1、（全国卷）2021届高三英语下学期模拟试题03（含解析）第一部分 语言运用 （共80分）一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AProgramming Volunteers Wanted!Jefferson Public Radio(JPR)currently has multiple opportunities for talented community members to join the volunteer programming staff. If you have extensive
2、(广博的) knowledge and love for one or more of the many types of music JPR broadcasts, wed love to start that conversation. Our current opportunities include: Open Air Host (Weekdays)JPRs signature music show is in need of a few new amazing substitute hosts(代理主持人)! Were looking for people with unlimite
3、d curiosity about artists and musical styles, an artistic sensibility, and the desire to share music with others. Well need you both for training and for the real deal either from 8: 30 am to noon, or from 11: 30 am to 3 pm. If youve ever dreamt of doing a “dream job” like playing music on the radio
4、, wed love to have you. Plus， you ll be able to explore our 25,000 album music library and get to use our brand-new studios! Classical Music Host (Weekdays) We re presently on the lookout for one or two people able to share their passion for classical music with the JPR audience on an occasional sub
5、stitute basis. You must have a deep knowledge of classical music, solid pronunciation skills and a fair bit of computer proficiency(精通) to be successful, plus have time in your schedule to be available(有空的) weekdays between7 am and 4 pm. Well provide all of the training to have you sounding like pro
6、(职业主持人) in no time. If you are interested, please send an introductory email to Eric Teel (teel(sou. edu) stating why you are interested and why you think youd be a great fit with the other excellent community volunteers who keep JPR running smoothly. No phone calls, please.1. What is required if yo
7、u want to join the programs? A. Having a conversation with Eric Teel. B. Receiving work-related training. C. Learning about a pro as much as possible. D. Having relevant host experience.2. What should be included in your email? A. A letter of recommendation. B. Your varied musical interests. C. Why
8、youre suitable for the position. D. How youll contribute to the running of JPR.3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To raise money for JPR. B. To find volunteers for JPR. C. To introduce a smart career move. D. To encourage the music industry.【答案】1-3 BCB【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章是一则美国杰斐逊公共广播电台招聘代理主持人的信息。1.B。
9、细节理解题。根据Open Air Host (Weekdays)部分中的Well need you both for . or from 11:30 am to 3 pm以及Classical Music Host (Weekdays)部分中的Well provide all of the training to have you sounding like a pro in no time可知，你若想参加这两个项目，先得接受岗前培训。2.C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的why you think youd be a great fit . JPR running smoothly可知，你需要
10、在邮件中说明你适合这个岗位的原因。3.B。推理判断题。根据标题Programming Volunteers Wanted!以及第一段中的Jefferson Public Radio . join the volunteer programming staff可知，本文旨在为美国杰斐逊公共广播电台招聘志愿者。BStepinac has become one of the first high schools in the country to drop all textbooks and replace them with a “digital library”. When students s
11、tarted classes on Monday, they would install an app on their tablets or laptops and get instant access to all 40 texts in the Stepinac curriculum. Dennis Lauro, director of an information center which provided technical support for public schools in New York, said neither he nor his colleagues were
12、aware of a similar digital effort in a public school setting. “This is the wave of the future,” Lauro said. “Im not surprised that private school would beat the public schools to it. They have the ability to just do it. There is so much politics involved in public schools, and when it comes to a mov
13、e like that, they need approval from boards and committees.” For Tom Collins, Stepinacs president, the commitment to digital source material was not so difficult a decision. In the past, students families had to spend up to $700 a year on textbooks. This year-after the one-time purchase of a tablet
14、or laptop families only need to pay $150. Using the digital library is almost as easy as opening a new book. A student can instantly open a map of Egypt or a speech by President John F. Kennedy in a digital book. A teacher can show a page from a digital book on a whiteboard at the front of the class
15、 or send students a link to a particular math problem with notes added in. The first few weeks may bring some challenges. Stepinac officials expect some parental discomfort over dropping concrete books. They recognize there may be technical faults at first. And they will have to encourage students t
16、o leave space-eating photos and music off their tablets - and to keep their tablets charged.4. What is going on in Stepinac? A. Its building a new library. B. Its reforming its textbooks. C. Its updating its digital resources.D. Its changing its management pattern. 5. By saying the underlined senten
17、ce, Lauro believes _. A. private schools have their advantages B. public schools face great challenges C. the effort is to cause instant changes D. its a trend for schools to go digital6. Which of the following is the advantage of using the digital library? A. It helps students to remember well. B.
18、It helps save money for the students. C. It includes all the knowledge students want to learn. D. It gives students the chance to learn high technology.7. Who may worry about the move in Stepinnc? A. Officials. B. Technicians.C. Parents. D. Teachers.【答案】4-7 BDBC【语篇解读】 Stepinac中学正在尝试对传统的教科书进行改革，使用数字图
19、书馆教学。这是未来教学的发展趋势，但是家长们对这一改革心存疑虑。4. B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Stepinac中学放弃了传统的教科书，改用数字图书馆进行教学。因此, Stepinac中学正在对教科书进行改革。5. D句意理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知, 在Lauro看来，私立学校先于公立学校使用数字图书馆进行教学一点儿也不奇怪，因为私立学校有更多的自由。而 Lauro持有这种观点的前提是他赞同“数字化是未来教学的发展趋势”这一说法, 故D项符合语境。6. B推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，在过去, 学生一年需要支付的教科书费高达700美元, 而在今年, 一次性购买电脑后,
20、学生只需支付150美元。由此可推知，使用数字图书馆可以帮学生省下一些教材费。7. C细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，有些父母可能会对学校摒弃使用传统教科书的做法心存疑虑。C When is cleaning walls a crime? When youre doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti (涂鸦). The
21、y find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, its the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollu
22、tion in our cities.The UKs Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been appointed by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements. Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulos transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006
23、 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of series of white skulls (颅骨), the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. “Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they dont give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and conse
24、quently for themselves,” says Orion.The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Mooses work: “
25、Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighborhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?As for the
26、Brazilian artists work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned. The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take furth
27、er action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.8. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti?A. It uses paint to create anti-pollution images.B. It creates a lot of trouble for local residents.C. It causes lots of distraction to drivers.D. It turns dirt
28、y walls into artistic works.9. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?A. He was good at painting white skulls.B. He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art.C. He suggested banning all polluting cars.D. He was fond of doing creative artworks.10. What does the author imply about Leeds Ci
29、ty Councils decision?A. It is simply absurd.BIt is well-informed.C. It is rather unexpected.DIt is quite sensible.11. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orions reverse graffiti?A. They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo.B. They took further action to ban all reverse graffiti.
30、C. They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city.D. They made it impossible for him to practice his art.【答案】8-11 ABAD【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论涂鸦是否犯罪，讲述在涂鸦方面艺术家们和政府之间的矛盾：艺术家们为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，而政府因为保护环境禁止涂鸦。8. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“to draw attention to the pollution in our cities(关注我们城市的污染)”及第三段“The anti-pollution m
31、essage of the reverse graffiti(反污染意义的涂鸦)”可知，艺术家们涂鸦是为了创造反污染的概念。故选A项。9. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulos transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.(在2006年，巴西艺术家Alexandre Orion把Sao Paulo的交通隧道变成令人惊奇的涂鸦墙，使交通隧道摆脱尘土)”可知，Alexa
32、ndre Orion在交通隧道里涂鸦。故选B项。10. A 推理判断题。根据第三段 “We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.(我们认为这种广告会破坏环境，所以要强力反对)”及“Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.”(Moose被命令“改过自新”)”可知，前文讲述艺术家为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，但是当局却认为涂鸦是污染环境的行为，禁止艺术家涂鸦。再根据“How was he supposed to do th
33、is: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?(该怎么做呢？要把他所有干净的杰作再弄脏吗？)”可推知，作者提出这样的问题是为了表达对当局做法的否定。故选A项。11. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.(他们不仅要清除这个隧道的涂鸦，还有Sao Paulo里的每一个隧道)”可推知，圣保罗市的官员们让亚历山大奥利翁的涂鸦成为不可能。故选D项。DA new study, published this week
34、 in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that non-human animals tears are not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species tearsand how theyre adapted to their environments-may provide insights into better treatment
35、s for human eye disease.Previously, scientists had studied closely only the tears of a handful of mammals, including humans, dogs, horses, camels, and monkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time , focusing on seven species.Tears, whi
36、ch are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye thats composed of three ingredients: mucus, waler, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye
37、 from drying out.Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears; the expression crocodile tears, which refers to a persons phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat.But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebba
38、g at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide nutrition to the cornea, the eyes clear outer layer, which lacks blood tubes, he says.Learning how reptiles and bir
39、ds use tears may also inspire new medications for conditions such as dry eye, which occurs when tear tubes dont produce enough oil. The disease, common in cats, dogs, and people, can sometimes lead to blindness.12. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The source of tears.B. The composition of tears.C
40、. The classification of tears,D. The definition of tears.13. What does the underlined word phony” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Tricky.B. Regretful.C. Cold.D. False.14. Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with?A. Weeping contributes to eye disease.B. The cornea has rich blood tubes.C. Tears oil and cl
41、ear the eyes.D. More tears mean better vision.15. What might be the best title for the text?A. Tears, a barrier to eyesB. A better treatment for eye diseaseC. Non-human tears promise new curesD. Other species tears are similar to humans【答案】12-15 BDCC【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，动物的眼泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同，实际上这些眼泪为治
42、愈人类的一些疾病提供了思路。12. B 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Tears, which are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye thats composed of three ingredients: mucus, waler, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins
43、and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out. (眼泪从泪管中释放出来，在眼睛上形成一层薄膜，由三种成分组成：粘液、水和油脂。粘液覆盖了眼睛表面，有助于将眼膜附着在眼睛上。水是一种天然的含盐溶液，含有重要的蛋白质和矿物质，油可以防止眼睛干燥)”可知，第三段主要讲了眼泪的成分。故选B。13. D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat”可知，鳄
44、鱼进食的时候会流泪，所以“鳄鱼的眼泪”指的是一个人虚假的情感表达。即画线词意思是“虚假的”。A. Tricky.狡猾的；B. Regretful.后悔的；C. Cold.寒冷的；D. False.虚假的。故选D。14. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebbag at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating and cle
45、aring the eye.(但爱荷华州立大学的Lionel Sebbag指出，眼泪在哭泣之外还发挥着关键作用，他没有参与这项新研究。它们通过润滑和清洁眼睛来帮助视力)”可知，C选项“眼泪可以润滑和清洁眼睛”的观点Lionel Sebbag可能同意。故选C。15. C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that non-human animals tears are not so different from our own.
46、The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species tearsand how theyre adapted to their environments-may provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease. (本周发表在兽医科学前沿杂志上的一项新研究表明，动物的眼泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同。事实上，它们的化学成分非常相似，以至于其他物种的眼泪的组成以及它们如何适应环境，可能为更好地治疗人类眼病提
47、供了思路)”可知，文章主要介绍的是动物的眼泪为治疗人类眼病提供了思路，C选项“动物的眼泪预示着新的治疗方法”最符合文章标题。故选C。二、七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Learning Is Everywhere and AnytimeEmployees nowadays are faced with major changes in their working life. Besides their dailytasks and responsibilities, they are also
48、 learners. Specifically, they are learners faced with aninformation overload and above all, a limited amount of time. In order to catch all the opportunities learning has to offer, learning should be able to occur anywhere, at any time. _16_.This first challenge for all the learners involved in the
49、e-learning area is that your contents should be available on smartphones and mobile Internet devices, or you wont have any chance to be competitive in the e-learning field. _17_. Did you know that the rate of information has tripled (增长三倍)in the last 3 years alone? People are overloaded with tools a
50、nd need guidance to learn how to learn in the digital age._18_. Micro-learning makes learning easier with smaller learning units and short-term-focused activities. As experts say, repetitive learning through putting the learning process into daily routines is highly effective. And you can improve th
51、e learner experience by offering so-called learning nugget in an ATAWADAC style: Any Time, Any Where, Any Device, Any Content.To boost the learner experience, you need to select only content that is relevant to you. Create your own personalized on-demand learning library, by piling up interesting le
52、arning content that you can easily get. _19_, you can create your daily learning journey by consuming bite-sized learning content on._20_. Increase the completion rate. Give visibility to onboarding programmes: newcomers can have access to entry-level programmes everywhere and at any time. Give feed
53、back before or after training lessons.A. How to increase micro-learning?B. Here are some benefits of micro-learning.C. Its important to know repetitive learning too.D. Micro-learning forms an answer for learners challenges.E. Besides, people are faced with an information overload.F. It should also t
54、ake into consideration of the limitations of the individualG. By means of one mobile device (tablet, phone, application)【答案】16-20 FEDGB【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种学习活动微学习，这种学习可以帮助人们解决学习的局限性。16. F 上文“Specifically, they are learners faced with an information overload and above all, alimited amount of time
55、.（具体来说, 他们是学习者, 面对的是信息过载, 最重要的是, 有限的时间。）”说明每个人的学习都有局限性。F选项It should also take into consideration of thelimitations of the individual.（它还应该考虑到个人的局限性。）说明学习还要考虑个人的局限性, 符合文意。故选F项。17. E 下文“Did you know that the rate of information has tripled in the last 3 years alone? Peopleare overloaded with tools and
56、 need guidance to learn how to learn in the digital age.（你知道仅在过去的三年里，信息的传播速度就增长了两倍吗?在数字时代，人们的工具太多了，需要有人来指导他们如何学习。）”说明数字时代的人们面对的信息量很大。E选项Besides, people are faced with an information overload.（此外，人们面临着信息过载。）符合下文文意。故选E项。18. D 上文“Specifically, they are learners faced with an information overload and ab
57、ove all, a limited amount of time.（具体来说，他们是学习者，面对的是信息过载，最重要的是，有限的时间。）”说明每个人的学习都面临着一定的局限性的挑战。下文“Micro - learning makeslearning easier with smaller learning units and short - term - focused activities.（微学习使学习更容易与更小的学习单元和短期关注的活动。）”说明微学习可以解决信息过载时间有限等问题。D选项Micro-learning forms an answer for learners chal
58、lenges.（微学习为学习者的挑战提供了答案。）符合上下文意。故选D项。19. G 上文“This first challenge for all the learners involved in the e-learning area is that your contents should be available on smartphones and mobile Internet devices, or you wont have any chance to be competitive in the e-learning field.（对于所有参与电子学习领域的学习者来说，第一个挑
59、战是，你的内容必须在智能手机和移动互联网设备上可用，否则你将没有任何机会在电子学习领域具有竞争力。）”说明移动设备的必要性。下文 “you can create your daily learning journey by consuming bite - sized learning content on（您可以通过在网上消费小规模的学习内容来创建您的日常学习之旅）”说明需要创建日常学习之旅需要移动设备。G选项By means of one mobile device (tablet, phone, application)（通过一个移动设备（平板、电话、应用程序）符合上下文意。故选G项。2
60、0. B 下文“Increase the completion rate.（提高完成率。）”“Give visibility to onboardingprogrammes: newcomers can have access to entry - level programmes everywhere and at any time.（提供入职培训:新员工可以随时随地参加入门级培训。）”“Give feedback before or after training lessons.（在培训课程之前或之后给予反馈。）”说明这些都是微学习的优点。B选项Here are some benefits
61、 of micro - learning.（以下是微观学习的一些好处。）符合文意。故选B项。三、完形填空：（共15题；每题1分）请认真阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，As our Earths temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our worlds forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to _21_ the loss of water, and this
62、, in turn, slows down the _22_of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a _23_death rate.Climate change also increases the _24_of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to _25_, and in some cases, the fore
63、sts are_26_ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also_27_to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as_28_can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have _29_the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they
64、will never grow as large as the _30_trees that were cut down.As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, _31_ the variety of those systems. _32_, some endangered species are unable to _33_and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our wo
65、rld. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller _34_ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations _35_out on the wonders of forests?21. A. protectB. preventC. saveD. free22. A. movementB. situatio
66、nC. processD. operation23. A. higherB. firmerC. lighterD. smaller24. A. choiceB. measureC. qualificationD. chance25. A. growB. rescueC. recoverD. decline26. A. ignoredB. lostC. hurtD. left27. A. accessibleB. enjoyableC. acceptableD. favorable28. A. attentionB. commandC. trustD. support29. A. frighte
67、nedB. paidC. ruinedD. wasted30. A. commonB. originalC. distantD. strong31. A. affectingB. improvingC. forgettingD. reflecting32. A. BesidesB. SurprisinglyC. OtherwiseD. Unfortunately33. A. devoteB. keepC. adaptD. lead34. A. due toB. in addition toC. instead ofD. in spite of35. A. passB. missC. break
68、D. bring【答案】21-25 BCADC 26-30 BADCB 31-35 ADCAB【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，这对我们世界的森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。21. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. protect保护；B. prevent阻止；C. save拯救；D. free释放。根据后文the loss o
69、f water可知树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B。22. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. movement活动；B. situation情况；C. process进程；D. operation操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程（process）。故选C。23. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。A. higher更高的；B. firmer更坚固的；C. lighter更明亮的；D. smaller更小的。根据上文t
70、hese trees are shorter and grow slowly可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A。24. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。A. choice选择；B. measure测量；C. qualification资格；D. chance可能性，机会。根据后文After wildfires可知全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D。25. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。A. grow生长；B. rescue营救；C. recover恢复；D.
71、decline下降。结合上文After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to可知野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要时间才能恢复。故选C。26. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。A. ignored被忽视的；B. lost无法恢复的；C. hurt受伤的；D. left左边的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不能恢复了。故选B。27. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。A. access
72、ible易接近的；B. enjoyable快乐的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. favorable赞成的。根据后文to attacks by bacteria可知树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible to“容易进入的，容易接近的”。故选A。28. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会窒息树木，并剥夺树木的营养。A. attention注意力；B. command命令；C. trust信任；D. support支撑，支持。结合上文vines that use the trees as可知藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D。29. C
73、 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。A. frightened使害怕；B. paid支付；C. ruined毁灭；D. wasted浪费。结合后文the forest landscape through logging可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C。30. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。A. common普通的；B. original原来的；C. distant遥远的；D. strong强壮的。结合后文trees that were cut down可知此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来
74、被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B。31. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。A. affecting影响；B. improving改善；C. forgetting忘记；D. reflecting放射。承接上文As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change可知森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A。32. D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. Besi
75、des而且；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Otherwise否则；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文some endangered species are unable to可知某些物种很不幸地是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。故选D。33. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. devote贡献；B. keep保持；C. adapt适应；D. lead带领。根据上文species that once called them “home” are forced to change可知物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故
76、选C。34. A 考查短语辨析。句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。A. due to因为；B. in addition to另外；C. instead of而不是；D. in spite of尽管。根据后文poor vegetation可知此处指年轻森林由于（due to）植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A。35. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？A. pass通过；B. miss错过；C. break打破；D. bring带来。结合后文out on the wonders of forests可知此处指错过
77、森林的奇迹。短语miss out“错过”。故选B。四、语法填空：（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The discovery of the first Dead Sea Scrolls(死海古卷), considered to be the most significant archaeological event of the twentieth century, occurred in 1947 in Qumran, bordering on the Dead Sea. _36_ (search) for a goat
78、that had got lost, a man _37_ (name) Muhammed walked along the sea cliffs and _38_ (accident) came across clay jar containing ancient scrolls(卷轴). Then they were sold to Professor Eliezer Sukennik. He was sure that the scrolls were genuine, which was the first time that a biblical(圣经的) scholar _39_(
79、examine) the scrolls.Ten years later, eleven more caves around the Dead Sea _40_ (find) to contain tens of thousands of scroll fragments(碎片), among _41_ are the oldest known versions of the Hebrew Scriptures. Some scrolls were carefully placed, while others appeared to be thrown in _42_ hurry. What
80、is remarkable about the ancient scrolls is their age. _43_ (date) from the 3rd century BC to AD 68, the scrolls are mostly written in Hebrew and include the oldest biblical texts ever found, consisting _44_ passages from every book of the Hebrew Bible, with the _45_ (except) of the Book of Esther.【语
81、篇解读】短文主要讲述了死海古卷的偶然发现极其考古学的重大意义。36. To search 考查非谓语动词。_36_ (search) for goat that had got lost是 Muhammed walked along the sea cliffs的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语, 故填 To search注意首字母要大写。37. named 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, _37_ (name) Muhammed作后置定语，修饰a man，name逻辑主语a man之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词, 故填 named。38. accidentally考查词性转换。修饰动词短语
82、came across应用副词, 故填 accidentally。39. had examined 考查时态。此处是“It is/ was the first time + that从句”句型, 强调第一次做的事对现在的影响, 应用完成时态; 根据空前的was可知, 从句应用过去完成时, 故填 had examined。40. were found 考查时态和被动语态。动词find和主语 eleven more caves之间是被动关系，应用被动语态;根据空前的时间状语 Ten years later及上文中的in1947可知，“被发现”是过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时, 故填 were f
83、ound。41. which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, among _41_ are the oldest known versions of the Hebrew Scriptures是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词 scroll fragments，关系词在从句中作主语, 且前有介词 among, 故填 which。42. a考查冠词。in a hurry是固定短语, 意为“仓促，匆忙”，故填a。43. Dating考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，_43_ (date) from the 3rd century BC to AD68作8i状语, 动词date和逻辑主语 the sc
84、rolls之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词, 故填 Dating注意首字母要大写。44. of考查介词。consist of是固定短语, 意为“由组成”，故填of。45. exception考查词性转换。根据空后的of短语及空前的定冠词the可知, 此处应用名词, 故填 exception。第二部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国笔友Chris正在学习汉语。他得知你校在线开设 了中国诗词课程，非常感兴趣并想参加学习，便写信给你，希望你介绍相关情况。请根据 以下提示给他写一封回信。内容包括：你校使用钉钉（DingTalk）软件进行在线教学此课
85、程；（2）使用钉钉（DingTalk）的方法；（3）在线中国诗词课程的特色。注意：（1）词数80左右；（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris,Im glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture. _Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Chris,Im glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture. Im writing to tell you the course of Chinese
86、poetry online in detail.An application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily, which is simple and convenient to use. First, download this application and enter the class group. Next, click the button of “class online” and find the live telecast to learn the class online.The course of Chinese poe
87、try online has its own advantages. Not only can we play it again and again, but we can pause and go back at any time if we dont understand what teachers say. （Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class because we can speed up the class or skip the c
88、hapter we dont need.）I hope what I say can be helpful for you.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给正在学习汉语的美国笔友Chris介绍学校开设的在线中国诗词课程的相关情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.你校使用钉钉（DingTalk）软件进行在线教学此课程；2. 使用钉钉（DingTalk）的方法；3. 在线中国诗
89、词课程的特色。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）be glad that; show great interest in; as we know; acts as; not onlybut also; besides; speed up; be helpful for; looking forward to 第三步：连词成句1. Im glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture.2. As we know, we are living in a high-tech era, an application called DingTalk a
90、cts as class temporarily.3. Not only can we play it again and again, but also we can pause and go back at any time if you dont understand what teachers say. （4. Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class because we can speed up the class or skip the
91、 chapter we dont need.） 5. I hope what I say can be helpful for you.6. Looking forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First, Next2.表并列补充关系：Besides, Not onlybut (also)3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,
92、On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat （供参考）4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 An application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily, which is simple and convenient to use.(运用了非限制性定语从句，同时使用了不定式的主动表被动，作状语。)高分句型2Not
93、only we you play it again and again, but also we can pause and go back at any time if you dont understand what teachers say. （运用了Not onlybut also结构的倒装以及if引导的条件状语从句）（高分句型3 Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class because we can speed up the class o
94、r skip the chapter we dont need. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句和定语从句）第二节 (满分25 分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成- -篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought
95、to myself: Why would anyone bring home all his books on Friday? He must really be nerd(书呆子)”As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in t
96、he grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, I saw a tear in his eye. As I handed him his glasses, he said, thanks! There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles
97、that showed real gratitude. We talked all the way home, and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. The more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him.Over next four years, Kyle and I became the best friends. When we were seniors, he had the highest marks in the class and was chos
98、en to give a speech at the graduation ceremony. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. He had to prepare a lot, and I was so glad it wasnt me having to get up there and speak.Graduation day, I saw Kyle. said. Hey big guy, youll be great! He looked at me with one of those looks, the really gra
99、teful one, and said Thanks, smiling.As he started his speech, he cleared his throat and began. “Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. Your parents, your teachers, your siblings, maybe a coach.but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that b
100、eing a friend to someone is the best gift you can give him or her. I am going to tell you a story.注意: 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1:I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. _Paragraph 2:I smiled back in tears._【参考范文】I just looked
101、 at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. Kyle had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his Mom wouldnt have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. Meanwhile, I found he looked hard at me and gave me a l
102、ittle smile. Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable. I heard the gasp go through the crowd as this handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment. When his eyes caught mine, I was able to see fears shimmered in his smiling eyes.I smiled back in tears. Not
103、until that moment did I realize what a big difference one small gesture had made to him. I even saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. It dawned on me that never should we underestimate the power of our actions. With one small gesture we can change a persons life. Fo
104、r better or for worse.【分析】本文是一篇读后续写。要求考生就所给故事续写150字的文章，使之成为一个完整的故事。【详解】前文主要讲作者上高中时，有一天看到了同班的凯尔带着所有的书回家。一群孩子将凯尔撞倒在地。作者跑过去，帮助凯尔把书和眼镜捡了起来。后来两个人成了好朋友。毕业典礼的时候，凯尔被选去做毕业典礼演讲。他在演讲时，要给大家讲一个故事。那么，下文中，首先要接着叙述凯尔讲的故事。1. 段落续写：由第一段首句内容“他正在讲述我们第一天见面的故事时，我只是不相信地看着我的朋友”他讲述的故事应该出乎我的意料，根据所给关键词 sadness，smile，grateful可以推
105、知，这个故事肯定和凯尔当时的情绪有关系，也与我有关。由第二段首句内容“我含着泪回以微笑”可知，第二段可描写故事由悲转喜并且这件事让Karl对作者心存感激，对他的高中生活有很大的影响。最后，作者应该叙述自己听到凯尔讲的故事之后的感受。还要注意第一段的结尾应该有看向作者的细节动作。2. 续写线索：计划自杀或者弃学清理书本遇到作者开始友情挽救生命感恩对视善意的力量。3.词汇激活行为类: 计划自杀：plan to kill oneself; 清理干净 clean out; 扛回家 carry sth. home; 从拯救某人save sb. from ; 产生巨大影响：make a big diffe
106、rence情绪类: 闪烁 shimmer 最弱的weakest 感谢的 grateful/thankful【点睛】高分句型1It was not until that moment that realized how much a small gesture had affected him. 直到那一刻，我才意识到一个小小的举动对他的影响有多大。本句使用了强调句型。高分句型2This handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment，which made the crowd amazing. 这位英俊、受欢迎的男孩向我们讲述了他最脆弱的时刻，这让观众们惊叹不已。本句使用了 which引导的非限定性定语从句。
