1、第二部分 语法专题专题四 代词1(2017天津卷)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.It解析：句意：就在我返回我的公寓的时候，我第一次偶遇了我的新邻居。根据语境和结构可知，本句考查强调句式，被强调部分为 when 引导的时间状语从句，根据基本结构“It is/was.that.”可知设空处填 It。2(2016浙江卷)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK
2、.解析：句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查替代词。原句应为：In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from the education system in the UK.然后考虑用 that 代替特指的单数名词。that3(2015重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September,butknows the date for sure.解析：句意：会议将在 9 月份召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的 but 可知此处应该用表示否定
3、意义的 nobody。nobody4(2015四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas,butis useful to my knowledge.解析：句意：Niki 总是有很多想法，但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都没。none5(2015天津卷)The quality of education in this small school is better thanin some larger schools.解析：句意：这所小学校的教学质量比一些更大的学校的(教学质量)更好。本句需用 that 替代前面的 the qu
4、ality of education，以避免重复。that6(2015陕西卷)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.解析：句意：为了使自己暖和，那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other 两者中的另一个。other代词的分类 代词分为九类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、不定代词1something,anything,nothing 用法比较something(1)一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被认为是重要的或值得注意的事(2)也可用于疑
5、问句，表示请求、邀请、征询意见等anything(1)表示“任何东西，任何事物”，一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(2)也可用于肯定句，当“任何事情”讲(3)anything but 根本不nothing表示“没有什么，没有一件东西”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义_ is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for _
6、 in return.在村子里待的那段时间，詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切，而不要任何东西作为回报。2none,nothing,no one/nobody 的用法比较nonenone 既指人也指物，后面可接 of 短语，一般用来回答 how many,how much 和 which 的提问nothingnothing 只指事物，后面不能接 of 短语，用来回答 what 的提问no one/nobodyno one 和 nobody 只指人不指物，其后不接 of 短语，一般回答 who 的提问How much money do you have?_.你有多少钱？一点儿也没有。What
7、have you been doing today?Oh,_ special,just hanging around.今天你都干了什么？哦，没有什么特别的，只是闲逛。3the other,other,another,others 的用法比较the otherthe other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词，表示“另外的”otherother 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another 后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”o
8、thers单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some 一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用 the othersIll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。I felt so bad yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.昨天我感觉很糟，所以今天早上我决定再也不能面对像那样的一天了。Under
9、standing how _ feel can be a challenge for kids.明白别人的想法对于孩子们来说也可能是一个难题。4it,that,one 的用法比较it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put it.thatthat 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于 the单数/不可数名词The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.The scenery in the sout
10、hern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为 onesWeve been looking for a cheap house but havent found one yet.The book on the desk is better than the one(the book)under the desk.5.both,all,either,any,neither,none 的用法比较都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者
11、以上allanynoneAs the two dictionaries are useful,Ill take _ and _ of them is very important to me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，任何一本对我来说都非常重要。_ horses are animals,but not _ animals are horses.所有的马都是动物，但并不是所有的动物都是马。Because Henry and Mark had to work,_ of them came yesterday.由于亨利和马克要上班，所以两人昨天都没来。6不定代词用于固定搭配中nothi
12、ng but 仅仅，只是anything but 决不something of 有几分，略微or something 诸如此类的人或物all but 几乎，差不多every other day 每隔一天each other 两者互相one another 三者或三者以上互相答案：1.Nothing anything2None nothing3another others5both;either All,all neither二、指示代词指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this 可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that
13、可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物；作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在 believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess 等词后用 so 代替前文提出的观点 _ is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous.这就是网络的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。The quality of education in this small school is better than _
14、 in some larger schools.这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。答案：Such that三、反身代词的用法含有反身代词的习惯用语：devote oneself to 致力于dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 玩得高兴help oneself to 随便吃，随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make oneself at home 不受拘束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学come to oneself 恢复知觉behave oneself 表现
15、得体，有礼貌apply oneself to 致力于by oneself 独自地of oneself 自动地四、it 的用法1指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。Its early spring,but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。2指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词 this,that。Although he didnt like it,I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。3当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用 it 来指代。What w
16、ill you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it 作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj.(for sb.)to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible 等。Itbeadj.(of sb.)to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clev
17、er 等。It is no good/no use/useless doing sth.Its(well)worth doing.Itbe名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/.)/adj.that 从句It特殊动词(seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb./.)that 从句Itbe过去分词that 从句Ittakes(sb.)some time/some money to do sth.(2)it 作形式宾语的常用句型：主 语 think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/.it adj./
18、n.(for/of sb.)to do/从句 主 语 think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/.it useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time(money/energy/.)doing.主 语 think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/.it important/necessary/natural/essentialthat.(should)._ is dangerous for you to swim in the riv
19、er.你在这条河里游泳是危险的。He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用 it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like,dislike,hate,appreciate,depend on,rely on,count on 等。I would appreciate _ if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。5it 的固定搭配When it co
20、mes to.当涉及make it 成功；确定时间后(后接时间类名词)as it is 事实上；照原样get it 明白了答案：4.(2)It,it(3)it.单句语法填空1You must see to that the machine functions well.2When comes to playing football,Mike came to life.3My uncle made to the station before the train pulled out.4I feel my duty to look after my sick mother.5The student
21、s are doing a thorough cleaning.Some are cleaning the windows.are sweeping the floor.6We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light(one)ititititOthersones7You can make it on Saturday or Sunday.is OK to me.8There are two shirts on the shelf but fits me well.9I want to drink some water
22、but is left in the bottle.10 of his parents are fond of modern art and they often go to see the works on show.11I want a pen,that writes well.12The weather in my hometown is warmer than in this town.13The apples on the tree are bigger than in the basket.14Alices voice cant be any worse.She is but a
23、singer.15 is difficult if you put your heart into it.EitherneithernoneBothonethatthoseanythingNothing.单句改错1Generally speaking,the cost of living in a big city is higher than it in a town.2My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.3Jennie was as
24、ked a lot of questions,and to the interviewers surprise,she couldnt answer some of them.4To learn more about the National Museum,you can use the Internet or go to the library,or either.5I was so stubborn that I wouldnt say sorry to him,believing he had done nothing wrong.it 改为 thatanything 改为 someth
25、ingsome 改为 anyeither 改为 bothhe 改为 I6When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge and expressed us appreciation for their hard work,they looked a little surprised at first.7Our parents check our bags to make it sure were not getting into trouble.8To my great relief,he brought textbooks with them and
26、helped me with my lessons.9After that,they showed us how to operate a fire extinguisher,and even gave our chances to practice using it.10So,instead of giving us answers immediately,he encourages us to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions.us 改为 our去掉 itthem 改为 him 或 he 改为 theyour 改为 usm
27、yself 改为 ourselves.语篇填空If you know me well,you would know I dont like birthday parties.At least,I dont like birthday parties given for _1_.I enjoy them when theyre for _2_，but when theyre for me,I just dont like _3_.I remember one birthday party some friends of _4_ had for me when I was a student at
28、 the university.Of course,I had told _5_ best friend Henry that I didnt want a party and I made him promise he wouldnt do _6_.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe _7_.On the day of my birthday,we got home from school at about,oh,I dont know,three or half past three.We went inside and
29、 as usual _8_ went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴帘),a kind of strange female voice started singing,“Happy birthday to you.Happy birthday to you.”And then from all over the room,people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding eve
30、rywhere in the room._9_ had got my roommates key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset _10_ plans by going in just to wash my hands.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.me othersthemminemyanythinghimITheytheir.短文改错I took pa
31、rt in a teenage summer camp last month.We helped at a national park in a week.We did different things every day,so I did get a bit annoyed because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.It was really good fun,although we work incredibly hard.One day,the schedule was changed at the last minute,and
32、instead of our planned active,we all helped the staff to finish cut the weeds by the lake.That was the much toughest dayand also the best.Every day,they took turns to cook in teams of five.When it was our teams turn,we made a simply dinner for everyone.Judging by the fact that there was no left,I th
33、ink that our team did great job.答案I took part in a teenage summer camp last month.We helped at a national park infor a week.We did different things every day,sobut I did get a bit annoyed because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.It was really good fun,although we workworked incredibly hard.O
34、ne day,the schedule was changed at the last minute,and instead of our planned activeactivity/activities，we all helped the staff to finish cutcutting the weeds by the lake.That was the much toughest dayand also the best.Every day,theywe took turns to cook in teams of five.When it was our teams turn,we made a simplysimple dinner for everyone.Judging by the fact that there was nonothing/none left,I think that our team did a great job.
