letters, which appeared on a screen at half-second intervals (间隔). The volunteers had to remember which letter was showing when they decided to press their button.Upon analysis of the data, the researchers realized that the earlie
236、st signal they could catch started seven seconds before the volunteers reported having made their decision. Given the delay of a few seconds in the imaging, they reckoned (估计) that the brain activity could have begun about ten seconds before the conscious decision. The researchers showed that the si
237、gnals were picked up from a region (区域)called the frontopolar cortex (脑额极皮层),which is located at the front of the brain, immediately behind the forehead.While writing about the observations made during the research in his study report, Haynes said that the frontopolar cortex might be the brain regio
238、n where decisions are started. He also showed that the next step in the research would be to speed up the data analysis so as to enable his team to predict peoples choices as their brains would make them. 1. The passage tells us that _.A. we are aware of our whole process of decision-makingB. people
239、 dont make decisions until they realize itC. experts have no way to tell what decision one will makeD. the decision-making process starts before it is made2. The underlined word “subjects”in Para. 2 probably refers to _.A. the topic of the experts research paperB. the scientific subjects that the ex
240、perts were studyingC. the things that experts dont know clearlyD. the volunteers that the experts worked on for their research3. The underlined sentence“consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg”in Para. 4 means that _.A. our decision-making is consciousB. the data contains a lot of information b
241、esides consciousnessC. consciousness is the major part of the dataD. 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity4. The final purpose of the research _.A. is not stated clearly in the passageB. is not acknowledged by expertsC. is to show where decision-making startsD. is to analyze the data p
242、icked up5. The passage implies that _.A. the research has been completedB. the research was conducted by two expertsC. the decision-making process lasts only about 10 secondsD. we may predict what decisions people will make in the future 26阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Three yea
243、rs ago, the president of Harvard, Lawrence H. Summers, got into trouble for questioning womens“intrinsic (内在的)aptitude (能力)”for science and engineering. Recently, a study paid for by Americas National Science Foundation has found that girls perform as well as boys on standardized math tests. Althoug
244、h boys in high school performed better than girls in math 20 years ago, the researchers found that is no longer the case. The reason, they said, is simple: Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys, but now they are taking just as many. “Now that enrollment in advanced math courses is
245、 equalized, we dont see gender differences in test performance,” said Marcia C. Linn of the University of California, Berkeley, a co-author of the study. “But people are surprised by these findings, which suggests to me that the stereotypes are still there.”The researchers looked at the average test
246、 scores of all students, the performance of the most gifted children and the ability to solve complex math problems. They found, in every category, that girls did as well as boys. Janet Hyde, a professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who led the study, said the stereotypes about girls and
247、 math, had taken a toll (造成伤害). “The stereotype that boys do better at math is still held widely by teachers and parents,” hyde said. “And teachers and parents guide girls, giving them advice about what courses to take, what careers to pursue. I still hear anecdotes about guidance counselors (顾问)ste
248、ering (指导)girls away from engineering, telling them they wont be able to do the math.”The study also analyzed the gender gap on the math section of the SAT. Since more girls than boys go to college, about 100, 000 more girls than boys take the test, including lower-achieving girls who bring down the
249、 girls average score.1. What might be the reason to carry out the study? A. To put Harvard University to shame for its presidents prejudice against girls. B. To find out if theres any gender gap in science. C. To help girls to earn equal social status as boys. D. To enroll more girls in advanced mat
250、h courses in the university. 2. Which statement about peoples opinions of girls is NOT true? A. People still find it hard to believe average girls perform in math as well as boys. B. Highly educated people are more likely to accept the fact that girls can do well in math. C. Many teachers and parent
251、s advise girls to avoid careers like engineering based on their talent. D. Some guidance counselors think careers related with math are not suitable for girls. 3. We can learn from the text EXCEPT _.A. girls used to perform worse than boys in math because they didnt take as many advanced math course
252、sB. the stereotype about girls and math may lead to misguided choice of future careersC. the average lower scores of girls in SAT math test prove that boys do better in mathD. the public doesnt accept outspoken prejudice against girls talent for math despite the stereotype4. The main purpose of writ
253、ing the passage is to_.A. report the findings of a research into girls math abilityB. criticize those who hold the wrong belief that girls cannot do well in mathC. prove that the stereotype that girls do worse in math is wrongD. help girls regain confidence in learning math well 27All over the world
254、, libraries have begun the Herculean task of making faithful digital copies of the books, images and recordings that preserve the intellectual effort of humankind. For armchair scholars, the work promises to bring such a wealth of information to the desktop that the present Internet may seem amateur
255、ish in retrospect. Librarians see three clear benefits to going digital. First, it helps them preserve rare and fragile objects without denying access to those who wish to study them. The British Library, for example, holds the only medieval manuscript of Beowulf in London. Only qualified scholars w
256、ere allowed to see it until Kevin S. Kiernan of the University of Kentucky scanned the manuscript with three different light sources (revealing detail not normally apparent to the naked eye) and put the images up on the Internet for anyone to peruse (阅览). Tokyos National Diet Library is similarly cr
257、eating highly detailed digital photographs of 1,236 woodblock prints, scrolls and other materials it considers national treasures so that researchers can scrutinize them without handling the originals. A second benefit is convenience. Once books are converted to digital form, patrons can retrieve th
258、em in seconds rather than minutes. Several people can simultaneously read the same book or view the same picture. Clerks are spared the chore of reshelving. And libraries could conceivably use the Internet to land their virtual collections to those who are unable to visit in person. The third advant
259、age of electronic copies is that they occupy millimeters of space on a magnetic disk rather than meters on a shelf. Expanding library buildings is increasingly costly. The University of California at Berkeley recently spent $46 million on an underground addition to house 1.5 million books an average
260、 cost of $30 per volume. The price of disk storage, in contrast, has fallen to about $2 per 300-page publication and continues to drop.65. The best title for this passage would be _.A. Three Benefits of LibrariesB. Libraries Going DigitalC. Space-saving E-learningD. Security of Electronic Reading66.
261、 Which paragraph(s) in the text offer(s) further explanation of the central idea?A. Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 B. Paragraphs 3 and 4C. Paragraphs 2 and 4 D. Paragraph 467. Which one of the following is mentioned as the advantages of E-libraries？A. Old manuscripts can be moved more easily B. Materials can
262、 be examined without being touchedC. Fewer staff will be required in librariesD. Libraries will be able to move underground68. What does the word scrutinize probably mean?A. keep for a whileB. reprintC. restoreD. examine carefully28阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In my experience,
263、 freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a professor 25 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college. Many of todays students lack resilience (适应力)
264、and at the first sign of difficulty are unable to think out strategies. The hardship can be a failing grade on a test, a cut from the team, or a romantic breakup. It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from lifes obstacles. Parents, who handle every difficult
265、y and every other responsibility for their children from writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their childrens lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today. How many people do you know who are on medications (治疗
266、) to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, dont want to“feel” anything unpleasant and we certainly dont want our children to“suffer”. The resulting problem
267、 is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and solve problems. Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I dont believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than the
268、 past 10 years. What I do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young “adults”with all the responsibilities of life. As parents, we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and
269、 move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood. 1. The best title of the text probably is_ A. Have College Freshmen Changed? B. What Should College Faculty and Staff Do Today? C. What Difficulty Are Freshmen Facing? D. H
270、ow to Get Used to College Life for Freshmen? 2. According to the text, todays freshmen_.A. are not good at dealing with problemsB. often fail in the examsC. cant get along well with classmatesD. have to experience more intense college life3. If freshmen become more mature to face and solve problems,
271、 they should_.A. experience negative emotions themselvesB. ask parents, teachers and coaches for more helpC. receive medications to prevent anxiety or depressionD. put their hearts and soul into the study4. The text is mainly written for_.A. teachersB. parentsC. studentsD. psychologists 29How is it
272、that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows upin a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the younges
273、t, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competit
274、ion was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each otherslives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reas
275、on for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one- on- one time with parents. But that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later- borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothe
276、rs and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love- hate relationships were common among
277、 the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the fi
278、rst two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being morefeminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that
279、those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.1. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means _.A. in a different family environmentB. in a different family traditionC. in differe
280、nt family crisesD. in different families2. In terms of language development, later- borns_ .A. get their parentsindividual guidanceB. learn a lot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficultiesD. pick up words more quickly3. What was found about fights among siblings?A. Siblings hated f
281、ighting and loved playing.B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.4. The word“feminine” (in Para. 4) means _.A. having qualities of parentsB. having qualities of womenC. having defensive qual
282、itiesD. having extraordinary qualities30In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide. Beginning this fall, a number of courses develope
283、d by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses, ” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan. MIT has offered a program called
284、 OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2, 000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard
285、 has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program. The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform. MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120, 000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join
286、 them in offering courses on the open- source edX platform. “Fasten your seatbelts, ” Hockfield said. Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie- Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online. The Harvard- MIT program will be monitored by a not- for- prof
287、it (非盈利的) organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful. 1. According to
288、 this text, edX is.A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWareB. a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC. a Harvard- MIT platform of free online coursesD. a free program online for universities worldwide2. What is said about online education in the text? A. Universities have been trying online cour
289、ses. B. About 2, 000 online courses have been offered. C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online. D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX. 3. The underlined part in the text probably means “”.A. Get ready for the difficultiesB. Get ready for this educational changeC.
290、Get prepared to complete the online coursesD. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses4. What can be said about MITx according to the text? A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program. B. It is another free MIT- Harvard online learning program. C. It is a standard to recogni
291、ze online learnersachievement. D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT. 31The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is
292、 to receive financial support to produceeco-friendly tentsmade of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of th
293、e West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr Dunlop used cardboard material f
294、or his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the Citys private companies which fund new businesses a
295、nd found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mints directors and won their support. Mint has committed around500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr Dunlops business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being markete
296、d fully next year.Mr Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics. For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers a
297、rrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior(外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogeth
298、er there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.1. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for di
299、saster relief2. Mr Dunlop established his business.A. independently with an interest-free loan from MintB. with the approval of the Citys administrationC. in partnership with a finance groupD. with the help of a Japanese architect3. It is implied in the passage that.A. the weather in the UK is chang
300、eable in summerB. most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC. the cardboard tents produced by Mr Dunlop can be user-tailoredD. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users4. The passage is mainly concerned with.A. an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB. some e
301、fforts at making full use of cardboardsC. an unusual success of a graduation projectD. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals32Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news:Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the P
302、ostal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news:With the introduction of a “forever stamp,” it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or 3-cent stamps to make up postage differences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the r
303、egular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, “forever stamps” will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new “forever stamp” is the United States Postal Services (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increase
304、 will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation(通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and the rising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the “forever stamp” an
305、d the savings from not printing as many 2-or 3-cent stamps. “Its not your grandfathers stamp,” says Mr. Saunders. “It could be your great-grandchildrens stamp.”Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says hes in
306、terested in the publics reaction. “This is an entirely new class of stamps,” Mr. Schilling says. He adds that hell buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him richthe volume printed will be too large for collectors. “We wont be able t
307、o send our kids to college on these,” he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commissions decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.1. The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp
308、” is.A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or 3-cent stampsB. to help save the consumers cost on first-class mailingC. to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD. to compete with online bill paying2. By saying “It could be your great-grandchildrens stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever s
309、tamps .A. could be collected by ones great-grandchildrenB. might be very precious in great-grandchildrens handsC. might have been inherited from ones great-grandfathersD. could be used by ones great-grandchildren even decades later3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The inv
310、estment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C. The design of the “forever stamp” remains to be revealed.D. 2-or 3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.4. What can be concluded from the passage?A. With forever stamps
311、, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps.C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.33In June, 2007, a group of students from eigh
312、t high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canadas Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubiks cube.The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to
313、several years, communicating information that could help find the early signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the sate
314、llite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper, it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity
315、to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class
316、educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery, said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjonson. “We want to make science more relevant (相关的
317、), interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space, Bjonson added.The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It al
318、so shows Manitobas devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforceall important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.1. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is.A. named after Manitoba and its shapeB. intended for international communicationC. designed
319、 like a Rubiks cube both in shape and sizeD. challenged by university students around the world2. According to Mr. Bjonson,.A. those Manitoba high school students are worth praisingB. the study of space can be practically made in classroomsC. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of spaceD.
320、 scientific research is too far away from high school students3. The primary purpose of the project is to.A. find the early signs of earthquakesB. relate studies to practical experienceC. help high school students study real-world engineeringD. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the student
321、s4. The best title for this passage may be.A. Manitoba SchoolB. Win-Cube ProgramC. Space CooperationD. Satellite Launching34A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous. Sc
322、ience can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influence
323、d by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scien
324、tifically possible will be donesomewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement
325、 in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge
326、 impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts o
327、f people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. 1. What can we conclude from the recent study? A. People think highly of science. B. People hold mixed opinions about science. C. Science is getting dangerously out of control. D.
328、 Science is used for both good and bad purposes. 2. According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control? A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down. B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science. C. The public will lose faith in bring
329、ing about a bright future. D. People will work more actively to put science under control. 3. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because.A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomesB. the ties between different areas need strengtheningC. united efforts are necessary for the
330、 development of scienceD. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers. B. The development of science mostly lies in peoples attitudes. C. Mankind can largely take control of science with
331、their efforts. D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. 35Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever
332、 when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story
333、 of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming
334、, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an except
335、ion to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to le
336、arn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
337、?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general
338、rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is.A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies4. What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. It lea
339、ds to failure in college exams.B. Its helpful only in a limited way.C. Its possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases studentslearning interest.36Humpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The
340、 name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body
341、not of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of head. It blows a double s
342、tream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and wh
343、ite spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize:14m18m in length;3050 tons in weightLivingenvironment:Open ocean and shallow coastlin
344、e watersMigration:From warm tropical(热带的)waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eatDiet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish
345、are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Currentstate:Endangered:it is estimated that there are about 50007500 humpback whales worldwide.1. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesnt live in the same waters all the timeC. lives main
346、ly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump highC. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks3. From the passage we can learn that
347、a humpback whale.A. has its unique markings on its tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songs37“Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churc
348、hill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to
349、 do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complic
350、ations(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories in
351、teresting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his g
352、ift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Dont pick it up looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.1. According to the text,James March is.A. a po
353、et who uses experience in his writingB. a teacher who teaches story writing in universityC. a researcher who studies the way humans think and actD. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions2. According to James March,experience.A. is overvaluedB. is easy to explainC. should be act
354、ively soughtD. should be highly respected3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Experience makes stories more accurate.B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more
355、 accurately described.4. Whats the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To describe a researcher.C. To explain experiential learning.D. To discuss organizational decision making.38The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city is a
356、ccepting the digitalization (数字化) of everyday life. Set to open in 2013, the 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment. As digital media (媒介) is important toits idea, the project is already providing chances for some
357、 of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies. Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning:“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It
358、is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public. Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go onlin
359、e to visit the Virtual (虚拟的) LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. Two other sma
360、ll Birmingham-based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of develo
361、pment. And The Peoples Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material. Gambles says:“Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services ope
362、n to citizens as never before.”1. The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of.A. the equipmentB. the projectC. the digital mediaD. the physical library2. While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can.A. get a general idea of the LoBB. meet many world-famous expertsC. learn h
363、ow to put up a library buildingD. understand how the specialists work on the project3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens? a. It offers better learning tools.b. It reaches users in different ways.c. It provides users with smart phones.d. It allows users to enrich its material.e.
364、 It gives non-stop physical and digital services.A. a, b, dB. a, c, e C. b, c, dD. b, d, e4. The text is most probably taken from.A. a computer bookB. a library guideC. a project handbookD. a newspaper report39Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. Important words to learn:EEssential I
365、Improver A Advancedpump/pmp/nouncDEVICE 1a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another:a water/bicycle/fuel pump a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE2USUALLY PLURALUS(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the fo
366、ot which is worn by women 3USUALLY PLURALa type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancers shoe, which is worn by women 4USUALLY PLURALUK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sportsverb LIQUID/GAS1T USUALLY*ADV/PREPto force liquid or gas to move somewhere:Our latest machine
367、can pump a hundred gallons a minute. The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2TINFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct:She was pumping me for details of the new project. idioms pum
368、p sbs hand to SHAKE someones hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)pump Iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise:These days both men and women pump iron for fitness. phrasalverbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something op
369、erate successfully:They had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results. pump sth outMREMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turns pumping out the boat. PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that
370、 is repeated, forceful and continuous:The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda. The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.pump out sth If someones stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube:She had to go to hospital to h
371、ave her stomach pumped out. pump sb upMINFORMAL to make someone feel more confident or excited:He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. RThe players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game. pump sth upM1 to fill something with air using a pump:Have yo
372、u pumped up the balloons yet? I must pump the tyres up on my bike. 2INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports. Lets pump up the volume a bit! pump-action/pmp. k. n/ adjective BEFORE NOUNdescribes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air,
373、in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun a pump-action toiletpump priming nounUSPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money:The government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their
374、own businesses. pun/pn/nounCa humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:She made a couple of dreadful puns. This is a well-known joke based on a pun:“Whats black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “ verbI(-nn-)to make a punpunch/pnt/
375、noun HIT1Ca forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand):She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose. EFFECT2Uthe power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3C OR Ua cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit
376、and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4Ca piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:a ticket punch Have you seen the hole punch anywhere? verbTHIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand):He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US
377、 to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. This belts too bigIll have to punch an extra hole in it. idioms punch sbs lights out INFORMAL to h
378、it someone repeatedly very hardpunch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again. 1. What does the word “pump” mean in “He ran in every five mi
379、nutes to pump me about the case” ? A. Talk with.B. Ask for information.C. Listen to.D. Provide with evidence.2. When Sally says “The TV program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be.A. excitedB. interestedC. annoyedD. worried3. What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a
380、 pump-priming program? A. Sums of money.B. Raw materials.C. Human resources.D. Media support.4. When Sylvia says “His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not.A. fluent and impressiveB. logical and movingC. informative and significant D. interesting and powerful40Decision- maki
381、ng under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people m
382、ake choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one expe
383、riment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurate
384、ly and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mi
385、nd. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While b
386、oth men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which
387、 risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the
388、 risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively2. According to the researc
389、h, stress affects people most probably in their.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation,.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow
390、 downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks41For five days, Edmontons Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. Since its beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Fo
391、lk Music Festival has been commemorating (纪念) the true feeling of what folk music is all about and thats the traditional togetherness (友爱) that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song. This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time t
392、o the festival. “People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation,” Riedel said. “Its really easy to relax, and its great seeing family and friends have fun together.” These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues
393、are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyones musical interests. With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible. There are free water stations t
394、hroughout the venue (举办地) for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back. The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jak
395、ob Dylan, its easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes
396、 after the gates close. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug. 4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund (基金) concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug. 8. 1. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to.A. gather people with different musical tastesB. remind p
397、eople of the real sense of folk musicC. exhibit the good voices of great talents in folk musicD. collect old stories of folk music2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5 years.B. Its hard for people to appreciate Blues. C.
398、 It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.D. People have to pay $2 for a plate of food.3. We can learn from the passage that.A. people can get tickets easily for the festivalB. the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is well organizedC. driving ones own car to the festival is high
399、ly recommendedD. bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Folk Music of Blues B. One Festival for AllC. Festival for Family Gathering D. Edmontons Downtown Park42Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt
400、 Ridley.” The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational, because hes carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable
401、 and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of rese
402、arch. Heres how he explains his views. 1) Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient trans
403、port, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be. 2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer, healthier, talle
404、r, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood, clothing, fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to
405、 pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today its half second. 3) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃烧) elect
406、ricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a no
407、se-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks. 1. What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book? A. Weakness of human nature.B. Concern about climate change.C. Importance of practical thinking.D. Optimism about human progress.2. How does Ridley look at shopping? A. It encourages the creatio
408、n of things.B. It results in shortage of goods.C. It demands more fossil fuels.D. It causes a poverty problem.3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that.A. oil lamps give off more light than candlesB. shortening working time brings about a happier lifeC. advanced technology helps to produce
409、 better candlesD. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.C. Peoples health is closely related to climate change. D. Careless
410、 medical treatment may cause great pain.43Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there
411、may be more to discover. One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fre
412、d H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behaviour. Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be“punished” for joining in the cho
413、rus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure? What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separ
414、ate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “
415、roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence. 1. What is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus? A. The act of calling each other.B. The sense of accomplishment.C. The act of hunting for something.D. The sense of belonging to a grou
416、p.2. Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong? A. Wolves separate from each other after howling.B. Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.C. Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.D. Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.3. Researchers ar
417、e sure that wolves often howl to.A. show their ranksB. find their companionsD. express their loneliness4. “Howling. . . is a contagious behaviour” (in the last paragraph)means.A. howling is a signal for huntingB. howling is a way of communicationC. howling often occurs in the morningD. howling sprea
418、ds from one to another44According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway
419、, however, could help put them anywhere. The project, called Hywind, is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2. 3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a fl
420、oating spar(see picture), a technology Hywinds creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent t
421、he turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywinds stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern N
422、orway as early as September. To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar
423、s centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the oceans surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture). Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm tec
424、hnology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up
425、vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available. 1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deep-sea waterC. the blades driven by strong and s
426、teady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface2. To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting.A. on the sea floorB. on the spar topC. at sea levelD. behind the blades3. Wide applications of deepwater wind
427、power technology can.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea45A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with t
428、he unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephan
429、t, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other
430、 as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian ele
431、phants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed t
432、hat African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3. 5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2. 5 metres. The sav
433、anna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of An
434、imal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive
435、 animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”1. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of.A. the Asian elephantB. the forest elephantC. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant2. The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 mean
436、s “.AA. evolutionB. exhibitionC. separationD. examination3. The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants.A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population4. What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about? A. The conservation of African elephants.B. The purpose of studying African elephants
437、.C. The way to divide African elephants into two units.D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants.5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Naturalists Beliefs about ElephantsB. Amazing Experiments about ElephantsC. An Unexpected Finding about ElephantsD. A Long
438、 Scientific Debate about Elephants参考答案1. 66-70 ACDAB2. 67-70 CBAC3. 63-66 CDAB4.59-62 BDAD5. 55-58 CDCA6. 67-70 BCAD7.63-66 CBDA8. CADBB9. DBAB10.ACBBC 11.CBBAB12. ACCBC13.ABADD 14.ACABC 15. BABA16.DCDCB 17. ABDD18.DCBC 19.BDCD 20.BCAD 21.BADB 22.BDCC 23.CDDC 24.CDCD 25.DDBA 26.BBCA 27. BACD28.AAAB29.ABDB30.CABC31.1-4 BCCA32.1-4 CDCA33.1-4 CADB34.1-4 BCDB35.ADAB36.1-3 BAA37.1-4 CABA38.1-4 BAAD39.1-4 BCAD40.AAD41.1-4 BABB42.1-4 DADB43.1-4 DCBD44.1-3 BCD45.1-5 DCAAC
