1、第二部分 语法专题专题三 冠词1(2017新课标全国卷)Asresult,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.a解析：as a result 为固定搭配，意为“结果”。2(2016浙江卷)prize for the winner of the competition istwo-week holiday in Paris.解析：句意：这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。第一空后的名词 prize 在本句中表示特指，故用 the；第二空后的 holiday 为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故与不
2、定冠词 a 连用。Thea3(2015重庆卷)I just heardbank where Dora works was robbed bygunman wearing a mask.解析：句意：我刚听说 Dora 工作的那家银行被一名戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了。考查冠词。第一个空后的名词后有定语从句修饰，特指 Dora 工作的那家银行，应该用定冠词 the；第二个空后的名词gunman 在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词 a。thea4(2015陕西卷)more learned a man ismore modest he usually becomes.解析：句意：一个人学识越渊博，他通常就会越谦
3、逊。“The more.the more.”为固定句型，意为“越就越”。Thethe5(2015浙江卷)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got inway.解析：句意：多年以来，简的外祖母本来想写一本儿童读物，但是这样或那样的事情总是阻碍她的计划。in the way 妨碍。the6(2015四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to beBeethov
4、en.解析：句意：Brian 在作曲方面很有天赋，他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬式的人物。本题考查冠词。a Beethoven 在此处表示“一个式的人物”。a冠词作为一种虚词，在英语中只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a 用在辅音开头的单词前面；an 用于以元音开头的单词前。如：a book,an apple。一、不定冠词1不定冠词最基本的用法是表示泛指，用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”。There is _ policeman at the door.2不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“任何，每个”。_ soldier must obey or
5、ders.3不定冠词用于第一次出现的单数名词之前。There is _ box in the room.The box is heavy.4不定冠词用在价格、速度、比率等名词前，有 every 之意。The car travels at sixty kilometers _ hour.5用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump,but he will get _ second chance in the long jump.6用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更的”。If we sit near the front o
6、f the bus,well have _ better view.7用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Im certain that his concert this Sunday will be _ success.8不定冠词用于固定搭配中as a result 因此，结果 as a rule 通常as a whole 大体上 as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 匆忙in a wor
7、d 总之 in a sense 在某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上 in a short while 不久keep an eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然be on a diet 节食 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车答案：1.a 2.A 3.a
8、4.an 5.a 6.a 7.a二、定冠词1表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book.book is very useful.2用于说话人与听话人都明确知道的人或事物。如：Close _ window,please.3用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun,the moon,the earth,the world 等。4用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east,the right。5用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，以及对两人或物进行比较时起限制作用的比较级前。如：the first,the tallest,the most important,th
9、e taller of the two boys 等。6用于形容词或过去分词之前，使其名词化。如：the young(年轻人)，the wounded(伤员)等。7用于某些专有名词之前。如：the United States,the United Nations 等。8用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the East China Sea 东海，the Huai River 淮河。9用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths 等。10用于西洋乐器的名词前。如：play the piano,play the violin 等。11用于发明物前。如：
10、_ gunpowder was invented in China.12用于年代名词前。如：He lived in _ countryside in _ 1970s.13用于表示计量单位的名词前。如：by the dozen,by the hour,by the day,by the yard 等。点拨：如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如 by weight/height 等。14the very(正是那一个)，the same(同样的)，the only(唯一的)。15用在“主语动词介词the身体部位名词”结构中。如：strike sb.on the head 打在某人的头上，
11、seize sb.by the collar 抓住某人的衣领，catch sb.by the arm 抓住某人的手臂。16定冠词 the 用于固定搭配中make the most/best of 充分利用in the end 最后 by the way 顺便说一下in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡道on the whole 总的来说 at the same time 同时on the other hand 另一方面 to tell you the truth 说实话for the time being 暂时 on the spot 在现场not in the le
12、ast 一点也不 the other day 前几天take the place of 代替 at the moment 此刻，目前to the point 中肯，切题 in the middle of 在中间all the best 一切顺利答案：1.The 2.the 11.The 12.the;the三、不定冠词和定冠词的几个注意事项1表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如 sun,sky,world,moon 等，前面一般用定冠词，但其前有描绘性的修饰语时，用不定冠词。试对比：As is known to all,_ earth moves around the sun.What _ br
13、ight moon!2“a/an比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比更的一个”，属于泛指；“the比较级”表示“两者中较为的一个”。“a most形容词”表示“很，非常”。试比较：This one is too small.Can you show me _ larger one?Tom is _ older of the two boys.Part one is _ most difficult part but not _ most difficult.3表示顺序时用“the序数词”；表示“再一，又一”时，用“a/an序数词”。I have two books.I want to buy _
14、 third one.We have finished _ first lesson,and now we will learn _ second.4不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。有限制性的定语时(即表示某一年的某个季节时)，应该用定冠词。表示“某一个星期几”时，用不定冠词。The walk is expected to last all day,so bring _ packed lunch.He joined _ army in the spring of 1988.We had _ very hot summer last year.I happened to mee
15、t my classmate Jack on _ Wednesday.答案：1.the;a 2.a;the;a;the3a;the;the 4.a;the;a;a四、零冠词1表示总称的复数名词之前和表示泛指的不可数名词前。如：Children love cartoons.儿童喜欢卡通影片。Money isnt everything.金钱不是一切。2表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词，在句中作主语补足语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语时不加冠词。如：Mr Smith,head of the group,will plan for the whole trip.3专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前常不用冠词。如：C
16、hina,Smith 等。4表示学科、球类、棋类、语言名称的名词前不用冠词。5季节、月份、星期、节假日前一般不用冠词。如：on Friday,in summer 等。提示：季节等被限定性定语修饰时用定冠词；星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个”；中国民间传统节日前常加定冠词。如：in the spring of 1992,a Tuesday in September,the Spring Festival 等。6一日三餐前通常不用冠词，但前面有描绘性形容词时，加不定冠词。如：What did you have for breakfast?He had _ wonderful supper.7在一些成对
17、出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm(手挽手)；hand in hand(手牵手)；side by side(肩并肩)；day and night(日日夜夜)；young and old(老老少少)；from door to door(挨门挨户)；from beginning to end(从头到尾)；from morning till night(从早到晚)等。8与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前；以 and 连接的两个相对的名词连用时。如：knife and fork,by bus,by plane 等。9系动词 turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。如：After gr
18、aduation from college he turned teacher/became a teacher.10在 as/though 引导的部分倒装句中，“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语”意为“尽管但是”。如：Hero as he is,he has some shortcomings.11no such 后的名词不用冠词。如：Everything comes with a price;there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.一切都是有代价的，因为天下没有免费的午餐。12零冠词用于固定搭配中at present
19、目前 take part in 参加in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧on purpose 故意 on second thoughts 经过重新考虑ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前by law 根据法律 by mistake 由于差错under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心out of control 失控 out of work 失业in danger 处于危险之中 at risk 有危险答案：6.a五、在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，用哪个冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。以下是常见的容
20、易混淆的短语：at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里by sea 乘船由海路by the sea 在海边on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上；在世上take place 发生take the place of 代替out of question 毫无疑问；一定out of the question 不可能on the wholein general 大体上；一般地as a wholealtogether 全部地；整体a number of 许多the number of 的数目in fro
21、nt of 在外部的前面in the front of 在内部的前面for a moment 一会儿for the moment 目前；暂时be in charge of 负责be in the charge of 由负责；在掌管之下in possession of 拥有in the possession of 为所有in sight of 能看见in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替in the place of 在的地方.单句语法填空1Faced with such naughty boy,I was at loss.2His room is in mess,
22、which is surprise to me.3She was born in 1974 and has played piano since the age of six.4It is out of question to finish series of tasks in such short time.5All of sudden,he heard cry for help.aaaathetheaaaa6 compass was invented in 1820s.7Robots take place of human beings in way.8The weather report
23、 says heavy rain is on way.Please be ready.9Many worker gets paid by hour.10She had pleasant experience on way home.11 West Lake is most beautiful place,so I want to visit it second time.TheathetheatheatheatheTheaa12 Pacific Ocean is second largest ocean in the world.13The house is in possession of
24、Mr Black,who is easy-going man.14It is must to make most of your spare time.15On whole,the meeting was great success.Thethetheanathethea.单句改错1Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.2In the Spring Festival,my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.3What we have le
25、arned from the trip is to help,understand and share with others.In word,we have got quite a lot from it.4There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.5The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things.countryside 前加 thedifferent holiday 前加 a在 In 后加 a去掉第
26、1 个 the在 open 前加 an6That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！7I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.8One Monday afternoon,we were playing the basketball in t
27、he playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over.9Please let me know if it will be OK.Give me call.10Hearing that,I pushed myself harder and began making a rapid progress.a 改为 an去掉 sight 前的 a去掉 basketball 前的 the在 call 前加 a去掉 a.语篇填空When I walked down _1_Third Avenue,as _2_ rule,I used to look into
28、 the windows of _3_ old shop that sold old and beautiful things.SinceI often took my walk after the closing time,I cupped my hands against _4_ windows to get _5_ small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for _6_ long time,but I knew their beauty was still
29、there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were _7_ most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people,too.I knew their value,and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given _8_ deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well,m
30、y sister and I respected other people,regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all _9_ people around her.She was known to be _10_ wise and kind woman,who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去
31、光泽)by age,but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.theaantheaatheathea.短文改错One day,when I was about 5 or 6 years old,my parents went to a trip.Grandma seemed so happy to take care of me which she made me a special breakfa
32、st.Therefore,I complained about the food she cooked,grandma quiet put down the bowl and went into the living room.I followed and saw tear in her eyes.It was the first time that I have ever seen my strong grandma to cry.And I knew I was the one who had caused it.I apologized and asked her to forgive
33、me.She smiled and told me I was good boy even if I didnt feel like one then.That memory will stay in her heart forever,because I learn that ask for forgiveness helps me to learn and grow.答案One day,when I was about 5 or 6 years old,my parents went toon/fora trip.Grandma seemed so happy to take care o
34、f me whichthat she made me a special breakfast.ThereforeHowever，I complained about the food she cooked,grandma quietquietly put down the bowl and went into the living room.I followed and saw teartears in her eyes.It was the first time that I havehad ever seen my strong grandma to cry.And I knew I was the one who had caused it.I apologized and asked her to forgive me.She smiled and told me I was a good boy even if I didnt feel like one then.That memory will stay in hermy heart forever,because I learn that askasking for forgiveness helps me to learn and grow.
